Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W325000501', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7249/mg741-1', 'title': "How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa'ida", 'display_name': "How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa'ida", 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W325000501', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7249/mg741-1', 'mag': '325000501'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7249/mg741-1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG741-1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463832', 'display_name': 'RAND Corporation eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'book', 'type_crossref': 'edited-book', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG741-1.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074712439', 'display_name': 'Seth G. Jones', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1309849503', 'display_name': 'RAND Corporation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f2z7n96', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1309849503']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I95457486', 'display_name': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an7q238', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Seth Jones', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665', 'University of California, Berkeley.', 'University of Chicago.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1309849503']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Chicago.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Berkeley.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066932678', 'display_name': 'Martin C. Libicki', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1309849503', 'display_name': 'RAND Corporation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f2z7n96', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1309849503']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I95457486', 'display_name': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an7q238', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin Libicki', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665', 'University of California, Berkeley.', 'University of Chicago.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Chicago.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1309849503']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Berkeley.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015863457', 'display_name': 'Audrey Kurth Cronin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6889-3480'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I95457486', 'display_name': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an7q238', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1309849503', 'display_name': 'RAND Corporation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f2z7n96', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1309849503']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Audrey Cronin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665', 'University of California, Berkeley.', 'University of Chicago.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Berkeley.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Chicago.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1309849503']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 18.971, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 399, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999803, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10994', 'display_name': 'Terrorism and Radicalization Studies', 'score': 0.9803, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10994', 'display_name': 'Terrorism and Radicalization Studies', 'score': 0.9803, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism', 'display_name': 'Terrorism', 'score': 0.494009}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203133693', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283', 'display_name': 'Terrorism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9251002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6584087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.608622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779220109', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50000', 'display_name': 'Victory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5410553}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199776023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875', 'display_name': 'Negotiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48847523}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778069335', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098', 'display_name': 'Sanctions', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4747879}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4614244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39549134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080', 'display_name': 'Public relations', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3896003}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37328866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3116431', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728', 'display_name': 'Public administration', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33767262}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29897004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23911121}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7249/mg741-1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG741-1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463832', 'display_name': 'RAND Corporation eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7249/mg741-1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG741-1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463832', 'display_name': 'RAND