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1074, 1098, 1187, 1356, 1492, 1502, 1605, 1620, 1678, 1766, 1838, 1918, 1935, 1972, 2138, 2159, 2218, 2232, 2248, 2276, 2482, 2490, 2579, 2582, 2615, 2628, 2645, 2650, 2684, 2708, 2732, 2946, 2954, 3049, 3076, 3095, 3236, 3281, 3315, 3320, 3338, 3398, 3405, 3439, 3473, 3517, 3598, 3618, 3654, 3760], 'favoritesDownload': [334], 'CitationsTrack': [335], 'Citations': [336], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinked': [337], 'InEmail': [338], 'Intermolecular': [339], 'hydrogen': [340, 407, 421, 601, 646, 707, 774, 969, 1050, 1249, 1942, 1957, 2019, 2065, 2156, 2239, 2280, 2314, 2379, 2418, 2467, 2530, 2612, 3343, 3410, 3570], 'bonding': [341, 408, 422, 602, 647, 775, 970, 1051, 1943, 1958, 2020, 2066, 2240, 2315, 2468, 2531, 3344, 3411, 3571], 'among': [342], 'urea': [343, 370, 382, 609, 649, 777, 888, 907, 1122, 1705, 2326, 2907, 2948, 3269, 3399, 3413], 'units': [344, 650, 908, 1706, 1739, 1853, 1947, 2908, 3400, 3414], 'grants': [345], 'prominent': [346], 'mechanical': [347], 'strength': [348], 'polyurea': [350, 633, 1483], 'elastomer': [351, 634], 'materials.': [352], 'However,': [353, 626, 709, 874, 1029, 2654, 3143], 'such': [354, 3167], 'interactions': [355, 2006], 'can': [356, 435, 695, 758, 1056, 1210, 2170, 2283, 2507, 2606, 2744, 3715], 'cause': [357], 'significant': [358, 3168, 3232], 'solubility': [359, 654, 1077, 1625], 'problems': [360], 'when': [361, 2777], 'synthesizing': [362], 'oligourea': [363, 517, 637, 720, 800, 882, 992, 1080, 3656], 'macrocycles': [364, 377, 400, 475, 518, 538, 612, 638, 658, 765, 784, 858, 883, 901, 993, 1009, 1037, 1115, 1143, 1168, 1184, 1209, 1276, 1430, 1494, 1520, 1701, 1775, 1884, 2110, 2169, 2485, 2496, 2542, 2735, 2766, 2799, 2870, 2886, 3007, 3211, 3327, 3357, 3374, 3525, 3532, 3604, 3616, 3635, 3657], 'a': [366, 387, 393, 491, 512, 523, 540, 669, 701, 808, 828, 877, 892, 1002, 1058, 1147, 1191, 1199, 1232, 1368, 1385, 1544, 1553, 1585, 1614, 1716, 1720, 1728, 1828, 1974, 1984, 1997, 2057, 2130, 2173, 2249, 2289, 2479, 2647, 2911, 3053, 3174, 3307, 3385, 3509, 3519, 3562, 3593, 3621, 3659, 3670, 3694], 'large': [367, 516, 3675], 'number': [368, 1119, 2905], 'units,': [371, 889, 2949], 'it': [373, 918, 1499], 'remains': [374], 'unknown': [375, 910], 'for': [376, 391, 427, 497, 580, 749, 795, 814, 834, 988, 1021, 1062, 1224, 1290, 1463, 1479, 1663, 1797, 2027, 2046, 2075, 2092, 2107, 2143, 2198, 2205, 2360, 2388, 2397, 2461, 2585, 3032, 3120, 3149, 3290, 3686, 3752, 3786, 3845, 3917], 'containing': [378], 'more': [379, 830, 904, 1603, 3093], 'than': [380, 905], 'six': [381, 906, 2133], 'units.': [383, 1123], 'Here,': [384], 'we': [385, 1044, 1095, 1631, 1763, 1793, 2303, 2499, 2643, 2824, 3230, 3256, 3302, 3514, 3649, 3726, 3768], 'demonstrate': [386, 2371], 'two-step,': [388, 1268, 3510], 'modular': [389, 1269, 2480, 3511, 3555, 3660], 'strategy': [390, 987, 1270, 2481, 2506], 'making': [392, 515, 1272, 1480, 3674], 'new': [394, 3671], 'class': [395], 'tetraurea': [397, 454, 764, 783, 857, 1008, 1138, 1183, 1273, 1429, 1519, 1725, 1752, 1774, 1824, 1883, 1905, 1980, 2109, 2168, 2484, 2541, 2652, 2656, 2727, 2742, 2830, 2916, 3522, 3590, 3615], 'octaurea': [399, 462, 502, 1114, 1142, 1208, 1227, 1275, 2734, 2765, 2770, 2798, 2832, 2848, 2869, 2928, 3006, 3019, 3025, 3047, 3210, 3317, 3356, 3524, 3600, 3634], 'using': [401, 870, 1146, 1404, 1695, 1777, 2567, 3425, 3508, 3697], 'commercially': [402, 839, 1108, 1522, 2568], 'available': [403, 840, 1109, 1415, 1523, 2569, 3782], 'building': [404, 841, 1110, 1524, 1641, 1782, 1805, 2570, 2681, 3529], 'blocks.': [405, 1642, 1783, 3530], 'Intramolecular': [406], 'within': [409, 3275, 3345], 'fundamental': [411, 541], 'o-phenylene': [412, 923, 1243, 3748], 'bis(urea)': [413, 924, 957, 998, 1017, 1054, 1068, 1244, 1437, 1710, 1738, 1852, 1946, 2207, 2228, 2273, 2318, 2399, 2808, 3347, 3538, 3574, 3749], 'unit': [414, 925, 958, 999, 1018, 1055, 1069, 2208, 2229, 2274, 2319, 2400, 3539], 'is': [415, 495, 539, 676, 1163, 1222, 1261, 1500, 1592, 1618, 1755, 1854, 1885, 1994, 2152, 2186, 2230, 2241, 2347, 2375, 2440, 2526, 2951, 3074, 3108, 3134, 3147, 3160, 3349, 3557, 3578, 3750, 3758, 3781], 'key': [417, 680, 2707], 'overcoming': [419], 'intermolecular': [420, 645], 'form': [424, 1973, 2874, 3636], 'favorable': [425, 2309], 'conformations': [426], 'ring-closure': [428, 559, 670, 684, 836, 1027, 1609, 2285, 3753], 'reactions.': [429], 'The': [430, 