Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4200020340', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0414', 'title': 'Pathogeneses and Imaging Features of Cerebral White Matter Lesions of Vascular Origins', 'display_name': 'Pathogeneses and Imaging Features of Cerebral White Matter Lesions of Vascular Origins', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4200020340', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0414', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34881084'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0414', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2738790859', 'display_name': 'Aging and Disease', 'issn_l': '2152-5250', 'issn': ['2152-5250'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316031', 'host_organization_name': 'Buck Institute for Research on Aging', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316031'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Buck Institute for Research on Aging'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0414', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086778761', 'display_name': 'Xiaoqin Wu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-4618'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115644', 'display_name': 'Chinese Institute for Brain Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029819q61', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xiaoqin Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077405107', 'display_name': 'Jingyuan Ya', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-0506'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115644', 'display_name': 'Chinese Institute for Brain Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029819q61', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137227', 'display_name': "Queen's Medical Centre", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ap6wx93', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1334287468', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137227']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142263535', 'display_name': 'University of Nottingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ee9ar58', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I142263535']}], 'countries': ['CN', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jingyuan Ya', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.', "4Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Center School of Medicine, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "4Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Center School of Medicine, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137227', 'https://openalex.org/I142263535']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070673532', 'display_name': 'Da Zhou', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-4213'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115644', 'display_name': 'Chinese Institute for Brain Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029819q61', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Da Zhou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049444390', 'display_name': 'Yuchuan Ding', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-1660'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185443292', 'display_name': 'Wayne State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01070mq45', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185443292']}], 'countries': ['CN', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuchuan Ding', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', '5Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '5Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185443292']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041731322', 'display_name': 'Xunming Ji', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-2744'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115644', 'display_name': 'Chinese Institute for Brain Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029819q61', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xunming Ji', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100603092', 'display_name': 'Ran Meng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1190-4710'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115644', 'display_name': 'Chinese Institute for Brain Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029819q61', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ran Meng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115644']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2000, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2000, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2000, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2000, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.723, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 14, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.490706, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '12', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '2031', 'last_page': '2031'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10227', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology and Management of Stroke', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10227', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology and Management of Stroke', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14144', 'display_name': 'Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2808', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12610', 'display_name': 'Functions and Regulation of RNA Editing by ADARs', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/leukoaraiosis', 'display_name': 'Leukoaraiosis', 'score': 0.8904685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter-lesions', 'display_name': 'White Matter Lesions', 'score': 0.644895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery', 'display_name': 'Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery', 'score': 0.57697755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-impairment', 'display_name': 'Memory Impairment', 'score': 0.506994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathophysiology', 