Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3209603403', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020', 'title': 'Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects', 'display_name': 'Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3209603403', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020', 'mag': '3209603403', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34756812'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53706017', 'display_name': 'Journal of Infection and Public Health', 'issn_l': '1876-0341', 'issn': ['1876-0341', '1876-035X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089080716', 'display_name': 'Tanvir Mahtab Uddin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-6865'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205746353', 'display_name': 'University of Dhaka', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05wv2vq37', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tanvir Mahtab Uddin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065581763', 'display_name': 'Arka Chakraborty', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-3208'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205746353', 'display_name': 'University of Dhaka', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05wv2vq37', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Arka Jyoti Chakraborty', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014407460', 'display_name': 'Ameer Khusro', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1663-3403'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ameer Khusro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088843547', 'display_name': 'BM Redwan Matin Zidan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205746353', 'display_name': 'University of Dhaka', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05wv2vq37', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'BM Redwan Matin Zidan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090875909', 'display_name': 'Saikat Mitra', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-0252'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205746353', 'display_name': 'University of Dhaka', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05wv2vq37', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Saikat Mitra', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205746353']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086715747', 'display_name': 'Talha Bin Emran', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-2272'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3132920206', 'display_name': 'BGC Trust University Bangladesh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05s2ecw65', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3132920206']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Talha Bin Emran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3132920206']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048647653', 'display_name': 'Kuldeep Dhama', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4752'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185790649', 'display_name': 'Indian Veterinary Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jcfzc36', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179420787', 'https://openalex.org/I185790649']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kuldeep Dhama', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185790649']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064959104', 'display_name': 'Md. Kamal Hossain Ripon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-0872'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I41173762', 'display_name': 'Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00gvj4587', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I41173762']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Md. Kamal Hossain Ripon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I41173762']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060711131', 'display_name': 'Márió Gajdács', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-0365'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I227486990', 'display_name': 'University of Szeged', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pnej532', 'country_code': 'HU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I227486990']}], 'countries': ['HU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Márió Gajdács', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I227486990']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037420294', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-4255'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I202376891', 'display_name': 'Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04dx2y384', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202376891']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I202376891']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076056592', 'display_name': 'Md. Jamal Hossain', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-207X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I138617543', 'display_name': 'State University of Bangladesh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01g14tq52', 'country_code': 'BD', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I138617543']}], 