535, 1124, 1267, 1283, 1431, 1724, 1807, 1832, 1879, 2042, 2071, 2458, 2877, 2985, 3351, 3450, 3576, 3614, 3807], 'size': [431], 'monomer': [433, 528, 578, 1173, 1281, 1292, 1769, 1845, 2805, 3536, 3664], 'sequences': [434, 579, 1174, 1294, 1770], 'be': [436, 696, 2508, 2607, 2629, 2663, 2705, 2745, 3716], 'controlled': [437], 'by': [438, 478, 698, 705, 994, 1263, 1559, 1564, 1667, 1714, 1776, 1785, 1815, 1888, 1911, 1996, 2017, 2056, 2154, 2377, 2528, 2609, 2842, 3173, 3240, 3364, 3559, 3568, 3640, 3718, 3819], 'varying': [439, 2402], 'flexibility': [441], 'spacers.': [444, 2822, 3553], 'Rigid': [445], 'diphenyl': [446, 449, 731, 1126, 1131, 1233, 1717, 1721, 1733, 1848, 2696, 2699, 2816, 2820, 3122, 3545, 3582, 3585], 'methylene': [447, 1127, 1234, 1718, 1734, 2697, 2817, 3583], 'ether': [450, 732, 1132, 1452, 1722, 1849, 1917, 2821, 2860, 3123, 3546, 3586], 'linkers': [451], 'selectively': [452, 1136], 'afford': [453, 1137, 2726], 'macrocycles,': [455, 801, 1139, 2771, 2917, 3407, 3591], 'whereas': [456, 1750], 'flexible': [458, 728, 809, 1148, 2648, 3594], 'hexylene': [459, 1149, 1460, 2660, 2811, 3550, 3595], 'linker': [460, 1152], 'produces': [461, 1579], 'macrocycles.': [463, 721, 754, 2147, 2929, 3601, 3733], 'encoded': [465, 1278, 2658], 'two': [467, 505, 887, 1105, 1212, 1595, 1700, 1708, 1759, 1931, 1960, 2068, 2140, 2521, 2680, 2768, 2797, 2810, 2815, 2819, 2918, 2932, 3009, 3087, 3098, 3105, 3131, 3141, 3157, 3205, 3216, 3642], 'different': [468, 1405, 1444, 1505, 1778, 3606], 'spacers': [469, 733, 1135, 1442, 1735, 2703, 3107, 3587], 'were': [470, 785, 1096, 1302, 1319, 1339, 1354, 1382, 1909, 2543, 2595, 2775, 2875, 3361, 3458, 3702, 3739], 'also': [471, 786, 820, 1965, 2105, 2337, 3703, 3765], 'made.': [472], 'All': [473, 1300, 1316, 1410, 2166, 2362, 3388], 'these': [474, 710, 799, 1084, 1167, 1882, 2363, 2626, 2679, 2796, 2931, 3355], 'are': [476, 639, 819, 832, 1038, 1144, 1169, 1185, 1295, 1414, 1476, 1602, 1712, 1740, 1764, 2024, 2090, 2104, 2136, 2355, 2365, 2564, 2921, 2934, 3030, 3118, 3164, 3171, 3279, 3288, 3313, 3396, 3471, 3515], 'confirmed': [477, 1887, 3363], 'X-ray': [479, 1379, 1425, 2037, 2082, 2761, 2879, 3002, 3801], 'diffraction': [480, 1380, 1426, 2762, 2880, 3802], 'structural': [481, 1293, 2039], 'analysis': [482, 1395, 2291, 2385], 'complexed': [485, 1893, 2073, 2873, 3203, 3352], 'forms': [486, 1894, 1956], 'sulfate': [488, 507, 1189, 1196, 1213, 1897, 1932, 1954, 1970, 2069, 2072, 2141, 2150, 2163, 2179, 2555, 2872, 2919, 2943, 3010, 3050, 3217, 3359, 3382, 3607, 3619, 3643], 'anions.': [489, 508, 2070, 2537], 'Interestingly,': [490, 1181, 2148], 'unique': [492, 997, 1219, 3637, 3747], '"figure-eight"': [493, 3018, 3055, 3192], 'structure': [494, 1837, 1988, 2054, 2161, 3146, 3193], 'observed': [496, 1223, 1794, 2106, 2137, 2305, 2825, 3119, 3231], 'complex': [499, 1906, 2045, 2960, 3060], 'MUH': [501, 1226, 2772, 2991, 3021, 3046, 3151, 3371], 'macrocycle': [503, 1228, 1674, 1688, 1754, 1834, 1867, 1937, 1981, 2221, 2657, 2728, 2849, 3152, 3202, 3221, 3239], 'encapsulated': [506, 2922, 3012], 'Our': [509], 'study': [510, 3199], 'shows': [511, 940, 1835, 2311, 3061], 'paradigm': [513, 3667], 'designer': [520, 3684], 'properties': [521, 3609, 3685], 'in': [522, 617, 716, 741, 862, 942, 1104, 1190, 1198, 1202, 1215, 1398, 1416, 1543, 1574, 1581, 1653, 1692, 1742, 1812, 1868, 1989, 2030, 2182, 2316, 2406, 2520, 2597, 2750, 2871, 2910, 2923, 2961, 2977, 3013, 3052, 3111, 3139, 3197, 3328, 3384, 3572, 3610, 3620, 3645, 3658, 3773, 3926], 'programable': [524], 'manner': [525, 3661], 'tunable': [527, 3663], 'sequences.': [529, 1282], 'Download': [530, 532, 1310, 1312, 1532, 1534, 2097, 2099, 2471, 2473, 3037, 3039, 3502, 3504], 'figure': [531, 1311, 1533, 2098, 2472, 3038, 3503], 'PowerPoint': [533, 1313, 1535, 2100, 2474, 3040, 3505], 'Introduction': [534], 'synthesis': [536, 855, 990, 1034, 1517, 3556], 'challenge': [542], 'because': [543, 643, 1594, 1731, 3379], 'their': [545, 661, 2183, 3646], 'entropically': [546], 'disfavored': [547], 'nature': [548, 603], 'competition': [550], 'from': [551, 598, 724, 838, 1107, 1321, 1455, 1521, 1622, 2486, 2545, 2577, 2666, 2747, 2994, 3234, 3340, 3437, 3526], 'side': [552], 'reactions': [553, 685, 1760, 2627, 3754], '(oligomerization': [554], 'polymerization)': [556], 'during': [557, 3187], 'processes.1': [560], 'Through': [561], 'elegant': [562], 'molecular': [563, 584, 591], 'designs': [564], 'synthetic': [566, 