Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4200232392', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118', 'title': 'Empathy-based counterspeech can reduce racist hate speech in a social media field experiment', 'display_name': 'Empathy-based counterspeech can reduce racist hate speech in a social media field experiment', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-12-06', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4200232392', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34873046'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058972615', 'display_name': 'Dominik Hangartner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-7507'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Dominik Hangartner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'Immigration Policy Lab, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Immigration Policy Lab, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036416693', 'display_name': 'Gloria Gennaro', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-6635'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gloria Gennaro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'Immigration Policy Lab, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Immigration Policy Lab, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045397071', 'display_name': 'Sary Alasiri', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sary Alasiri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085716853', 'display_name': 'Nicholas Bahrich', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nicholas Bahrich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010360017', 'display_name': 'Alexandra Bornhoft', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alexandra Bornhoft', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034117752', 'display_name': 'Joseph F. Boucher', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Joseph Boucher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064564325', 'display_name': 'Buket Buse Demirci', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-7583'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Buket Buse Demirci', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079214772', 'display_name': 'Laurenz Derksen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-339X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Laurenz Derksen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'Immigration Policy Lab, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Immigration Policy Lab, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011717503', 'display_name': 'Aldo Hall', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-1355'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Aldo Hall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005477606', 'display_name': 'Matthias Jochum', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthias Jochum', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080815914', 'display_name': 'Maria Murias Muñoz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Maria Murias Munoz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027547731', 'display_name': 'Marc Richter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-8123'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marc Richter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102198732', 'display_name': 'Franziska Vogel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Franziska Vogel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049837299', 'display_name': 'Salomé Wittwer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Salomé Wittwer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077390627', 'display_name': 'Felix Wüthrich', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'display_name': 'Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rvn4p91', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Felix Wüthrich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative and International Studies, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046475081', 'display_name': 'Fabrizio Gilardi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-3048'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I202697423', 'display_name': 'University of Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02crff812', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fabrizio Gilardi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057940546', 'display_name': 'Karsten Donnay', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-6539'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I202697423', 'display_name': 'University of Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02crff812', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karsten Donnay', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5058972615'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.758, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 62, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999972, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '118', 'issue': '50', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12262', 'display_name': 'Automated Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12262', 'display_name': 'Automated Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10557', 'display_name': 'The Impact of Digital Media on Public Discourse', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3315', 'display_name': 'Communication'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11397', 'display_name': 'Populism in Contemporary Politics', 'score': 0.9737, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hostility', 'display_name': 'Hostility', 'score': 0.74636817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity', 'display_name': 'Popularity', 'score': 0.7317965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation', 'display_name': 'Moderation', 'score': 0.56435853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech', 'display_name': 'Hate Speech', 'score': 0.554337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/online-harassment', 'display_name': 'Online Harassment', 'score': 0.532598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior', 'display_name': 'Prosocial behavior', 'score': 0.4403574}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781214261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2729863', 'display_name': 'Hostility', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74636817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779885105', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263', 'display_name': 'Empathy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7459032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780586970', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284', 'display_name': 'Popularity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7317965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C518677369', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833', 'display_name': 'Social media', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64459395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27415008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382', 'display_name': 'Psychological intervention', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62031484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93225998', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972', 'display_name': 'Moderation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56435853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5124979}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4419496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158608086', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613', 'display_name': 'Prosocial behavior', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4403574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39549134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080', 'display_name': 'Public relations', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35852304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108827166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975', 'display_name': 'Internet privacy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35482442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25471312}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16695058}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.088009894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004645', 'descriptor_name': 'Empathy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006252', 'descriptor_name': 'Hate', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D063505', 'descriptor_name': 'Racism', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D061108', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Media', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007802', 'descriptor_name': 'Language', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/210350/1/ZORA210350.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/210350/1/ZORA210350.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401281', 'display_name': 'Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I202697423', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Zurich', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202697423'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Zurich'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/522341', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/522341/3/pnas.2116310118.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402302', 'display_name': 'Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'host_organization_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['ETH Zurich'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8685915', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34873046', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.8, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320327931', 'funder_display_name': 'Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur für Innovationsförderung', 'award_id': '46165.1 IP-SBM'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2053309878', 'https://openalex.org/W2120846249', 'https://openalex.org/W2132515171', 'https://openalex.org/W2323368791', 'https://openalex.org/W2555691318', 'https://openalex.org/W3037799871', 'https://openalex.org/W3039716027', 'https://openalex.org/W3043018575', 'https://openalex.org/W3090267106', 'https://openalex.org/W3115417475', 'https://openalex.org/W3122907670', 'https://openalex.org/W3134473563', 'https://openalex.org/W4200232392', 'https://openalex.org/W4398637076'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W603013573', 'https://openalex.org/W3210550035', 'https://openalex.org/W3184787772', 'https://openalex.org/W2800889318', 'https://openalex.org/W2484597701', 'https://openalex.org/W2368605798', 'https://openalex.org/W2332066094', 'https://openalex.org/W2325377193', 'https://openalex.org/W2242014171', 'https://openalex.org/W2077704140'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Despite': [0, 82], 'heightened': [1], 'awareness': [2], 'of': [3, 7, 66, 96, 128, 133, 143, 157, 169, 193, 201, 205, 215], 'the': [4, 92, 100, 154, 166, 202, 213], 'detrimental': [5], 'impact': [6], 'hate': [8, 57, 80, 124, 159, 171], 'speech': [9, 50, 125, 160, 172], 'on': [10, 14, 24, 91, 106], 'social': [11, 35], 'media': [12, 36], 'platforms': [13], 'affected': [15], 'communities': [16], 'and': [17, 51, 68, 77, 94, 135, 164, 211], 'public': [18, 101], 'discourse,': [19], 'there': [20, 86], 'is': [21, 87], 'little': [22], 'consensus': [23], 'approaches': [25], 'to': [26, 75, 126], 'mitigate': [27], 'it.': [28], 'While': [29], 'content': [30], 'moderation—either': [31], 'by': [32, 161, 178], 'governments': [33], 'or': [34, 191], 'companies—can': [37], 'curb': [38], 'online': [39, 79], 'hostility,': [40], 'such': [41], 'policies': [42], 'may': [43], 'suppress': [44], 'valuable': [45], 'as': [46, 48], 'well': [47], 'illicit': [49], 'might': [52], 'disperse': [53], 'rather': [54], 'than': [55], 'reduce': [56, 78, 165], 'speech.': [58, 81], 'As': [59], 'an': [60, 63], 'alternative': [61], 'strategy,': [62], 'increasing': [64], 'number': [65], 'international': [67], 'nongovernmental': [69], 'organizations': [70], '(I/NGOs)': [71], 'are': [72], 'employing': [73], 'counterspeech': [74, 97, 130, 150, 217], 'confront': [76], 'their': [83], 'growing': [84], 'popularity,': [85], 'scant': [88], 'experimental': [89], 'evidence': [90], 'effectiveness': [93], 'design': [95, 214], 'strategies': [98, 188], '(in': [99], 'domain).': [102], 'Modeling': [103], 'our': [104, 199], 'interventions': [105], 'current': [107], 'I/NGO': [108], 'practice,': [109], 'we': [110], 'randomly': [111], 'assign': [112], 'English-speaking': [113], 'Twitter': [114, 145], 'users': [115, 146], 'who': [116], 'have': [117], 'sent': [118], 'messages': [119, 151], 'containing': [120], 'xenophobic': [121, 158, 170], '(or': [122], 'racist)': [123], 'one': [127], 'three': [129], 'strategies—empathy,': [131], 'warning': [132, 192], 'consequences,': [134], 'humor—or': [136], 'a': [137, 174], 'control': [138], 'group.': [139], 'Our': [140], 'intention-to-treat': [141], 'analysis': [142], '1,350': [144], 'shows': [147], 'that': [148], 'empathy-based': [149], 'can': [152], 'increase': [153], 'retrospective': [155], 'deletion': [156], '0.2': [162], 'SD': [163], 'prospective': [167], 'creation': [168], 'over': [173], '4-wk': [175], 'follow-up': [176], 'period': [177], '0.1': [179], 'SD.': [180], 'We': [181], 'find,': [182], 'however,': [183], 'no': [184], 'consistent': [185], 'effects': [186], 'for': [187], 'using': [189], 'humor': [190], 'consequences.': [194], 'Together,': [195], 'these': [196], 'results': [197], 'advance': [198], 'understanding': [200], 'central': [203], 'role': [204], 'empathy': [206], 'in': [207], 'reducing': [208], 'exclusionary': [209], 'behavior': [210], 'inform': [212], 'future': [216], 'interventions.': [218]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200232392', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-12T07:57:07.227399', 'created_date': '2021-12-31'}