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759, 773, 785, 951, 956, 1074, 1186], 'gastrointestinal': [191], 'dysfunction,': [192], 'immune': [194], 'system,': [195], 'disturbance': [196], 'hormonal': [198], 'function,': [199], 'osteoporosis);': [201], 'syndrome': [203], 'spectrum': [204], 'called': [205], 'relative': [206, 1688, 2441], 'deficiency': [208, 1629, 1690, 2443], 'sport': [210, 839, 1692, 2445], '(RED-S)': [211], '(5,': [212], '7).': [213], 'Interestingly,': [214], 'reference': [216, 422, 427, 666, 884, 2288], 'scale': [217], 'evaluation': [220, 724, 853], 'based': [222, 1345, 1357], 'on': [223, 259, 382, 398, 401, 430, 678, 735, 1079, 1122, 1294, 1331, 1346, 1358, 1467, 1520, 1687, 1720, 1881, 2340, 2582, 2607, 2632, 2662], 'normal': [225, 334, 351, 392, 890], 'population,': [226], 'such': [229, 377, 426, 758, 957, 1057, 1185], 'may': [231, 412, 649, 849, 1203], 'theoretically': [232], 'overlook': [233], 'that': [235, 310, 358, 469, 1018, 1140, 1169, 1182, 1338], 'already': [236], 'have': [237, 277, 294, 312, 460, 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[306, 1221], 'should': [308, 425, 834, 1113, 1354], 'expect': [309], 'they': [311], 'Z-scores': [313, 1030], 'above': [314, 391], 'population': [316, 352, 891], 'norm': [317], '(≥0).': [318], 'Therefore,': [319], 'American': [321, 1800, 1805, 2124, 2129, 2755], 'College': [322, 1801, 1806, 2125, 2130], 'Medicine': [325, 1809, 2133], '(ACSM)': [326], 'International': [329, 777, 1415, 1421, 1437], 'Olympic': [330], 'Committee': [331], '(IOC)': [332], 'defines': [333], 'health': [336, 540, 1081, 1265, 1342, 1474, 1722, 2097, 2254, 2512], 'Z-score': [341, 360, 665, 695, 708, 771, 843, 886, 1348, 1353], '≥': [342, 347, 1349], '−1.0,': [343], 'opposed': [345], '−2.0': [348], '(4,': [353], '5,': [354], '10).': [355], 'They': [356], 'propose': [357, 765], '<': [361], '−1': [362, 712], 'warrants': [363], 'further': [364, 800, 1004, 1283], 'follow-up': [365, 722], 'examination': [368, 801], 'secondary': [370, 726, 803], 'factors.': [372, 728], 'Athletes': [373], 'low-impact': [375, 505], 'sports,': [376, 506], 'swimming': [379], 'cycling,': [381], 'other': [384, 630, 822, 971, 1183], 'hand,': [385, 631, 972], 'seem': [386], 'not': [387, 684, 718, 925, 1877, 2232], 'present': [389], 'levels': [393, 1059], '(12–16).': [396], 'Based': [397, 1330], 'current': [399], 'understanding': [400], 'how': [402, 1052], 'loading': [404, 447, 511, 530, 637, 700, 1043], 'positively': [405], 'affect': [406], 'BMD,': [407, 450, 914, 932], 'question': [409], 'rise': [411], 'be;': [413], 'there': [415, 935, 1014, 1222], 'sport-specific': [420, 1042, 1047, 1058], 'values?': [423], 'And': [424], 'depend': [429], 'type': [432, 1363], 'sport/event,': [434, 1365], 'sex,': [435], 'age': [437], '(1)?WHAT': [438], 'DO': [439, 659, 1092], 'WE': [440, 660, 1093], 'KNOW?Participation': [441], 'bone-specific': [446, 699], 'activities': [448, 463, 468], 'increases': [449], 'both': [451, 1165], 'throughout': [452], 'adolescence': [453, 494, 645], '(17)': [454], 'adulthood': [456, 648], '(18).': [457], 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775, 826, 924, 965, 1378, 2753], 'intakes': [552], 'total': [555, 1131], 'expenditure': [557], 'affected': [559], 'hormones': [560], 'regulating': [561], 'metabolism': [563], '(21).Short-term': [564], 'include': [571, 1120], 'stress': [575, 603, 656, 761, 2397], 'traumatic': [578], '(22).': [581], 'Extreme': [582], 'weight': [583], 'control': [584], 'behaviors,': [585], 'disordered': [586, 807], 'eating,': [587], 'eating': [589], 'disorders': [590], 'lead': [592], 'inadequate': [594], 'development': [596], 'increase': [598], 'injuries': [604, 619, 657], '(23).': [605], 'Markers': [606], '4.5': [613], 'times': [614, 1757, 2784], 'greater': [615], 'rate': [616], 'national/world-class': [621], 'female': [622, 1528, 1813, 2019, 2392], 'male': [624, 1980, 2017], 'distance': [625, 2346], '(24).': [627], 'On': [628, 969], 'participation': [632, 1719], 'multiaxial': [636], 'combined': [638], 'having': [640, 926], 'regular': [642], 'menstruation': [643], 'during': [644], 'young': [647, 