Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3202431976', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg005814', 'title': 'Upscaling Net Ecosystem Exchange Over Heterogeneous Landscapes With Machine Learning', 'display_name': 'Upscaling Net Ecosystem Exchange Over Heterogeneous Landscapes With Machine Learning', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-12-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3202431976', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg005814', 'mag': '3202431976'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg005814', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2020JG005814', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210238840', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences', 'issn_l': '2169-8953', 'issn': ['2169-8953', '2169-8961'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2020JG005814', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072140829', 'display_name': 'Oliver Reitz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8631'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'display_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xfq0f34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'O. Reitz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067966142', 'display_name': 'Alexander Graf', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4870-7622'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I171892758', 'display_name': 'Forschungszentrum Jülich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02nv7yv05', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1305996414', 'https://openalex.org/I171892758']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Graf', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I171892758']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026727871', 'display_name': 'Marius Schmidt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-7092'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I171892758', 'display_name': 'Forschungszentrum Jülich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02nv7yv05', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1305996414', 'https://openalex.org/I171892758']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Schmidt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I171892758']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019709852', 'display_name': 'Gunnar Ketzler', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-9966'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'display_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xfq0f34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. Ketzler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005370766', 'display_name': 'Michael Leuchner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-2622'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'display_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xfq0f34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Leuchner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5072140829'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3700, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3700, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 3700, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3700, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 2.783, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 45, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.737443, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '126', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10266', 'display_name': 'Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10266', 'display_name': 'Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11588', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9936, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sink', 'display_name': 'Sink (geography)', 'score': 0.5045687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-scales', 'display_name': 'Temporal scales', 'score': 0.4525168}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6843897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169258074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748', 'display_name': 'Random forest', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67019165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C35187779', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5336709', 'display_name': 'Eddy covariance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.58422023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143050476', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194502', 'display_name': 'Sink (geography)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5045687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33283694', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131316', 'display_name': 'Deciduous', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49491543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776133958', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366', 'display_name': 'Vegetation (pathology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45976725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777489503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936', 'display_name': 'Temporal scales', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4525168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110872660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813', 'display_name': 'Ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44652796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68709404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475', 'display_name': 'Flux (metallurgy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43211207}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778755073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537', 'display_name': 'Scale (ratio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43114886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73935091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329', 'display_name': 'Forest ecology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41343206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17804384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17132926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1561324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58640448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515', 'display_name': 'Cartography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10502654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09518209}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg005814', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2020JG005814', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210238840', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences', 'issn_l': '2169-8953', 'issn': ['2169-8953', '2169-8961'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/8734', 'pdf_url': 'https://e-docs.geo-leo.de/bitstream/11858/8734/1/JGRG_JGRG21800.