913, 3512, 3792], 'methodologies,2,3': [567], 'various': [568, 1639], 'macrocyclic': [569, 1100, 3676, 3790], 'structures': [570, 1427, 1890, 2074, 2103, 2460, 2763, 2881, 3004, 3353], 'have': [571, 613, 712, 1010, 3375], 'been': [572, 714, 1011, 3195], 'made': [573, 1170, 2566], 'engineered': [575], 'specific': [577, 1172, 1280, 3535], 'uses': [582], 'recognition,4–6': [585], 'chemical': [586, 2459], 'storage': [587], 'separation,7,8': [589], 'catalysis,9–11': [590], 'machines,12': [592], 'assemblies,13–16': [593], 'adaptive': [595], 'materials.17–19': [596], 'Benefitting': [597], 'characteristic': [600, 929, 1709, 2973], '(high-rigidity': [604], 'self-complementarity)': [606], 'unit,20,21': [610], 'urea-based': [611], 'attracted': [614], 'great': [615], 'attention': [616], 'studies': [619], 'anion': [621, 757, 947, 1264, 1955, 1971, 2151, 2190, 2944], 'recognition22–26': [622], 'hierarchical': [624, 3188, 3689], 'assembly.27–29': [625], 'compared': [627, 2489, 3404], 'well-established': [630], 'industrialization': [631], 'materials,30': [635], 'far': [640], 'less': [641], 'explored': [642], 'may': [651, 1019, 1072, 2704, 3091, 3178, 3764], 'induce': [652, 1057], 'poor': [653, 1624], 'desired': [657, 1079], 'thus': [659], 'inhibiting': [660], 'syntheses': [662], 'purifications.31–34': [664], 'To': [665, 1041, 1082, 2192, 2634], 'solve': [666], 'this': [667, 1876, 2505, 2640, 3332], 'problem,': [668], 'reaction': [671, 837, 1538, 1563, 1610, 1799, 1819, 2547, 2677, 3225, 3243, 3293, 3435, 3722], 'minimum': [673], 'competing': [674, 3811], 'side-reactions': [675], 'one': [677, 1936, 3077, 3220], 'factors': [681], 'needed.': [682], 'Efficient': [683], 'rely': [686], 'on': [687, 1006, 1341, 1367, 1384, 1495, 2834, 3245, 3461], 'well-defined': [688], 'conformation': [689, 865, 1061, 1221, 2310, 2334, 2342, 2449], 'linear': [692, 1985], 'precursor': [693], 'that': [694, 921, 1015, 1047, 1165, 1260, 1762, 1930, 1990, 1993, 2271, 2306, 2339, 2372, 2433, 2691, 3166, 3287, 3312, 3395, 3746], 'preorganized': [697], 'binding': [699, 948, 2001, 2061, 2164], 'guest': [702], 'molecule': [703], 'or': [704, 811, 817, 1608, 1719, 1780, 2784, 2818, 3737], 'intramolecular': [706, 773, 968, 1049, 1248, 2238, 2279, 2313, 2378, 2417, 2466, 2529, 2611, 3342, 3569, 3756], 'bonding.35–37': [708], 'methodologies': [711], 'not': [713, 1548, 2725, 3728], 'well-documented': [715], 'preparation': [718, 2492, 3788], 'Pioneer': [722], 'work': [723, 3816], 'Böhmer': [725], 'used': [726, 745, 1089, 1325, 1440, 1478], 'relatively': [727, 3322], 'xanthenes': [729], 'build': [735], 'triurea,38': [736], 'tetraurea,39': [737], 'hexaurea': [739, 753, 3201], 'macrocycles,40–42': [740], 'which': [742, 863, 1964, 2185, 2282, 2624, 2950, 3177, 3278, 3470], 'chloride': [743, 756, 3206], 'was': [744, 859, 919, 1088, 1365, 1396, 1433, 1557, 1645, 1676, 1690, 1810, 1928, 2203, 2779, 3817], 'as': [746, 1090, 1326, 1435, 2695, 2850, 3136], 'template': [748, 759, 1177, 2534], 'formation': [751, 761, 960, 1587, 1880, 2710, 2827, 2884, 3305, 3324, 3626, 3731], 'Similarly,': [755, 1685], 'shape-persistent': [763], 'showing': [766, 1246, 2415, 2465], 'unusual': [767, 2604, 3213], 'columnar': [768, 1987, 2053, 3629], 'assemblies.25': [769], 'By': [770, 2287, 2854, 3507], 'incorporating': [771, 995], 'exterior': [772], 'between': [776, 2067, 2321, 2939, 3104, 3155, 3412], '(N–H)': [778], 'alkyloxy': [780], 'groups,': [781], 'other': [782, 1969, 2495, 3285, 3326], 'prepared': [787, 1450, 2665, 2746, 3717], 'carbonyl': [789], 'groups': [790, 1601, 2354], 'orienting': [791], 'toward': [792, 932], 'cavity': [794], 'potassium': [796], 'binding.43,44': [797], 'For': [798, 3223], 'besides': [802], 'geometrical': [804], 'templating': [806], 'considerations,': [807], 'backbone': [810], 'plentiful': [812], 'substitutions,': [813], 'example,': [815], 'alkyl': [816], 'fluoride,': [818], 'essential': [821, 3289], 'retain': [823], 'fairly': [824], 'good': [825], 'solubility.': [826], 'As': [827], 'consequence,': [829], 'steps': [831, 1106, 2752], 'required': [833], 'blocks,': [842, 1111, 1525], 'further': [843, 1818, 2550, 2635, 3362, 3566, 3742], 'reducing': [844], 'overall': [846, 2574], 'efficiency.': [847], 'Very': [848, 3125], 'recently,': [849], 'an': [850, 962, 985, 1648, 1743, 1843, 1919, 2234, 3144, 3651], 'alternative': [851], 'approach': [852], 'rationally': [860], 'designed': [861], 'dynamic': [864], 'preference': [866], 'helps': [867], 