'countries': ['BD'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Md. Jamal Hossain', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I138617543']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051746822', 'display_name': 'Niranjan Koirala', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-1191'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I67702648', 'display_name': 'B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05et9pf90', 'country_code': 'NP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I67702648']}], 'countries': ['NP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Niranjan Koirala', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I67702648']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 5, 'institutions_distinct_count': 8, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5086715747', 'https://openalex.org/A5060711131'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3132920206', 'https://openalex.org/I227486990'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1250, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1250, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1250, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1250, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 11.787, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 495, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.36612, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '14', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '1750', 'last_page': '1766'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10147', 'display_name': 'Global Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1313', 'display_name': 'Molecular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10147', 'display_name': 'Global Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1313', 'display_name': 'Molecular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11048', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Evolution of Viruses in Ecosystems', 'score': 0.9968, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10419', 'display_name': 'Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments and Wastewater', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistant-bacteria', 'display_name': 'Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria', 'score': 0.536787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance', 'display_name': 'Antibiotic Resistance', 'score': 0.525943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance-genes', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Resistance Genes', 'score': 0.523203}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C501593827', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187', 'display_name': 'Antibiotics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8721069}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94665300', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344', 'display_name': 'Antibiotic resistance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.74559164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4937899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6269808}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51984674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114851261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416', 'display_name': 'Drug resistance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.436125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40273365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34598738}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001424', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Infections', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D024901', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000900', 'descriptor_name': 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000900', 'descriptor_name': 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000900', 'descriptor_name': 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001424', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018441', 'descriptor_name': 'Biofilms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53706017', 'display_name': 'Journal of Infection and Public Health', 'issn_l': '1876-0341', 'issn': ['1876-0341', '1876-035X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/f3842dc86f8e4b50a62bf8a81cbebd65', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/22772/1/1-s2.0-S1876034121003403.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/22772/1/1-s2.0-S1876034121003403.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400436', 'display_name': 'SZTE Publicatio Repozitórium (University of Szeged)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I227486990', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Szeged', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I227486990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Szeged'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://real.mtak.hu/147744/1/1-s2.0-S1876034121003403-main.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://real.mtak.hu/147744/1/1-s2.0-S1876034121003403-main.