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196338', 'display_name': 'Geo-Leo e-docs (Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210097468', 'host_organization_name': 'Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097468'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg005814', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2020JG005814', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210238840', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences', 'issn_l': '2169-8953', 'issn': ['2169-8953', '2169-8961'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.77}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 68, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1513919779', 'https://openalex.org/W1517128324', 'https://openalex.org/W1578420110', 'https://openalex.org/W18678914', 'https://openalex.org/W1943674249', 'https://openalex.org/W1971072691', 'https://openalex.org/W1984227167', 'https://openalex.org/W1998130137', 'https://openalex.org/W2002908628', 'https://openalex.org/W2007448094', 'https://openalex.org/W2010137691', 'https://openalex.org/W2018061754', 'https://openalex.org/W2018096008', 'https://openalex.org/W2027196732', 'https://openalex.org/W2048661621', 'https://openalex.org/W2050728582', 'https://openalex.org/W2056435747', 'https://openalex.org/W2086373815', 'https://openalex.org/W2087304024', 'https://openalex.org/W2088860534', 'https://openalex.org/W2089743635', 'https://openalex.org/W2091101806', 'https://openalex.org/W2098020412', 'https://openalex.org/W2098450420', 'https://openalex.org/W2100965054', 'https://openalex.org/W2103682362', 'https://openalex.org/W2116354461', 'https://openalex.org/W2117897510', 'https://openalex.org/W2122512121', 'https://openalex.org/W2126479957', 'https://openalex.org/W2128288508', 'https://openalex.org/W2137336591', 'https://openalex.org/W2139086914', 'https://openalex.org/W2142967622', 'https://openalex.org/W2155925556', 'https://openalex.org/W2157659866', 'https://openalex.org/W2161548576', 'https://openalex.org/W2168284104', 'https://openalex.org/W2298779432', 'https://openalex.org/W2338318698', 'https://openalex.org/W2342457174', 'https://openalex.org/W2520863096', 'https://openalex.org/W2544497980', 'https://openalex.org/W2557469889', 'https://openalex.org/W2560136348', 'https://openalex.org/W2566966155', 'https://openalex.org/W2591674106', 'https://openalex.org/W273955616', 'https://openalex.org/W2760979952', 'https://openalex.org/W2773188111', 'https://openalex.org/W2784064024', 'https://openalex.org/W2785822431', 'https://openalex.org/W2786315765', 'https://openalex.org/W2793526675', 'https://openalex.org/W2911964244', 'https://openalex.org/W2913061600', 'https://openalex.org/W2913963116', 'https://openalex.org/W2942513535', 'https://openalex.org/W2972629016', 'https://openalex.org/W2975233450', 'https://openalex.org/W2978485176', 'https://openalex.org/W2987883775', 'https://openalex.org/W3040739689', 'https://openalex.org/W3082997689', 'https://openalex.org/W3163617311', 'https://openalex.org/W4375821555', 'https://openalex.org/W4399641240', 'https://openalex.org/W642227592'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4241747271', 'https://openalex.org/W2917147847', 'https://openalex.org/W2890767331', 'https://openalex.org/W2351775070', 'https://openalex.org/W2089213897', 'https://openalex.org/W2039232738', 'https://openalex.org/W2036516660', 'https://openalex.org/W1982592462', 'https://openalex.org/W1973784066', 'https://openalex.org/W1970889497'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'This': [1], 'paper': [2], 'discusses': [3], 'different': [4, 56], 'feature': [5, 93], 'selection': [6], 'methods': [7], 'and': [8, 48, 65, 75, 82, 99, 168, 185, 198], 'CO': [9, 30, 134, 145, 193, 211], '2': [10, 31, 135, 146, 194, 212], 'flux': [11, 104], 'data': [12, 62, 68, 105, 228], 'sets': [13, 229], 'with': [14], 'a': [15, 23, 80, 91, 144, 192, 207], 'varying': [16], 'quality‐quantity': [17], 'balance': [18], 'for': [19, 38], 'the': [20, 39, 73, 88, 125, 131, 140, 149, 189, 202, 231], 'application': [21], 'of': [22, 55, 90, 102, 133, 139, 210], 'Random': [24, 203], 'Forest': [25, 204], 'model': [26, 74, 205], 'to': [27, 71, 95, 107, 180, 222], 'predict': [28], 'daily': [29], 'fluxes': [32], 'at': [33, 230], '250': [34], 'm': [35, 158], 'spatial': [36, 81, 115], 'resolution': [37], 'Rur': [40], 'catchment': [41, 141, 190], 'area': [42], 'in': [43, 182, 196, 220], 'western': [44], 'Germany': [45], 'between': [46], '2010': [47], '2018.': [49], 'Measurements': [50], 'from': [51, 63], 'eddy': [52], 'covariance': [53], 'stations': [54], 'ecosystem': [57, 226], 'types,': [58], 'remotely': [59], 'sensed': [60], 'vegetation': [61], 'MODIS,': [64], 'COSMO‐REA6': [66], 'reanalysis': [67], 'were': [69, 77, 170], 'used': [70], 'train': [72], 'predictions': [76], 'validated': [78], 'by': [79, 123], 'temporal': [83, 121], 'validation': [84], 'scheme.': [85], 'Results': [86], 'show': [87, 113], 'capabilities': [89], 'backwards': [92], 'elimination': [94], 'remove': [96], 'irrelevant': [97], 'variables': [98], 'an': [100], 'importance': [101], 'high‐quality‐low‐quantity': [103], 'set': [106], 'improve': [108], 'predictions.': [109], 'However,': [110], 'results': [111], 'also': [112], 'that': [114], 'prediction': [116, 122], 'is': [117], 'more': [118], 'difficult': [119], 'than': [120], 'reflecting': [124], 'mean': [126], 'value': [127], 'accurately': [128], 'though': [129, 214], 'underestimating': [130], 'variance': [132], 'fluxes.': [136], 'Vegetated': [137], 'parts': [138], 'acted': [142], 'as': [143], 'sink': [147], 'during': [148], 'investigation': [150], 'period,': [151], 'net': [152, 225], 'capturing': [153], 'about': [154], '237': [155], 'g': [156], 'C': [157], '−2': [159], 'y': [160], '−1': [161], '.': [162], 'Croplands,': [163], 'coniferous': [164], 'forests,': [165], 'deciduous': [166], 'forests': [167], 'grasslands': [169], 'all': [171], 'sinks': [172], 'on': [173], 'average.': [174], 'The': [175], 'highest': [176], 'uptake': [177], 'was': [178, 191], 'predicted': [179, 206], 'occur': [181], 'late': [183], 'spring': [184], 'early': [186], 'summer,': [187], 'while': [188], 'source': [195], 'fall': [197], 'winter.': [199], 'In': [200], 'conclusion,': [201], 'narrower': [208], 'distribution': [209], 'fluxes,': [213], 'our': [215], 'methodological': [216], 'improvements': [217], 'look': [218], 'promising': [219], 'order': [221], 'achieve': [223], 'high‐resolution': [224], 'exchange': [227], 'regional': [232], 'scale.': [233]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3202431976', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T02:21:49.258439', 'created_date': '2021-10-11'}