'macrocyclization': [869, 1633, 1788, 1857, 2374, 2387, 2477, 2525, 2586, 2617, 2987, 3424, 3577, 3696], 'N-tert-butyl': [871], 'substituted': [872], 'amines.45': [873], 'according': [875, 2247], 'careful': [878, 2250], 'literature': [879], 'screening,': [880], 'most': [881, 2308, 2435], 'consist': [884, 1702, 3533], 'only': [886, 891, 2845], 'few': [893], 'examples': [894], 'tri-,': [896], 'tetra-,': [897], 'hexaureas,': [899], 'while': [900, 1140, 1206, 3057, 3114], 'consisting': [902, 2901], 'remain': [909], 'due': [911], 'challenges.': [914], 'In': [915, 2128, 2716, 3041, 3631], 'previous': [916, 2979], 'studies,': [917], 'found': [920, 1186, 1677, 1929], '(': [926, 1128, 1133, 1150, 2212, 2557, 2965, 3064, 3540, 3543, 3547, 3551, 3705], 'U)': [927], 'displays': [928], 'chelating': [930], 'modes': [931], 'chloride,': [933], 'sulfate,': [934], 'phosphate': [936], 'anions.46–49': [937], 'Further': [938], 'inspection': [939], 'that,': [941], 'addition': [943, 1670], 'its': [945, 1257, 1456], 'typical': [946, 2491, 2583], 'property': [949], '(strong': [950], 'positive': [951], 'electrostatic': [952, 1253], 'potential,': [953], '+390': [954], 'kJ/mol),': [955], 'inclines': [959], 'anti-conformation': [963], 'help': [966, 1073], 'N–H...O=C': [972], '(dN...O': [973, 2243], '=': [974, 2244], '2.73': [975], 'Å,': [976], 'Figure': [977, 1236, 1900, 2012, 2034, 2266, 2301, 2345, 2381, 2968, 2981, 3253, 3417], '1a).': [978], 'These': [979, 1472, 1699, 1758, 3531, 3602], 'facts': [980], 'inspired': [981], 'us': [982, 1491], 'develop': [984], 'efficient': [986, 3652], '(instead': [1000], 'single': [1003, 3078, 3175], 'urea).': [1004], 'Studies': [1005], 'bis(urea)-based': [1007, 1036], 'reported': [1012, 2497], 'suggest': [1014, 1761], 'account': [1020], 'decent': [1022], 'yield': [1023, 1682, 1694, 1814, 1829], 'final': [1026, 2220], 'macrocyclization.24–26': [1028], 'principles': [1031], 'underpinning': [1032], 'still': [1039], 'underdeveloped.': [1040], 'elucidate': [1042], 'these,': [1043, 1952], 'first': [1045], 'hypothesized': [1046], 'strong': [1048, 1247, 2237, 2312, 2416, 3341, 3409], 'well-defined,': [1059], 'twisted': [1060, 2341, 3017], 'macrocyclization.': [1063, 2361, 2470], 'Second,': [1064, 2538, 3301], 'complexation': [1065, 2553], 'anions': [1071, 1214, 1933, 2029, 2142, 2180, 2556, 2920, 3011, 3051, 3218, 3360, 3383, 3644], 'improve': [1075], 'macrocycles.50': [1081], 'test': [1083], 'ideas,': [1085], 'o-phenylenediamine': [1087, 1432, 1542, 1571, 1801, 2667], 'starting': [1092], 'material.': [1093], 'Satisfyingly,': [1094], 'able': [1097, 1765, 3516, 3759], 'make': [1099, 1493, 3518], 'tetraureas': [1101, 2076], 'octaureas': [1103, 2990], 'where': [1112, 1707, 1842, 2236, 2349, 3085, 3153, 3580, 3755], 'contain': [1116], 'largest': [1118, 2904], '(8)': [1120, 2909], 'rigid': [1125, 3581], 'M)': [1129], 'E)': [1134], 'bigger': [1141], 'obtained': [1145, 1320, 1691, 1910], 'H)': [1151, 1289, 3552], '(Figure': [1153, 1925, 2007, 2224, 2296, 2335, 2787, 3248, 3294], '1b': [1154], 'Supporting': [1156, 1418, 1468, 2010, 2119, 2264, 2299, 2558, 2755, 2790, 2892, 2966, 3065, 3251, 3297, 3706, 3777, 3779], 'Figures': [1158, 2124, 2897], 'S1': [1159, 1580, 1591, 1637, 1644, 1696, 2122, 2674, 2713, 2721, 2783, 2895, 2998, 3068], 'S2).': [1161, 2758, 3070], 'It': [1162, 1927], 'noted': [1164], 'all': [1166, 2539, 2565], 'no': [1176, 2937, 3810], 'chromatographic': [1179], 'purification.': [1180], 'bind': [1188], '1:2': [1192, 2043, 3386, 3622, 3638], 'stoichiometry': [1193, 3623], 'forming': [1194, 1613], 'artificial': [1195], 'channels': [1197], 'long-range': [1200], 'order': [1201], 'solid': [1204, 1991, 2032, 2963, 3043, 3612], 'state,': [1205, 3044], 'encapsulate': [1211, 3381], 'cavity.': [1217], 'A': [1218, 3190], 'figure-eight': [1220], '(vide': [1229, 2736], 'infra)': [1230], 'spacer.': [1235, 1723, 3124], '1': [1237, 1466, 1514, 1664], '|': [1238, 1515, 2036, 2383, 2983, 3419], '(a)': [1239, 2041, 2392, 2984, 3428], 'DFT-optimized': [1240, 2447], 'geometry': [1241, 1259, 2956, 3063], 'moiety': [1245], 'bonding,': [1250, 2281], 'potential': [1254, 2394], 'map': [1255], 'planar': [1258], 'induced': [1262, 3172], 'binding.': [1265], '(b)': [1266, 2049, 2409, 3016, 3443], '(MCs)': [1277], 'associated': [1284], 'letters': [1285], '(U,': [1286], 'M,': [1287], 'E,': [1288], 'shown': [1296], 'at': [1297, 1304, 1349, 1660, 1922, 1938, 2453, 2631, 3264, 3272, 3464], 'bottom.': [1299], 'calculations': [1301], 