Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W37523438', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/jce199304207', 'title': 'The Influence of Ethnicity and Race on Attitudes toward Advance Directives, Life-Prolonging Treatments, and Euthanasia', 'display_name': 'The Influence of Ethnicity and Race on Attitudes toward Advance Directives, Life-Prolonging Treatments, and Euthanasia', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W37523438', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/jce199304207', 'mag': '37523438', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8334279'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/jce199304207', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S73246074', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Clinical Ethics', 'issn_l': '1046-7890', 'issn': ['1046-7890', '1945-5879'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018285689', 'display_name': 'Panagiota Caralis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-5760'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'display_name': 'Veterans Health Administration', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05eq41471', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I145608581', 'display_name': 'University of Miami', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dgjyy92', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I145608581']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. V. Caralis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Miami School of Medicine', 'Veterans Affairs Medical Center,\r\n Miami'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Veterans Affairs Medical Center,\r\n Miami', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799886695']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Miami School of Medicine', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I145608581']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110824809', 'display_name': 'Bobbi Davis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I145608581', 'display_name': 'University of Miami', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dgjyy92', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I145608581']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bobbi Davis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Miami School of Medicine'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Miami School of Medicine', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I145608581']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033748941', 'display_name': 'Karen E. Wright', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-929X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I145608581', 'display_name': 'University of Miami', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dgjyy92', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I145608581']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karen Wright', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Miami School of Medicine'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Miami School of Medicine', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I145608581']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107151078', 'display_name': 'Eileen Marcial', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'display_name': 'Veterans Health Administration', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05eq41471', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eileen Marcial', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799886695']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 14.608, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 359, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.990221, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '4', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '155', 'last_page': '165'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10177', 'display_name': 'Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10177', 'display_name': 'Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11678', 'display_name': 'Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11388', 'display_name': 'Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health', 'score': 0.9806, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/miami', 'display_name': 'Miami', 'score': 0.8776256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wright', 'display_name': 'Wright', 'score': 0.5263713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics', 'display_name': 'Bioethics', 'score': 0.46949863}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2606647', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6827257', 'display_name': 'Miami', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8776256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777667586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8038170', 'display_name': 'Wright', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5263713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137403100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710', 'display_name': 'Ethnic group', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51784307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188084074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294', 'display_name': 'Bioethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46949863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3927803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74909509', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387', 'display_name': 'Gerontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36907387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36170906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33094913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26848304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24068397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18344975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52119013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637', 'display_name': 'Art history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12182894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016223', 'descriptor_name': 'Advance