Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3214025229', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-347-362', 'title': 'Religious policy of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in the Syrian vilayets of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909): methods and symbols', 'display_name': 'Religious policy of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in the Syrian vilayets of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909): methods and symbols', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-11-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3214025229', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-347-362', 'mag': '3214025229'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-347-362', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/download/29418/19993', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210197179', 'display_name': 'RUDN Journal of World History', 'issn_l': '2312-8127', 'issn': ['2312-8127', '2312-833X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312633', 'host_organization_name': "Peoples' Friendship University of Russia", 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312633'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ["Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/download/29418/19993', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061545388', 'display_name': 'Д.Р. Жантиев', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-6120'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150146', 'display_name': 'Moscow State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/050a13t43', 'country_code': 'TJ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150146']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19880235', 'display_name': 'Lomonosov Moscow State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010pmpe69', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19880235']}], 'countries': ['RU', 'TJ'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Dmitry Rustemovich Zhantiev', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Lomonosov Moscow State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Lomonosov Moscow State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150146', 'https://openalex.org/I19880235']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5061545388'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150146', 'https://openalex.org/I19880235'], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.703, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.749133, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 57, 'max': 67}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '347', 'last_page': '362'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10794', 'display_name': 'Islamic Studies and History', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10794', 'display_name': 'Islamic Studies and History', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13634', 'display_name': 'Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts', 'score': 0.9762, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13372', 'display_name': 'Archaeology and Historical Studies', 'score': 0.9727, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1204', 'display_name': 'Archeology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pasha', 'display_name': 'Pasha', 'score': 0.5037934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/caliphate', 'display_name': 'Caliphate', 'score': 0.49194595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/confessional', 'display_name': 'Confessional', 'score': 0.48173574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/patriotism', 'display_name': 'Patriotism', 'score': 0.43904424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/zionism', 'display_name': 'Zionism', 'score': 0.43660071}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/elite', 'display_name': 'Elite', 'score': 0.42309114}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4445939', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432', 'display_name': 'Islam', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71751606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48103436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031', 'display_name': 'State (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5380494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53681064}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195244886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493', 'display_name': 'Ancient history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5258297}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779470777', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184951', 'display_name': 'Pasha', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5037934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779595473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131401', 'display_name': 'Caliphate', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49194595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778738376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814658', 'display_name': 'Confessional', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48173574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4711313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158071213', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257', 'display_name': 'Ideology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44860768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776786559', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6241', 'display_name': 'Patriotism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43904424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58041660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42388', 'display_name': 