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400081', 'display_name': "Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)", 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140733', 'host_organization_name': 'Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140733'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34756812', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53706017', 'display_name': 'Journal of Infection and Public Health', 'issn_l': '1876-0341', 'issn': ['1876-0341', '1876-035X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life below water', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'score': 0.85}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 193, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1171942363', 'https://openalex.org/W1460840394', 'https://openalex.org/W1526896307', 'https://openalex.org/W1537034777', 'https://openalex.org/W1576187545', 'https://openalex.org/W1582926274', 'https://openalex.org/W1608544916', 'https://openalex.org/W1806619233', 'https://openalex.org/W1864055940', 'https://openalex.org/W192243001', 'https://openalex.org/W1964141703', 'https://openalex.org/W1966863313', 'https://openalex.org/W1967490251', 'https://openalex.org/W1971668211', 'https://openalex.org/W1981185465', 'https://openalex.org/W1982488247', 'https://openalex.org/W1986268392', 'https://openalex.org/W1989342781', 'https://openalex.org/W1996650392', 'https://openalex.org/W1997024468', 'https://openalex.org/W2002674919', 'https://openalex.org/W2003443439', 'https://openalex.org/W2006596001', 'https://openalex.org/W2010428513', 'https://openalex.org/W2010792073', 'https://openalex.org/W2010986636', 'https://openalex.org/W2014069105', 'https://openalex.org/W2018839795', 'https://openalex.org/W2022480099', 'https://openalex.org/W2024228476', 'https://openalex.org/W2027831845', 'https://openalex.org/W2028516946', 'https://openalex.org/W2031223726', 'https://openalex.org/W2037900484', 'https://openalex.org/W2045618634', 'https://openalex.org/W2047032063', 'https://openalex.org/W2047101765', 'https://openalex.org/W2056406352', 'https://openalex.org/W2056917379', 'https://openalex.org/W2060408697', 'https://openalex.org/W2062280978', 'https://openalex.org/W2073097129', 'https://openalex.org/W2079752712', 'https://openalex.org/W2080777238', 'https://openalex.org/W2081183202', 'https://openalex.org/W2081360912', 'https://openalex.org/W2087996087', 'https://openalex.org/W2093471017', 'https://openalex.org/W2094565909', 'https://openalex.org/W2094577070', 'https://openalex.org/W2097249034', 'https://openalex.org/W2097780578', 'https://openalex.org/W2098187995', 'https://openalex.org/W2108306069', 'https://openalex.org/W2112833584', 'https://openalex.org/W2115076532', 'https://openalex.org/W2119902463', 'https://openalex.org/W2123965484', 'https://openalex.org/W2138999913', 'https://openalex.org/W2140401638', 'https://openalex.org/W2140735648', 'https://openalex.org/W2143325926', 'https://openalex.org/W2143411881', 'https://openalex.org/W2143544264', 'https://openalex.org/W2143772974', 'https://openalex.org/W2145744900', 'https://openalex.org/W2145823384', 'https://openalex.org/W2146640185', 'https://openalex.org/W2169244146', 'https://openalex.org/W2173732482', 'https://openalex.org/W2199695484', 'https://openalex.org/W2207760002', 'https://openalex.org/W2235238101', 'https://openalex.org/W2239738725', 'https://openalex.org/W2273170195', 'https://openalex.org/W2274359377', 'https://openalex.org/W2284512747', 'https://openalex.org/W2298318901', 'https://openalex.org/W2305704688', 'https://openalex.org/W2316777574', 'https://openalex.org/W2329933071', 'https://openalex.org/W2332533458', 'https://openalex.org/W2333275146', 'https://openalex.org/W2340035224', 'https://openalex.org/W2341134505', 'https://openalex.org/W2397502912', 'https://openalex.org/W2402171825', 'https://openalex.org/W2411279378', 'https://openalex.org/W2416290591', 'https://openalex.org/W2418036698', 'https://openalex.org/W2430333903', 'https://openalex.org/W2434521120', 'https://openalex.org/W2436335686', 'https://openalex.org/W2443681954', 'https://openalex.org/W2463871935', 'https://openalex.org/W2498876603', 'https://openalex.org/W2509693354', 'https://openalex.org/W2516002679', 'https://openalex.org/W2516012891', 'https://openalex.org/W2518579334', 'https://openalex.org/W2530012524', 'https://openalex.org/W2552637961', 'https://openalex.org/W2558465780', 'https://openalex.org/W2558937267', 'https://openalex.org/W2560081268', 'https://openalex.org/W2560211500', 'https://openalex.org/W2560421781', 'https://openalex.org/W2575587885', 'https://openalex.org/W2587678577', 'https://openalex.org/W2593444269', 'https://openalex.org/W2603725361', 'https://openalex.org/W2603755876', 'https://openalex.org/W2605699627', 'https://openalex.org/W2608084729', 'https://openalex.org/W2619419024', 'https://openalex.org/W2623351557', 'https://openalex.org/W2727386932', 'https://openalex.org/W2731981206', 'https://openalex.org/W2735330212', 'https://openalex.org/W2740609385', 'https://openalex.org/W2741628575', 'https://openalex.org/W2750290685', 'https://openalex.org/W2753382261', 'https://openalex.org/W2755440815', 'https://openalex.org/W2757149127', 'https://openalex.org/W2760559828', 'https://openalex.org/W2763276883', 'https://openalex.org/W2765335396', 'https://openalex.org/W2766738717', 'https://openalex.org/W2774091409', 'https://openalex.org/W2781967430', 'https://openalex.org/W2791729250', 'https://openalex.org/W2794891594', 