1725, 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'Graphic': [902], 'design:': [903], 'Thomas': [904], 'E.': [905, 2056], 'Fiskå,': [906], 'Norway.': [910], 'Used': [911], 'permission.': [913], 'density.Download': [917], 'figureDownload': [918], 'PowerPointThere': [919], 'clear': [922], 'disadvantage': [923], 'additionally,': [934], 'large': [938, 1160, 1230, 2338], 'knowledge': [939, 989, 1260, 1359], 'gap': [940], 'respect': [942, 1262], 'microarchitecture.': [945], 'latter': [947], 'important,': [950], 'microarchitecture,': [954, 1124], 'potentially': [962], 'masked': [964], 'BMD.': [968, 1111, 1191], 'despite': [973], 'strength': [978], 'satisfactory': [981, 1344], 'architecture': [985], 'good.': [987], 'Without': [988], 'about': [990, 1360], 'architecture,': [992], 'correct': [993], 'classification': [994], 'group': [997, 1466], 'fractures,': [999, 2498], 'health,': [1002], 'complications': [1005], 'remains': [1006], 'challenging.To': [1007], 'establish': [1008, 1311], 'new': [1009], 'cut-off': [1010, 1273], 'ranges': [1011, 1274], 'questions': [1017], 'needs': [1019], 'answered:': [1022], '1)': [1023], 'Is': [1024], 'ages?': [1036], '2)': [1037], 'How': [1038], 'many': [1039], 'years': [1040, 1125, 2295], 'needed': [1045], 'occur?': [1049], '3)': [1050], 'For': [1051], 'long': [1053, 1306], 'see': [1056], 'after': [1060], 'cessation': [1061], 'sporting': [1064, 2061], 'career?': [1065], '4)': [1066], 'Do': [1067, 2584, 2609, 2634, 2664], 'take': [1071], 'sex-specific': [1072], 'considerations,': [1073], 'seems': [1082, 1213], '(20)?WHAT': [1091], 'NEED?We': [1094], 'suggest': [1095], 'physiology': [1097], 'medicine': [1100], 'scientists': [1101], 'unite': [1102], 'create': [1104], 'large,': [1106], 'international': [1107, 1532, 1543], 'database': [1109, 1242], 'Data': [1112], 'additionally': [1114], 'sex-': [1116], 'age-specific,': [1118], 'experience': [1128], '[years': [1129], 'specific': [1134], 'sport(s)]': [1135], 'controlled': [1137, 1770], 'known': [1142], 'effect': [1144], 'family': [1147], 'history': [1148], 'osteoporosis,': [1150], 'menstrual': [1151, 2386], 'history,': [1152, 1362, 2387], 'medications,': [1153, 2497], 'LEA,': [1154], 'ethnicity).': [1156], 'There': [1157, 1303], 'diversity': [1161], 'cannot': [1170, 1336], 'attributed': [1172], 'solely': [1173], 'sex-,': [1175], 'age-': [1176], 'activity-associated': [1179], 'effects,': [1180], 'indicating': [1181], 'genetic': [1187], 'variation': [1188], 'influence': [1190], 'Heritability': [1192], 'estimated': [1196], '50%–85%': [1198], '(27),': [1199], 'numerous': [1201], 'genes': [1202], 'role': [1206], '(28,': [1207], '29).': [1208], 'Taking': [1209], 'genetics': [1210], 'into': [1211], 'account': [1212], 'necessary,': [1214], 'but': [1215, 1291, 2335], 'definitely': [1216], 'complicates': [1217], 'picture.': [1219], 'As': [1220], 'very': [1229], 'number': [1231], 'different': [1235, 1286], 'countries': [1236], 'ethnicities': [1238], 'included': [1239], 'work': [1247], 'together': [1248], 'internationally': 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'figures;': [1392], 'drafted': [1394], 'manuscript;': [1395, 1404], 'K.L.J.,': [1396, 1405], 'M.K.T.,': [1397, 1406], 'J.S.-B.,': [1398, 1407], 'edited': [1401], 'revised': [1403], 'approved': [1410], 'manuscript.REFERENCES1.': [1414], 'Densitometry.': [1419, 1441], 'Densitometry,': [1425], 'Official': [1426, 1443], 'Positions': [1427], '2019': [1428], '–': [1429], 'Adult.': [1430], '2019.': [1431, 1455], 'https://iscd.org/.': [1432, 1456], '[2021': [1433, 1457, 1486], 'Dec': [1434, 1458, 1487], '31]Google': [1435, 1459, 1488], 'Scholar2.': [1436], 'ISCD': [1442], 'Position,': [1444], 'Pediatric.': [1445], 'Skeletal': [1446], 'Health': [1447, 1462, 2303, 2709], 'Children': [1450], 'Infancy': [1452], 'Adolescence.': [1454], 'Scholar3.': [1460], 'World': [1461], 'Organization.': [1463], 'WHO': [1464], 'scientific': [1465], 'assessment': [1469, 2447], 'primary': [1473], 'care': [1475], 'level.': [1476], 'Summary': [1477], 'Meeting': [1478], 'Report': [1479], 'Brussels,': [1480], 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