Corporation eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.8, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 119, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W102224049', 'https://openalex.org/W116562457', 'https://openalex.org/W12254461', 'https://openalex.org/W14168872', 'https://openalex.org/W1442082519', 'https://openalex.org/W1478494204', 'https://openalex.org/W1502698198', 'https://openalex.org/W1504839700', 'https://openalex.org/W1507083915', 'https://openalex.org/W1511118900', 'https://openalex.org/W1520173167', 'https://openalex.org/W1520644074', 'https://openalex.org/W1522882421', 'https://openalex.org/W1533593992', 'https://openalex.org/W1533910733', 'https://openalex.org/W1538948494', 'https://openalex.org/W1567927484', 'https://openalex.org/W1583889366', 'https://openalex.org/W1589212945', 'https://openalex.org/W1597852491', 'https://openalex.org/W1606832568', 'https://openalex.org/W1686066606', 'https://openalex.org/W1709713553', 'https://openalex.org/W1720680656', 'https://openalex.org/W1969922354', 'https://openalex.org/W1975477103', 'https://openalex.org/W1980414159', 'https://openalex.org/W1983088309', 'https://openalex.org/W1997729400', 'https://openalex.org/W2001947157', 'https://openalex.org/W2002332327', 'https://openalex.org/W2002943253', 'https://openalex.org/W2004021355', 'https://openalex.org/W2023070763', 'https://openalex.org/W2025016959', 'https://openalex.org/W2034577557', 'https://openalex.org/W2040679031', 'https://openalex.org/W2045421406', 'https://openalex.org/W2052084800', 'https://openalex.org/W2053386260', 'https://openalex.org/W2055431933', 'https://openalex.org/W2057960814', 'https://openalex.org/W2066721184', 'https://openalex.org/W2069426409', 'https://openalex.org/W2075614127', 'https://openalex.org/W2077827396', 'https://openalex.org/W2078438988', 'https://openalex.org/W2079934938', 'https://openalex.org/W2098583846', 'https://openalex.org/W2109657820', 'https://openalex.org/W2112142960', 'https://openalex.org/W2126337958', 'https://openalex.org/W2130252397', 'https://openalex.org/W2132169512', 'https://openalex.org/W2143129316', 'https://openalex.org/W2151780178', 'https://openalex.org/W2157199617', 'https://openalex.org/W2163639320', 'https://openalex.org/W2166374795', 'https://openalex.org/W2172130436', 'https://openalex.org/W222691416', 'https://openalex.org/W2320480157', 'https://openalex.org/W2322668496', 'https://openalex.org/W2326788321', 'https://openalex.org/W2476004588', 'https://openalex.org/W2478646380', 'https://openalex.org/W2483379028', 'https://openalex.org/W2494093961', 'https://openalex.org/W2495501031', 'https://openalex.org/W261147617', 'https://openalex.org/W2782515954', 'https://openalex.org/W2782829792', 'https://openalex.org/W2800328549', 'https://openalex.org/W2801798415', 'https://openalex.org/W2802168896', 'https://openalex.org/W284894532', 'https://openalex.org/W2895423866', 'https://openalex.org/W2982510875', 'https://openalex.org/W3000024266', 'https://openalex.org/W3028491770', 'https://openalex.org/W3103750041', 'https://openalex.org/W3125629408', 'https://openalex.org/W361908262', 'https://openalex.org/W401556372', 'https://openalex.org/W4206248498', 'https://openalex.org/W4230274305', 'https://openalex.org/W4230377847', 'https://openalex.org/W4231111833', 'https://openalex.org/W4238322958', 'https://openalex.org/W4239141859', 'https://openalex.org/W4243825330', 'https://openalex.org/W4255388017', 'https://openalex.org/W4293715623', 'https://openalex.org/W4297212682', 'https://openalex.org/W4297941504', 'https://openalex.org/W4297953063', 'https://openalex.org/W4299881623', 'https://openalex.org/W4300440349', 'https://openalex.org/W4300670558', 'https://openalex.org/W4300841245', 'https://openalex.org/W4301030710', 'https://openalex.org/W4301197759', 'https://openalex.org/W4301375031', 'https://openalex.org/W4301464644', 'https://openalex.org/W4398297784', 'https://openalex.org/W587195672', 'https://openalex.org/W590070674', 'https://openalex.org/W591531263', 'https://openalex.org/W603398335', 'https://openalex.org/W606783974', 'https://openalex.org/W615162737', 'https://openalex.org/W621069673', 'https://openalex.org/W621146490', 'https://openalex.org/W627391261', 'https://openalex.org/W654690518', 'https://openalex.org/W654926107', 'https://openalex.org/W74800840', 'https://openalex.org/W823699367', 'https://openalex.org/W965833951'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4242243403', 'https://openalex.org/W2980119548', 'https://openalex.org/W2511431888', 'https://openalex.org/W2503213414', 'https://openalex.org/W2388235990', 'https://openalex.org/W2363315805', 'https://openalex.org/W2331277503', 'https://openalex.org/W2103744108', 'https://openalex.org/W2003463155', 'https://openalex.org/W1579717711'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'All': [0], 'terrorist': [1], 'groups': [2, 9], 'eventually': [3], 'end.': [4], 'But': [5], 'how?': [6], 'Most': [7], 'modern': [8], 'have': [10], 'ended': [11], 'because': [12], 'they': [13], 'joined': [14], 'the': [15, 54], 'political': [16], 'process': [17], 'or': [18, 25], 'local': [19], 'police': [20], 'and': [21, 38, 47], 'intelligence': [22], 'agencies': [23], 'arrested': [24], 'killed': [26], 'key': [27], 'members.': [28], 'This': [29], 'has': [30], 'significant': [31], 'implications': [32], 'for': [33], 'dealing': [34], 'with': [35], 'al': [36, 60], "Qa'ida": [37], 'suggests': [39], 'fundamentally': [40], 'rethinking': [41], 'post-9/11': [42], 'U.S.': [43, 57], 'counterterrorism': [44], 'strategy:': [45], 'Policing': [46], 'intelligence,': [48], 'not': [49], 'military': [50], 'force,': [51], 'should': [52], 'form': [53], 'backbone': [55], 'of': [56], 'efforts': [58], 'against': [59], "Qa'ida.": [61]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W325000501', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 32}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T00:30:32.586449', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}