'performed': [1303, 1366, 2596, 2630], 'B3LYP/6-31+G(d)': [1306, 2455], 'level': [1307], 'theory.': [1309], 'Experimental': [1314], 'Methods': [1315], 'reagents': [1318, 1475], 'commercial': [1322], 'suppliers': [1323], 'received': [1327], 'unless': [1328], 'otherwise': [1329], 'indicated.': [1330], 'Nuclear': [1331], 'magnetic': [1332], 'resonance': [1333], '(NMR)': [1334], 'spectra': [1335, 3378, 3432, 3485], '(1H': [1336], '13C)': [1338], 'recorded': [1340, 1383], 'Bruker': [1342, 1369, 1386], 'AVANCE': [1343], 'III-400': [1344], 'MHz': [1345], 'spectrometers': [1346], '(Bruker,': [1347, 1392], 'Germany)': [1348], '298': [1350, 3487], 'K.': [1351], 'shifts': [1353], 'referenced': [1355], 'residual': [1357, 3500], 'solvent': [1358], 'peaks.': [1359], 'Electrospray': [1360], 'ionization': [1361], '(ESI)': [1362], 'mass': [1363, 2835, 3796], 'spectroscopy': [1364], 'Daltonics': [1370, 1375], 'micrOTOF-Q': [1371], 'II': [1372, 1390], 'spectrometer': [1373], '(Bruker': [1374], 'Corp.,': [1376], 'Bremen,': [1377], 'Germany).': [1378, 1393], 'patterns': [1381], 'D8': [1387], 'Venture': [1388], 'Photon': [1389], 'diffractometer': [1391], 'Computational': [1394, 2384], 'conducted': [1397, 1632, 2204, 3704], 'Spartan′18': [1399], '(Wavefunction,': [1400], 'Inc.,': [1401], 'United': [1402], 'States)': [1403], 'levels': [1406], 'theory': [1408, 2331], 'correspondingly.': [1409], 'experimental': [1412], 'details': [1413, 3785], 'Information.': [1419], 'Results': [1420], 'Discussion': [1422], 'Syntheses': [1423, 2759], 'selected': [1434], 'source.': [1438], 'We': [1439, 3163], 'three': [1441, 2167, 2540, 2751, 2802], 'rigidity,': [1445], '4,4′-diphenylmethane': [1446], 'diisocyanate': [1447, 1461, 1640, 1779], '(MDI),': [1448], 'one-step': [1449], '4,4′-diphenyl': [1451], 'dicarbamate': [1453, 1781], '(EDC)': [1454], 'corresponding': [1457, 2410, 3712], 'diamine,': [1458], '(HDI)': [1462], 'macrocyclizations': [1464, 2592], '(Scheme': [1465, 1683], 'Scheme': [1470, 1513, 1748, 2757, 2792, 3299, 3708], 'S1).': [1471], 'economically': [1473], 'feasible': [1474, 1787], 'extensively': [1477], 'polyurethane': [1481], 'materials': [1484], 'since': [1485], '1960s': [1487], 'would': [1489], 'allow': [1490], 'gram': [1496], 'scale.': [1497], 'Ultimately,': [1498], 'surprising': [1501], 'see': [1503, 1747], 'very': [1504, 2952, 3376], 'outcomes': [1506], 'highly': [1509, 3329], 'efficient,': [1510], 'spacer-dependent': [1511, 3579], 'macrocyclizations.': [1512], 'Two-step': [1516], 'o-phenylenediamine,': [1526], 'MDI,': [1527], 'EDC.': [1529, 1698], 'TEA,': [1530], 'triethylamine.': [1531], 'First,': [1536, 2226, 2523, 3255], 'one-pot': [1537], 'MDI': [1540, 1566, 1652, 1862], '1:1': [1545], 'ratio': [1546], 'did': [1547, 2724, 3727], 'produce': [1549, 3588], 'any': [1550, 2533, 3771], 'macrocycle.': [1551, 2653], 'Instead,': [1552, 3734], 'bis(urea)bis(amine)': [1554], 'intermediate,': [1555], 'S1,': [1556], 'isolated': [1558, 1811, 2776, 3740], 'precipitation.': [1560], 'Modifying': [1561], 'mixing': [1565], '2': [1568, 2035], 'equiv': [1569], '(1:2': [1572], 'ratio)': [1573], 'tetrahydrofuran': [1575], '(THF)': [1576], 'under': [1577], 'ice-bath': [1578], '99%': [1582], 'yield.': [1583], 'Such': [1584], 'selective': [1586], 'diamine': [1589, 1628, 3563], 'intermediate': [1590, 1636, 1808, 1859, 2216, 2782, 3564, 3713], 'counterintuitive': [1593], 'monomers': [1596], 'divergent': [1598], 'reacting': [1599], 'terminal': [1600], 'likely': [1604], 'undergo': [1606], 'polymerization': [1607, 2685], 'instead': [1611, 2686, 3082], 'dimer.': [1615, 1977], 'This': [1616, 2268, 2475, 2603, 2689, 3071, 3554, 3666, 3744, 3815], 'selectivity': [1617], 'believed': [1619, 3337], 'originate': [1621], 'intermediate.': [1629], 'Next,': [1630], 'When': [1643, 2488], 'mixed': [1646], 'equivalent': [1649], 'amount': [1650], 'dimethylformamide': [1654], '(DMF)': [1655], 'THF': [1657], 'stirred': [1659], '100': [1661], '°C': [1662], 'h,': [1665], 'followed': [1666], 'concentration': [1668, 2600], 'acetone,': [1672], 'MU': [1675, 1726, 1790, 1840, 2223, 2390], 'precipitate': [1679], '92%': [1681], '1).': [1684], 'low-symmetry': [1687], 'MUE': [1689, 1753, 1866, 2078, 2111, 2144], '89%': [1693], 'four': [1704, 2807, 2947], 'moieties': [1711], 'bridged': [1713, 2178], 'either': [1715, 2814], 'has': [1727, 3194], 'D2h': [1729, 2740], 'symmetry': [1730], 'arranged': [1741], 'alternating': [1744, 1844], 'sequence': [1745, 