'Zionism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43660071}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43499938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775987171', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797', 'display_name': 'Elite', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42309114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38298577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3493103}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33821395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12303954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-347-362', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/download/29418/19993', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210197179', 'display_name': 'RUDN Journal of World History', 'issn_l': '2312-8127', 'issn': ['2312-8127', '2312-833X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312633', 'host_organization_name': "Peoples' Friendship University of Russia", 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312633'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ["Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/0cde48052f6f4db0bea8868b81213113', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-347-362', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/download/29418/19993', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210197179', 'display_name': 'RUDN Journal of World History', 'issn_l': '2312-8127', 'issn': ['2312-8127', '2312-833X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312633', 'host_organization_name': "Peoples' Friendship University of Russia", 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312633'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ["Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.81, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1525317240', 'https://openalex.org/W1965807807', 'https://openalex.org/W2046655755', 'https://openalex.org/W2057781477', 'https://openalex.org/W2106366455', 'https://openalex.org/W2111508026', 'https://openalex.org/W2131764179', 'https://openalex.org/W2134839797', 'https://openalex.org/W2138397102', 'https://openalex.org/W220958740', 'https://openalex.org/W2604162266', 'https://openalex.org/W2604891613', 'https://openalex.org/W2915486205', 'https://openalex.org/W4232367534', 'https://openalex.org/W4233964333', 'https://openalex.org/W4387509519'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4391082163', 'https://openalex.org/W4252228246', 'https://openalex.org/W4247227255', 'https://openalex.org/W4220799757', 'https://openalex.org/W3123243216', 'https://openalex.org/W2914474463', 'https://openalex.org/W2626549182', 'https://openalex.org/W2602730118', 'https://openalex.org/W2520335755', 'https://openalex.org/W2472524358'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 47, 113, 162], 'author': [1, 114], 'examines': [2, 116], 'the': [3, 9, 19, 22, 29, 34, 40, 44, 69, 80, 84, 88, 91, 106, 111, 117, 123, 127, 137, 143, 155, 159, 166, 169, 183, 187, 190, 194, 198, 216, 227, 239, 245, 248], 'religious': [4, 85, 173], 'and': [5, 25, 33, 62, 77, 96, 100, 177, 179, 197, 226, 232], 'political': [6], 'course': [7], 'of': [8, 21, 31, 36, 43, 53, 72, 82, 87, 93, 102, 119, 122, 136, 158, 168, 189, 193, 200, 207, 230, 241, 244, 247], 'Ottoman': [10, 23, 45, 73, 195], 'Sultan': [11, 89, 138], 'Abdul': [12], 'Hamid': [13], 'II': [14], '(1876-1909),': [15], 'aimed': [16], 'at': [17], 'strengthening': [18, 83, 199], 'unity': [20, 243], 'state': [24, 170], 'society': [26], 'based': [27, 50, 211], 'on': [28, 51, 212], 'principles': [30], 'Islam,': [32], 'implementation': [35], 'this': [37], 'strategy': [38], 'in': [39, 60, 79, 182], 'Syrian': [41, 107, 184, 233], 'provinces': [42], 'Empire.': [46], 'research': [48, 58], 'is': [49, 66], 'reports': [52], 'contemporaries,': [54], 'as': [55, 57, 90, 132, 146, 148], 'well': [56, 147], 'works': [59], 'Russian': [61], 'English.': [63], 'Particular': [64], 'attention': [65], 'paid': [67], 'to': [68, 109, 142, 222], 'strategic': [70], 'role': [71, 118], 'Syria': [74, 203], '(including': [75], 'Lebanon': [76], 'Palestine)': [78], 'context': [81], 'authority': [86], 'caliph': [92], 'all': [94], 'Muslims': [95], 'recruiting': [97], 'prominent': [98], 'ideologues': [99], 'supporters': [101], 'Islamic': [103, 213, 242], 'traditionalism': [104], 'from': [105], 'vilayets': [108], 'serve': [110], 'Sultan.': [112], 'especially': [115], 'wo': [120], 'representatives': [121], 'Muslim': [124, 176], 'intellectual': [125], 'elite:': [126], 'Sufi': [128], 'sheikh': [129], 'Abu-l-Huda': [130], 'al-Sayyadi': [131], 'a': [133], 'close': [134], 'associate': [135], 'who': [139, 153], 'provided': [140], 'patronage': [141], 'conservative': [144], 'ulama,': [145], 'Ahmad': [149], 'Izzet': [150], 'Pasha': [151], 'al-Abid,': [152], 'became': [154], 'main': [156], 'inspirer': [157], 'Hejaz': [160], 'Railway.': [161], 'article': [163], 'also': [164], 'reveals': [165], 'features': [167], 'policy': [171], 'towards': [172], 'minorities': [174], '(both': [175], 'non-Muslim)': [178], 'migration': [180], 'processes': [181], 'provinces.': [185], 'With': [186], 'weakening': [188], 'international': [191], 'positions': [192], 'Empire': [196], 'foreign': [201], 'interference,': [202], 'set': [204], 'an': [205], 'example': [206], 'relatively': [208], 'successful': [209], 'modernization': [210], 'tradition.': [214], 'At': [215], 'same': [217], 'time,': [218], 'confessional': [219], 'identity': [220], 'continued': [221], 'dominate': [223], 'over': [224], 'ethnicity,': [225], 'emerging': [228], 'feelings': [229], 'Arab': [231], 'patriotism': [234], 'did': [235], 'not': [236], 'conflict': [237], 'with': [238], 'principle': [240], 'subjects': [246], 'Sultan-Caliph.': [249]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3214025229', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T01:40:36.591688', 'created_date': '2021-11-22'}