'display_name': 'Pathophysiology', 'score': 0.459119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology', 'display_name': 'Etiology', 'score': 0.410537}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146638467', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10529587', 'display_name': 'Hyperintensity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.91805756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776191500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2123166', 'display_name': 'Leukoaraiosis', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8904685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.74711823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58693492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875', 'display_name': 'Neuroimaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7250283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781192897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050', 'display_name': 'White matter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72463435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.61175257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101070640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737215', 'display_name': 'Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57697755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143409427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238', 'display_name': 'Magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50456464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778583010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237081', 'display_name': 'Leukoencephalopathy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4944024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10162356', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135939', 'display_name': 'Pathophysiology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.459119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781156865', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023', 'display_name': 'Lesion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4311477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137627325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318', 'display_name': 'Etiology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.410537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4056536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.190819}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1460028}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10042125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08399296}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0414', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2738790859', 'display_name': 'Aging and Disease', 'issn_l': '2152-5250', 'issn': ['2152-5250'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316031', 'host_organization_name': 'Buck Institute for Research on Aging', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316031'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Buck Institute for Research on Aging'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8612616', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34881084', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0414', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2738790859', 'display_name': 'Aging and Disease', 'issn_l': '2152-5250', 'issn': ['2152-5250'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316031', 'host_organization_name': 'Buck Institute for Research on Aging', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316031'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Buck Institute for Research on Aging'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.69}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 153, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1489506413', 'https://openalex.org/W1500754494', 'https://openalex.org/W1503426110', 'https://openalex.org/W1561413835', 'https://openalex.org/W1577796071', 'https://openalex.org/W1665327234', 'https://openalex.org/W1908464783', 'https://openalex.org/W1944399228', 'https://openalex.org/W1963504761', 'https://openalex.org/W1964580878', 'https://openalex.org/W1966319955', 'https://openalex.org/W1966862723', 'https://openalex.org/W1973969849', 'https://openalex.org/W1974047762', 'https://openalex.org/W1976149684', 'https://openalex.org/W1977747781', 'https://openalex.org/W1983933902', 'https://openalex.org/W1985043486', 'https://openalex.org/W1989169682', 'https://openalex.org/W1989498795', 'https://openalex.org/W1994609866', 'https://openalex.org/W1996470432', 'https://openalex.org/W1997222702', 'https://openalex.org/W2000291174', 'https://openalex.org/W2000404522', 'https://openalex.org/W2001801744', 'https://openalex.org/W2002514626', 'https://openalex.org/W2008273493', 'https://openalex.org/W2009972037', 'https://openalex.org/W2011465634', 'https://openalex.org/W2014705540', 'https://openalex.org/W2015400841', 'https://openalex.org/W2015713436', 'https://openalex.org/W2019251961', 'https://openalex.org/W2021556603', 'https://openalex.org/W2024770644', 'https://openalex.org/W2027492960', 'https://openalex.org/W2031637297', 'https://openalex.org/W2035449167', 'https://openalex.org/W2037444978', 'https://openalex.org/W2040081908', 'https://openalex.org/W2041106194', 'https://openalex.org/W2041555699', 'https://openalex.org/W2046791411', 'https://openalex.org/W2048979635', 'https://openalex.org/W2049018971', 'https://openalex.org/W2049791419', 'https://openalex.org/W2054446458', 'https://openalex.org/W2062901604', 'https://openalex.org/W2066915627', 'https://openalex.org/W2067354584', 'https://openalex.org/W2069546785', 'https://openalex.org/W2073566962', 'https://openalex.org/W2073748140', 'https://openalex.org/W2078862377', 'https://openalex.org/W2080099880', 'https://openalex.org/W2083008765', 'https://openalex.org/W2085386343', 'https://openalex.org/W2091163929', 'https://openalex.org/W2091931051', 'https://openalex.org/W2092735877', 'https://openalex.org/W2094016424', 'https://openalex.org/W2096822005', 'https://openalex.org/W2100091063', 'https://openalex.org/W2100809123', 