1846], '(MUMU,': [1746], '1),': [1749], 'C2v': [1756], 'symmetric.': [1757], 'tune': [1767], 'symmetries': [1772], 'Encouraged': [1784], 'MUE,': [1792], 'similar': [1795, 1836, 2953, 3126, 3191, 3377], 'results': [1796, 2364], 'EDC': [1804, 1821], 'block.': [1806], 'S2': [1809, 1860, 2723, 3235, 3282, 3455], '95%': [1813], 'precipitation,': [1816], 'afforded': [1822, 1863, 2846], 'macrocycle,': [1825, 3477], 'EU,': [1826], '95%.': [1831], 'EU': [1833, 2081, 2113, 2146], 'analogue,': [1841], 'spacer': [1850, 3596], 'observed.': [1855], 'Additionally,': [1856], 'same': [1865], '85%': [1869], 'yield,': [1870], 'indicative': [1871], 'high': [1873, 2502, 2518, 2632], 'modularity': [1874, 2638], 'two-step': [1877, 2476, 2641], 'strategy.': [1878], 'unambiguously': [1886], 'crystal': [1889, 2102], 'tetraethylammonium': [1896, 2088], 'salts': [1898], '(TEA2SO4,': [1899], '2).': [1901], 'Crystals': [1902], 'TEA2[': [1907], 'MU.(SO4)2]': [1908], 'slow': [1912, 2855, 3323], 'vapor': [1913, 2856], 'diffusion': [1914, 2857], 'diethyl': [1916, 2859], 'acetonitrile': [1920], 'solution': [1921], 'room': [1923], 'temperature': [1924, 3723], '2a).': [1926], 'coordinate': [1934, 3617], 'opposite': [1939], 'sides': [1940], 'through': [1941, 2552], '(4': [1948], '×': [1949], 'N–H...O).': [1950], 'Besides': [1951], 'each': [1953, 2149], 'water': [1961, 2134, 2177], 'molecules': [1962, 2135], '(O...H–O–H),': [1963], 'interact': [1966], 'water-bridged': [1975, 2004, 2064], 'sulfate-sulfate': [1976, 2005], 'Accordingly,': [1978], 'assembles': [1982], 'into': [1983, 2172, 2357, 2720, 2861, 3181], 'infinite': [1986, 2052], 'state': [1992, 2964], 'driven': [1995, 2016, 2055], 'combination': [1998, 2058], 'macrocycle-sulfate': [2000, 2060], '2b': [2008], 'S3).': [2013, 2793], 'Similar': [2014, 2101], 'assemblies': [2015], 'anti-electrostatic': [2018], 'assisted': [2021], 'anion-anion': [2022], 'interaction': [2023], 'commonly': [2025], 'seen': [2026, 2976, 3148, 3196], 'hydroxyl': [2028], 'state.51': [2033], 'crystallographic': [2038, 2083, 3003], 'analysis.': [2040, 3743], 'tetraurea:sulfate': [2044], 'MU,': [2047], '1D': [2051], '(c)': [2077, 2421, 3023, 3492], '(d)': [2080, 2446, 3495], 'structure,': [2084], 'respectively.': [2085, 3001], 'Solvents': [2086], 'countercations': [2089, 3029], 'omitted': [2091, 3031], 'sake': [2094, 3034], 'clarity.': [2096, 3036], '(Figures': [2114, 2259, 2887, 3367], '2c': [2115], '2d': [2117], 'Table': [2121, 2894], 'S4': [2125], 'S5).': [2127, 2561, 3300], 'contrast,': [2129, 2717, 3632], 'cluster': [2131], 'bridge': [2139], 'stabilized': [2153, 2181], 'seven': [2155], 'bonds,': [2157], 'akin': [2158], 'protein.52': [2165], 'assemble': [2171], 'one-dimensional': [2174], 'chain': [2175, 2661], 'cavities,': [2184], 'reminiscent': [2187], 'abiotic': [2189], 'channels.53,54': [2191], 'understand': [2193], 'principal': [2195], 'driving': [2196, 3624], 'force': [2197], 'macrocyclization,': [2200, 3336], 'computational': [2201, 3798], 'modelling': [2202], 'pre-macrocycle': [2211, 2294, 2431, 2452], 'S3),': [2213], 'proposed': [2215], 'leading': [2217], 'product': [2222, 3772], '3).': [2225], 'suggested': [2231], 'favor': [2233], 'anti-conformation,': [2235], 'displayed': [2242], '2.7–3.0': [2245], 'Å)': [2246], 'calculation': [2251], 'torsion': [2254, 2403], 'angle': [2255, 2404, 3103], 'C–N': [2257], 'bond': [2258], '3a': [2260], '3b': [2262], 'S9).': [2267], 'result': [2269], 'indicates': [2270], 'tends': [2275], 'twist': [2277, 3096], 'via': [2278], 'facilitate': [2284, 2616], 'reaction.a': [2286], 'performing': [2288], 'conformer': [2290, 2437], 'S3': [2295, 2464], '3c': [2297], 'S10),': [2302], 'consistently': [2304], 'isocyanate': [2323, 2353, 2749], 'remote': [2325], 'group': [2327], '(N–H...O(NCO)).': [2328], 'Density': [2329], 'functional': [2330], '(DFT)-optimized': [2332], 'equilibrium': [2333, 2448], '3d)': [2336], 'supports': [2338], '(closed': [2343], 'form,': [2344], '3e)': [2346], 'favored,': [2348], 'amine': [2351, 3261], 'brought': [2356], 'close': [2358], 'proximity': [2359], 'consistent': [2366, 2441, 2971], 'our': [2368, 2978], 'hypothesis': [2369], 'promoted': [2376, 2469, 2527, 3567], 'bonding.': [2380, 2419], '3': [2382], 'tetraurea.': [2391], 'Calculated': [2393], 'energy': [2395], 'surface': [2396], '(colored': [2405], 'blue)': [2407], 'distance': [2411, 3128, 3154], 'changes': [2412, 3170, 3447], 'O...N': [2414], '(B3LYP/6-31+G(d))': [2420], 'Conformational': [2422], 