Title: Assessment of the Radiological Changes Involving Articular Surfaces of Temporomandibular Joints in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis using Computed Tomography
Abstract: Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders refer to a complex set of conditions; manifested by pain in the area of the jaws and associated muscles and limitations in their ability to make normal movements like swallowing, mastication, and speech.Arthritis also affects the TMJ. Aim:The purpose of the present study was to assess the radiological changes involving the TMJ of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using computed tomography (CT) scans for early detection and disease management. Materials and Methods:The study group comprised of 30 patients between 18 and 70 years of age, who were randomly selected from patients visiting the orthopaedics and rheumatology department of a government institution.The patients were categorized into two groups based on the type of arthritis.All subjects underwent radiographic investigations and CT scans.Additionally, biochemical blood test for the presence of RA factor, and digital radiographs of the long bones were done for all patients. Results:The female to male ratio for RA was 6.5:1 and for OA 3.2:1.In RA, the pathological findings were present in all age groups, and irregular joint space was the most predominant finding on both sides.In OA, the involvement was seen in the elderly age group, with a predominant finding of irregular joint space and flattening of articular surface on the right side and erosion of condyle and articular eminence space on the left side.Statistically significant values [P = 0.002] for flattening of articular surface on left side were obtained. Conclusion:CT study showed positive evidence of TMJ involvement in both types of arthritis.Thus, we conclude that CT scan would serve as a valuable tool for detecting TMJ disorders early and securing better treatment outcomes.