'https://openalex.org/W2102371765', 'https://openalex.org/W2103437672', 'https://openalex.org/W2104901197', 'https://openalex.org/W2105202736', 'https://openalex.org/W2107897133', 'https://openalex.org/W2108524239', 'https://openalex.org/W2109334713', 'https://openalex.org/W2109521810', 'https://openalex.org/W2116896297', 'https://openalex.org/W2118636048', 'https://openalex.org/W2119527709', 'https://openalex.org/W2121187530', 'https://openalex.org/W2122281432', 'https://openalex.org/W2122515144', 'https://openalex.org/W2134134125', 'https://openalex.org/W2138465150', 'https://openalex.org/W2140621953', 'https://openalex.org/W2142505783', 'https://openalex.org/W2143783309', 'https://openalex.org/W2144971762', 'https://openalex.org/W2146689212', 'https://openalex.org/W2148455094', 'https://openalex.org/W2148568506', 'https://openalex.org/W2151106401', 'https://openalex.org/W2151720801', 'https://openalex.org/W2156295356', 'https://openalex.org/W2156717321', 'https://openalex.org/W2157032372', 'https://openalex.org/W2158742097', 'https://openalex.org/W2162891740', 'https://openalex.org/W2162903851', 'https://openalex.org/W2163718643', 'https://openalex.org/W2164289223', 'https://openalex.org/W2165472468', 'https://openalex.org/W2165503283', 'https://openalex.org/W2166595922', 'https://openalex.org/W2168703958', 'https://openalex.org/W2172864295', 'https://openalex.org/W2185800995', 'https://openalex.org/W2209553245', 'https://openalex.org/W2220454601', 'https://openalex.org/W2305359967', 'https://openalex.org/W2321488910', 'https://openalex.org/W2395176267', 'https://openalex.org/W2460521385', 'https://openalex.org/W2470078412', 'https://openalex.org/W2565609152', 'https://openalex.org/W2584173197', 'https://openalex.org/W2587965085', 'https://openalex.org/W2591216191', 'https://openalex.org/W2596892842', 'https://openalex.org/W2603670818', 'https://openalex.org/W2605490541', 'https://openalex.org/W2616001926', 'https://openalex.org/W2749458320', 'https://openalex.org/W2752034329', 'https://openalex.org/W2758433057', 'https://openalex.org/W2764288910', 'https://openalex.org/W2768007735', 'https://openalex.org/W2785763104', 'https://openalex.org/W2791624814', 'https://openalex.org/W2793081126', 'https://openalex.org/W2801080245', 'https://openalex.org/W2888460089', 'https://openalex.org/W2889400613', 'https://openalex.org/W2894632880', 'https://openalex.org/W2896476793', 'https://openalex.org/W2898376854', 'https://openalex.org/W2909161589', 'https://openalex.org/W2912088509', 'https://openalex.org/W2940179739', 'https://openalex.org/W2968713026', 'https://openalex.org/W2978575163', 'https://openalex.org/W2984992886', 'https://openalex.org/W2992281359', 'https://openalex.org/W2997498731', 'https://openalex.org/W3005979855', 'https://openalex.org/W3009939277', 'https://openalex.org/W3015583006', 'https://openalex.org/W3022049008', 'https://openalex.org/W3034347939', 'https://openalex.org/W3081690699', 'https://openalex.org/W3087465903', 'https://openalex.org/W3104311523', 'https://openalex.org/W3107870271', 'https://openalex.org/W3114339968', 'https://openalex.org/W3119675598', 'https://openalex.org/W89107774'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4311541999', 'https://openalex.org/W3092209499', 'https://openalex.org/W2995760763', 'https://openalex.org/W2967497726', 'https://openalex.org/W2963248103', 'https://openalex.org/W2906547142', 'https://openalex.org/W2756704052', 'https://openalex.org/W2410003013', 'https://openalex.org/W2097252910', 'https://openalex.org/W2029274294'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'White': [0], 'matter': [1, 8, 120, 123], 'lesion': [2], '(WML),': [3], 'also': [4], 'known': [5], 'as': [6], 'white': [7], 'hyperintensities': [9], 'or': [10, 68], 'leukoaraiosis,': [11], 'was': [12], 'first': [13], 'termed': [14], 'in': [15, 106], '1986': [16], 'to': [17, 110, 155], 'describe': [18], 'the': [19, 33, 50, 76, 87, 114, 133, 150, 158], 'hyperintense': [20], 'signals': [21], 'on': [22, 86], 'T2-weighted': [23], 'imaging': [24], '(T2WI)': [25], 'and': [26, 47, 63, 89, 112, 128, 138, 166], 'fluid-attenuated': [27], 'inversion': [28], 'recovery': [29], '(FLAIR)': [30], 'maps.': [31], 'Over': [32], 'past': [34], 'decades,': [35], 'a': [36], 'growing': [37], 'body': [38], 'of': [39, 65, 72, 79, 92, 132, 162], 'pathophysiological': [40], 'findings': [41], 'regarding': [42], 'WMLs': [43], 'have': [44], 'been': [45], 'discovered': [46], 'discussed.': [48], 'Currently,': [49], 'generally': [51], 'accepted': [52], 'WML': [53, 80, 160], 'pathogeneses': [54, 88], 'mainly': [55], 'include': [56], 'hypoxia-ischemia,': [57], 'endothelial': [58], 'dysfunction,': [59], 'blood-brain': [60], 'barrier': [61], 'disruption,': [62], 'infiltration': [64], 'inflammatory': [66], 'mediators': [67], 'cytokines.': [69], 'However,': [70], 'none': [71], 'them': [73], 'can': [74], 'explain': [75], 'whole': [77], 'dynamics': [78], 'formation.': [81], 'Herein,': [82], 'we': [83, 99], 'primarily': [84], 'focus': [85], 'neuroimaging': [90], 'features': [91], 'vascular': [93, 164], 'WMLs.': [94], 'To': [95], 'achieve': [96], 'this': [97, 146], 'goal,': [98], 'searched': [100, 139], 'papers': [101], 'with': [102], 'any': [103], 'type': [104], 'published': [105], 'PubMed': [107], 'from': [108], '1950': [109], '2020': [111], 'cross-referenced': [113], 'keywords': [115], 'including': [116], '"leukoencephalopathy",': [117], '"leukoaraiosis",': [118], '"white': [119, 122], 'hyperintensity",': [121], 'lesion",': [124], '"pathogenesis",': [125], '"pathology",': [126], '"pathophysiology",': [127], '"neuroimaging".': [129], 'Moreover,': [130], 'references': [131, 152], 'selected': [134], 'articles': [135], 'were': [136], 'browsed': [137], 'for': [140, 153], 'additional': [141], 'pertinent': [142], 'articles.': [143], 'We': [144], 'believe': [145], 'work': [147], 'will': [148], 'supply': [149], 'robust': [151], 'clinicians': [154], 'further': [156], 'understand': [157], 'different': [159], 'patterns': [161], 'varying': [163], 'etiologies': [165], 'thus': [167], 'make': [168], 'customized': [169], 'treatment.': [170]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200020340', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T06:33:33.186408', 'created_date': '2021-12-31'}