'profile': [2423], '(Merck': [2424], 'Molecular': [2425], 'Force': [2426], 'Field,': [2427], 'MMFF)': [2428], 'indicating': [2432, 3408], 'stable': [2436], '(red': [2438], 'circle)': [2439], 'close-state': [2444], 'conformation.': [2445], 'level.': [2456], '(e)': [2457], 'pre-macrocycles': [2463], 'represents': [2478], 'prepare': [2483, 2651, 3655], 'o-phenylenediamine.': [2487], 'methods': [2493], 'previously,': [2498], 'find': [2500], 'efficiency': [2503], 'described': [2509], 'following': [2512], 'features:': [2513], 'template-free,': [2514], 'column-free': [2515], 'purifications,': [2516], 'yielding': [2519], 'steps.': [2522], 'without': [2532, 3741], 'guest,': [2535], 'like': [2536], 'precipitated': [2544], 'mixture': [2548, 3436], 'purified': [2551], 'Section': [2560], 'Finally,': [2562], 'they': [2563, 3380], 'blocks': [2571, 2682], 'yields': [2575], 'ranging': [2576], '80%': [2578], '91%.': [2580], 'Compared': [2581, 3319], 'conditions': [2584], '(high': [2587], 'dilution,': [2588], '<;5': [2589], 'mM),': [2590], 'studied': [2593], 'here': [2594], 'much': [2598], 'higher': [2599], '(20': [2601], 'mM).': [2602], 'phenomenon': [2605], 'explained': [2608], 'bonds': [2613], 'helping': [2614], 'reduce': [2619], 'propensity': [2621], 'polymerization,': [2623], 'allows': [2625], 'concentrations.': [2633], 'investigate': [2636], 'strategy,': [2642, 3513], 'attempted': [2644], 'use': [2646], 'HDI': [2649, 2719, 2778, 2995, 3227], 'cannot': [2662, 3769], 'directly': [2664], 'HDI.': [2669], 'Unlike': [2670, 2914], 'isolation': [2672, 3560], 'S2,': [2676, 2785, 3000, 3229, 3478], 'leads': [2683, 3597], 'dimerization.b': [2688], 'suggests': [2690, 3745], 'proper': [2692], 'rigidity': [2693], '(such': [2694], 'ether)': [2700], 'intermediates': [2712, 2997, 3286], 'S2.': [2715], 'adding': [2718, 2843], 'either,': [2729], 'but': [2730, 3767], 'led': [2731], 'larger': [2733], 'infra).': [2737], 'Nevertheless,': [2738], 'symmetric': [2741], 'HU': [2743], '2-nitrophenyl': [2748], '(see': [2753], 'Remarkably,': [2767], 'large,': [2769], 'EUH,': [2774], 'reacted': [2780], 'respectively': [2786], '4a': [2788], 'Each': [2794, 2942], 'consists': [2800], 'types': [2803], 'units:': [2806], 'motifs,': [2809], 'spacers,': [2812], 'Although': [2823, 3710], 'both': [2829, 2868, 2927, 3209], 'based': [2833, 3244, 3460], 'spectrometry': [2836], 'crude': [2839], 'product,': [2840], 'recrystallization': [2841], 'TEA2SO4': [2844], 'major': [2852], 'product.': [2853], 'acetone': [2862], 'DMF': [2864], 'solution,': [2865, 3331], 'crystals': [2866], 'produced.': [2876], 'single-crystal': [2878], 'showed': [2882], 'unambiguous': [2883], '4b': [2888], '4c': [2890], 'S7': [2898], 'S8)': [2900], 'single-macrocyclic': [2912], 'structure.': [2913], 'cavities': [2925], 'Specifically,': [2930, 3101], 'sulfates': [2933], 'separated': [2935], 'contact': [2938], 'other.': [2941], 'coordinates': [2945, 3048], 'HU.SO4': [2959], 'S6)': [2969], 'bis(urea)-sulfate': [2974], 'coordination': [2975, 3608], 'studies.55': [2980], '4': [2982], '[2+2]': [2986, 3423], 'EUH': [2993, 3238, 3373, 3453], 'cavity:': [3015], 'untwisted': [3024], 'EUH.': [3027, 3318], 'Tetraethylammonium': [3028], 'helicate': [3054], 'geometry,': [3056], 'EUH-sulfate': [3059], 'mesocate-like': [3062], 'Videos': [3067], 'geometric': [3072, 3169], 'difference': [3073], 'attributed': [3075], 'site': [3079], 'difference,': [3080], 'CH2': [3081], 'O,': [3084], 'extra': [3088], 'H': [3089], 'atoms': [3090], 'introduce': [3092], 'strain': [3094], 'phenyl': [3099, 3106, 3132], 'rings.': [3100], 'approximately': [3109], '112°': [3110], 'former,': [3113], '117°': [3115], '119°': [3117], 'centroid-to-centroid': [3127], 'rings': [3133], 'illustrated': [3135], '4.8': [3137], 'Å': [3138], 'complexes.': [3142, 3497], 'expanded': [3145], 'methylenes': [3158], '(CH2)': [3159], '8.8': [3161], 'Å.': [3162], 'surprised': [3165], 'atom,': [3176], 'offer': [3179], 'insight': [3180], 'catalyst': [3182], 'design': [3183], 'chirality': [3185], 'transformation': [3186], 'assemblies.': [3189, 3630], 'anions.40': [3207], 'Overall,': [3208, 3648], 'display': [3212, 3605], 'confinement': [3214], 'inside': [3219], 'simultaneously.56,57': [3222], 'conversion': [3233], 'monitoring': [3241], '1H': [3246, 3365, 3426, 3430, 3483], 'NMR': [3247, 3366, 3431, 3484, 3794], '5a': [3249], 'S11).': [3254], 'saw': [3257, 3303], 'continuous': [3258], 'decrease': [3259], 'peak': [3262, 3462], '(NH2)': [3263], '4.3–4.5': [3265], 