Title: POSSIBLE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS CLUSTER IN THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC REGION
Abstract: Modern economic conditions for the development of the Black Sea economic region require the search for fundamentally new forms of management. In view of this, the problem of creating a transport and logistics cluster and determining its possible organizational and legal forms becomes especially relevant. The article, based on the analysis of current legislation, shows that currently no attention is paid to the creation and operation of the transport and logistics cluster in the Black Sea economic region. But from the point of view of perspective development clustering should be considered as a key direction of transformation of regional transport and logistic system. The study identified the features and differences of the cluster from other organizational and legal forms of associations of enterprises, which are as follows: its activities do not determine the special features of government (unlike corporations and concerns); this cluster structure has a permanent nature of activity (unlike consortia); is created not only for the purpose of constant coordination of economic activity of the enterprises (unlike associations). Transport and logistics cluster can be created, according to Art. 63 of the Commercial Code of Ukraine, as: a communal enterprise operating on the basis of communal property of territorial communities; a joint communal enterprise operating on a contractual basis of joint financing by the respective territorial communities – subjects of cooperation. It is proposed to make changes and additions to the Concept of creating clusters in Ukraine, the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, Strategies of balanced regional development of Mykolaiv, Odessa and Kherson regions for 2027 to create a transport and logistics cluster as a business entity. It is expedient to develop and approve the Concept of Cluster Policy of the Black Sea Economic Region and the Target Program “Formation and Development of Clusters in the Black Sea Economic Region for 2027”, which should provide for the creation of transport and logistics clusters as a special type of enterprise associations.