'https://openalex.org/W2795569252', 'https://openalex.org/W2796257797', 'https://openalex.org/W2801452964', 'https://openalex.org/W2804539667', 'https://openalex.org/W2811512821', 'https://openalex.org/W2892679831', 'https://openalex.org/W2899955710', 'https://openalex.org/W2901667615', 'https://openalex.org/W2903347362', 'https://openalex.org/W2903381708', 'https://openalex.org/W2903909400', 'https://openalex.org/W2906779965', 'https://openalex.org/W2909135904', 'https://openalex.org/W2910246763', 'https://openalex.org/W2910979341', 'https://openalex.org/W2911495597', 'https://openalex.org/W2912354751', 'https://openalex.org/W2912511769', 'https://openalex.org/W2913450144', 'https://openalex.org/W2917535482', 'https://openalex.org/W2919520691', 'https://openalex.org/W2938893965', 'https://openalex.org/W2941444136', 'https://openalex.org/W2941470223', 'https://openalex.org/W2951563276', 'https://openalex.org/W2968322804', 'https://openalex.org/W2968737661', 'https://openalex.org/W2970603088', 'https://openalex.org/W2979352475', 'https://openalex.org/W2982088703', 'https://openalex.org/W2982531601', 'https://openalex.org/W2990174871', 'https://openalex.org/W2995081665', 'https://openalex.org/W2997727609', 'https://openalex.org/W2999815255', 'https://openalex.org/W3001399149', 'https://openalex.org/W3004522408', 'https://openalex.org/W3004733886', 'https://openalex.org/W3005162891', 'https://openalex.org/W3005229767', 'https://openalex.org/W3016589929', 'https://openalex.org/W3026412946', 'https://openalex.org/W3033388766', 'https://openalex.org/W3080366342', 'https://openalex.org/W3084592217', 'https://openalex.org/W3092127899', 'https://openalex.org/W3094089973', 'https://openalex.org/W3108784213', 'https://openalex.org/W3117351681', 'https://openalex.org/W3122690812', 'https://openalex.org/W3130788296', 'https://openalex.org/W3159592417', 'https://openalex.org/W3180533941', 'https://openalex.org/W3195126226', 'https://openalex.org/W4241111610', 'https://openalex.org/W4251147735', 'https://openalex.org/W4394186671', 'https://openalex.org/W60163723', 'https://openalex.org/W83323146', 'https://openalex.org/W84733630'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4320037900', 'https://openalex.org/W4297123388', 'https://openalex.org/W4226193097', 'https://openalex.org/W4221083638', 'https://openalex.org/W3152803520', 'https://openalex.org/W3032187068', 'https://openalex.org/W2955020749', 'https://openalex.org/W2507683919', 'https://openalex.org/W2076505260', 'https://openalex.org/W2029063045'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Antibiotics': [0, 59], 'have': [1, 18, 35, 145], 'been': [2, 20, 37], 'used': [3, 21, 62], 'to': [4, 40, 63, 173], 'cure': [5], 'bacterial': [6, 66], 'infections': [7, 49], 'for': [8, 22], 'more': [9, 139], 'than': [10, 96], '70': [11], 'years,': [12], 'and': [13, 77, 83, 112, 126, 163, 170], 'these': [14], 'low-molecular-weight': [15], 'bioactive': [16], 'agents': [17], 'also': [19, 131], 'a': [23, 38, 113], 'variety': [24], 'of': [25, 46, 80, 99, 116, 122, 150, 154, 158, 160, 165], 'other': [26], 'medicinal': [27, 124], 'applications.': [28], 'In': [29, 141], 'the': [30, 57, 91, 120, 175], 'battle': [31], 'against': [32], 'microbes,': [33], 'antibiotics': [34, 151, 155], 'certainly': [36], 'blessing': [39], 'human': [41], 'civilization': [42], 'by': [43, 51, 133], 'saving': [44], 'millions': [45], 'lives.': [47], 'Globally,': [48], 'caused': [50], 'multidrug-resistant': [52], '(MDR)': [53], 'bacteria': [54], 'are': [55, 60, 87, 103], 'on': [56], 'rise.': [58], 'being': [61], 'combat': [64], 'diversified': [65], 'infections.': [67], 'Synthetic': [68], 'biology': [69], 'techniques,': [70, 111], 'in': [71, 168], 'combination': [72], 'with': [73], 'molecular,': [74], 'functional': [75], 'genomic,': [76], 'metagenomic': [78], 'studies': [79], 'bacteria,': [81, 169], 'plants,': [82], 'even': [84], 'marine': [85], 'invertebrates': [86], 'aimed': [88], 'at': [89], 'unlocking': [90], "world's": [92], 'natural': [93], 'products': [94], 'faster': [95], 'previous': [97], 'methods': [98], 'antibiotic': [100, 166], 'discovery.': [101], 'There': [102], 'currently': [104], 'only': [105], 'few': [106], 'viable': [107], 'remedies,': [108], 'potential': [109], 'preventive': [110], 'limited': [114], 'number': [115], 'antibiotics,': [117, 161], 'thereby': [118], 'necessitating': [119], 'discovery': [121], 'innovative': [123], 'approaches': [125], 'antimicrobial': [127, 177], 'therapies.': [128], 'MDR': [129], 'is': [130], 'facilitated': [132], 'biofilms,': [134], 'which': [135], 'makes': [136], 'infection': [137], 'control': [138], 'complex.': [140], 'this': [142], 'review,': [143], 'we': [144], 'spotlighted': [146], 'comprehensively': [147], 'various': [148], 'aspects': [149], 'viz.': [152], 'overview': [153], 'era,': [156], 'mode': [157], 'actions': [159], 'development': [162], 'mechanisms': [164], 'resistance': [167], 'future': [171], 'strategies': [172], 'fight': [174], 'emerging': [176], 'resistant': [178], 'threat.': [179]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3209603403', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 216}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 204}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 57}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T16:13:14.323553', 'created_date': '2021-11-08'}