'ppm': [3266, 3274], 'NH': [3270, 3475], 'peaks': [3271, 3311, 3389], '8.7–8.8': [3273, 3467], '120': [3276, 3440], 'min,': [3277, 3441], 'assigned': [3280, 3314, 3397, 3472], 'ring-closing': [3292], '5b': [3295], 'clear': [3308], 'set': [3309], 'diluted': [3330], 'fast': [3333], '(2': [3334], 'h)': [3335], 'benefit': [3339], 'unit,': [3348], 'rare.': [3350], '5c': [3368], '5d).': [3370], 'stoichiometry.': [3387], '(Ha,': [3390], 'Hb,': [3391], 'Hc,': [3392], 'Hd)': [3394], 'shift': [3401], 'downfield': [3402], 'significantly': [3403], 'free': [3406], 'sulfates.': [3416], '5': [3418], 'Monitoring': [3420], 'NMR:': [3427], 'stacked': [3429], '0': [3438], 'relative': [3445], 'intensity': [3446], 'upon': [3448], 'reaction.': [3449], 'population': [3451], '(and': [3456], 'intermediates)': [3457], 'monitored': [3459], 'intensities': [3463], '9.10': [3465], 'ppm,': [3468], 'respectively,': [3469], 'intermediates.': [3480], 'Stacked': [3481], 'partial': [3482], '(acetone-d6,': [3486], 'K,': [3488], '400': [3489], 'MHz)': [3490], '[MUH.2SO4]4−': [3493], '[EUH.2SO4]4−': [3496], '*': [3498], 'denotes': [3499], 'DMF.': [3501], 'Conclusion': [3506], 'series': [3520], 'industrially': [3527], 'abundant': [3528], 'sequences:': [3537], 'U),': [3541], 'diphenylmethane': [3542], 'M),': [3544], 'E),': [3548], 'facilitated': [3558], 'unit.': [3575], 'sequence-defined': [3603], 'state.': [3613], 'one-dimension': [3628], 'complexes': [3639], 'encapsulating': [3641], 'cavities.': [3647], 'present': [3650], 'way': [3653], 'sequence.': [3665], 'opens': [3668], 'up': [3669], 'avenue': [3672], 'oligoureas': [3677], '(e.g.,': [3678], 'dodeca-,': [3679], 'hexadeca-,': [3680], 'eicosa-ureas)': [3682], 'recognition,': [3687], 'anion-induced': [3688], 'assembly': [3690], 'catalysis.': [3692], 'Footnotes': [3693], 'Attempted': [3695], 'meta': [3698], 'para': [3700], 'phenylenediamine': [3701], 'S4).': [3709], 'diamines': [3714], 'carefully': [3719], 'controlling': [3720], 'time,': [3725], 'observe': [3729], 'insoluble': [3735], 'polymer': [3736], 'oligomer': [3738], 'critical': [3751], 'H-bonding': [3757], 'form.': [3761], 'b': [3762], 'Macrocyclization': [3763], 'occur': [3766], 'isolate': [3770], 'workup': [3775], 'process.': [3776], 'includes': [3784], 'oligoureas,': [3791], 'procedures,': [3793], 'spectra,': [3797], 'analysis,': [3799], 'structures.': [3803], 'Conflict': [3804], 'Interest': [3806], 'authors': [3808], 'declare': [3809], 'financial': [3812], 'interests.': [3813], 'Acknowledgments': [3814], 'supported': [3818], 'National': [3821], 'Foundation': [3824], 'China': [3826], '(grant': [3827], 'nos.': [3828], '21772154': [3829], '91856102).': [3831], 'W.Z.': [3832], 'acknowledgments': [3833], 'support': [3835], 'Technology': [3841], 'Research': [3842], 'Fund': [3843], 'Program': [3844], 'Young': [3846], 'Scholars.': [3847], 'References': [3848], '1.': [3849], 'Girvin': [3850], 'Z.': [3851], 'C.;': [3852], 'Andrews': [3853], 'M.': [3854], 'K.;': [3855], 'Liu': [3856], 'X.;': [3857], 'Gellman': [3858], 'S.': [3859, 3911], 'H.Foldamer-Templated': [3860], 'Catalysis': [3861], 'Macrocycle': [3863], 'Formation.Science2019,': [3864], '366,': [3865], '1528.': [3866], 'Google': [3867, 3887, 3935], 'Scholar': [3868, 3888, 3936], '2.': [3869], 'Hartley': [3870], 'C.': [3871, 3908, 3939], 'S.;': [3872], 'Moore': [3873], 'J.': [3874, 3891], 'S.Programmed': [3875], 'Dynamic': [3876], 'Covalent': [3877], 'Assembly': [3878], 'Unsymmetrical': [3880], 'Macrocycles.J.': [3881], 'Am.': [3882, 3930], 'Chem.': [3883, 3931], 'Soc.2007,': [3884], '129,': [3885], '11682–11683.': [3886], '3.': [3889], 'Dobscha': [3890], 'R.;': [3892], 'Castillo': [3893], 'H.': [3894], 'D.;': [3895, 3903], 'Y.;': [3897], 'Fadler': [3898], 'R.': [3899, 3902], 'E.;': [3900], 'Taylor': [3901], 'Brown': [3904], 'A.': [3905, 3914], 'A.;': [3906], 'Trainor': [3907], 'Q.;': [3909], 'Tait': [3910], 'L.;': [3912], 'Flood': [3913], 'H.Sequence-Defined': [3915], 'Understanding': [3918], 'Controlling': [3920], 'Build-Up': [3922], 'Hierarchical': [3924], 'Order': [3925], 'Self-Assembled': [3927], '2D': [3928], 'Arrays.J.': [3929], 'Soc.2019,': [3932], '141,': [3933], '17588–17600.': [3934], '4.': [3937], 'Pedersen': [3938], 'J.Cyclic': [3940], 'Polyethers': [3941], 'Their': [3943], 'Complexes': [3944]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3198942669', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-30T19:04:50.545734', 'created_date': '2021-09-27'}