Directives', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005006', 'descriptor_name': 'Ethnicity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005065', 'descriptor_name': 'Euthanasia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D033101', 'descriptor_name': 'Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007722', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008020', 'descriptor_name': 'Life Support Care', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001741', 'descriptor_name': 'African Americans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005431', 'descriptor_name': 'Florida', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006630', 'descriptor_name': 'Hispanic or Latino', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008020', 'descriptor_name': 'Life Support Care', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D044465', 'descriptor_name': 'Whites', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028761', 'descriptor_name': 'Withholding Treatment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/jce199304207', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S73246074', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Clinical Ethics', 'issn_l': '1046-7890', 'issn': ['1046-7890', '1945-5879'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8334279', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.43}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1989190529', 'https://openalex.org/W2011862193', 'https://openalex.org/W2035131854', 'https://openalex.org/W2044987352', 'https://openalex.org/W2079659844', 'https://openalex.org/W2169762698', 'https://openalex.org/W2337048718', 'https://openalex.org/W2945438182', 'https://openalex.org/W4237795116'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4238016385', 'https://openalex.org/W4236633450', 'https://openalex.org/W3118362297', 'https://openalex.org/W3004666536', 'https://openalex.org/W2916267248', 'https://openalex.org/W2333391369', 'https://openalex.org/W2329373968', 'https://openalex.org/W2313367634', 'https://openalex.org/W2078772737', 'https://openalex.org/W1968631095'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessThe': [4], 'Influence': [5], 'of': [6, 30, 33, 50, 53, 65, 68, 111, 137, 163, 169, 198, 222, 236, 252, 270, 292, 306], 'Ethnicity': [7, 293], 'and': [8, 17, 25, 78, 154, 180, 218, 246, 265, 286, 297], 'Race': [9], 'on': [10, 109, 124, 294], 'Attitudes': [11, 221], 'toward': [12], 'Advance': [13, 165], 'Directives,': [14, 166], 'Life-Prolonging': [15], 'Treatments,': [16], 'EuthanasiaP.': [18], 'V.': [19, 28], 'Caralis,': [20], 'Bobbi': [21, 48], 'Davis,': [22], 'Karen': [23, 63], 'Wright,': [24], 'Eileen': [26, 79], 'MarcialP.': [27], 'CaralisUniversity': [29], 'Miami': [31, 39, 51, 66, 84], 'School': [32, 52, 67], 'Medicine;': [34], 'Veterans': [35], 'Affairs': [36, 81], 'Medical': [37, 82, 117], 'Center,': [38, 83], 'Search': [40, 55, 70, 85], 'for': [41, 56, 71, 86, 115], 'more': [42, 57, 72, 87], 'articles': [43, 58, 73, 88, 147], 'by': [44, 59, 74, 89, 102], 'this': [45, 60, 75, 90, 125, 149], 'author': [46, 61, 76, 91], ',': [47, 62, 77, 208, 211, 214, 217, 281, 285], 'DavisUniversity': [49], 'Medicine': [54, 69], 'WrightUniversity': [64], 'MarcialVeterans': [80], 'PDFPDF': [92], 'PLUS': [93], 'Add': [94], 'to': [95, 190], 'favoritesDownload': [96], 'CitationTrack': [97], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [98], 'Share': [99], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [100], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [101], 'Volume': [103], '4,': [104], 'Number': [105], '2Summer': [106], '1993': [107, 134], 'Published': [108], 'behalf': [110], 'the': [112, 145, 185], 'MacLean': [113], 'Center': [114], 'Clinical': [116, 170, 199, 226, 237, 271, 307], 'Ethics': [118, 171, 200, 238, 272, 308], 'Article': [119], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/JCE199304207': [120], 'Views:': [121], '13Total': [122], 'views': [123], 'site': [126], 'Citations:': [127], '5Citations': [128], 'are': [129], 'reported': [130], 'from': [131], 'Crossref': [132, 143], '©': [133], 'The': [135, 161, 167, 196, 234, 268, 290, 304], 'University': [136], 'Chicago.': [138], 'All': [139], 'rights': [140], 'reserved.PDF': [141], 'download': [142], 'reports': [144], 'following': [146], 'citing': [148], 'article:': [150], 'Elmer': [151, 181], 'D.': [152, 182], 'Abbo': [153, 183], 'Angelo': [155, 177], 'E.': [156, 178, 248], 'Volandes': [157, 179], 'A': [158, 187, 231, 250], 'Forced': [159], 'Choice:': [160], 'Value': [162], 'Requiring': [164], 'Journal': [168, 197, 235, 269, 305], '19,': [172], 'no.22': [173, 202, 274, 310], '(Dec': [174, 203, 241, 275, 311], '2022):': [175, 204, 242, 276, 312], '127–140.https://doi.org/10.1086/JCE200819204': [176], 'Flipping': [184], 'Default:': [186], 'Novel': [188], 'Approach': [189], 'Cardiopulmonary': [191], 'Resuscitation': [192], 'in': [193, 228, 300], 'End-Stage': [194], 'Dementia,': [195], '18,': [201], '122–139.https://doi.org/10.1086/JCE200718204': [205], 'Raymond': [206], 'Voltz': [207], 'Akira': [209], 'Akabayashi': [210], 'Carol': [212], 'Reese': [213], 'Gen': [215], 'Ohi': [216], 'Hans-Martin': [219], 'Sass': [220], 'Healthcare': [223, 253], 'Professionals': [224], 'Toward': [225], 'Decisions': [227], 'Palliative': [229], 'Care:': [230], 'Cross-Cultural': [232, 258], 'Comparison,': [233], '10,': [239], 'no.44': [240], '309–315.https://doi.org/10.1086/JCE199910406Kathleen': [243], 'A.': [244, 279], 'Culhane-Pera': [245], 'Dorothy': [247], 'Vawter': [249], 'Study': [251], 'Professionals’': [254], 'Perspectives': [255], 'about': [256], 'a': [257, 262], 'Ethical': [259], 'Conflict': [260], 'Involving': [261], 'Hmong': [263], 'Patient': [264], 'Her': [266], 'Family,': [267], '9,': [273], '179–190.https://doi.org/10.1086/JCE199809211': [277], 'James': [278], 'Tulsky': [280], 'Barrie': [282], 'R.': [283], 'Cassileth': [284], 'Charles': [287], 'L.': [288], 'Bennett': [289], 'Effect': [291], 'ICU': [295], 'Use': [296], 'DNR': [298], 'Orders': [299], 'Hospitalized': [301], 'AIDS': [302], 'Patients,': [303], '8,': [309], '150–157.https://doi.org/10.1086/JCE199708204': [313]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W37523438', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T10:53:25.919227', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}