Title: Influence of schistosomiasis on host vaccine responses
Abstract: Vaccines are the greatest weapon nowadays against infectious diseases as they have contributed to eradicate or significantly lower their burden. In developing countries, vaccinated persons display lower vaccine responsiveness in comparison to those from the developed world. Direct and transgenerational exposure to Schistosoma spp. may alter the immunological, microbial, metabolic, and physiological wiring of hosts and impact their ability to respond to vaccines; treatment with praziquantel might potentially reverse this effect. Discrepancies in human studies blur our understanding of the real influence of Schistosoma spp. infection on vaccine responses. Furthering our understanding of the influence of Schistosoma spp. infection on human vaccine responses via controlled clinical studies and the use of animal models could inform strategies for vaccination in schistosomiasis-endemic areas. Schistosomiasis is a debilitating helminthiasis which commonly establishes as a chronic infection in people from endemic areas. As a potent modulator of the host immune response, the Schistosoma parasite and its associated products can directly interfere with its host's ability to mount adequate immune responses to unrelated antigens. As a result, increased attention is gathering on studies assessing the influence of helminths, particularly the causal agent of schistosomiasis, on host responsiveness to vaccines. However, to date, no consensus has been drawn regarding the influence of schistosomiasis on host vaccine responses. Here, we review available evidence on the influence of transgenerational and direct Schistosoma parasite exposure on host immune responses to unrelated vaccines. In addition, we evaluate the potential of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment in restoring schistosomiasis-impacted vaccine responses. Schistosomiasis is a debilitating helminthiasis which commonly establishes as a chronic infection in people from endemic areas. As a potent modulator of the host immune response, the Schistosoma parasite and its associated products can directly interfere with its host's ability to mount adequate immune responses to unrelated antigens. As a result, increased attention is gathering on studies assessing the influence of helminths, particularly the causal agent of schistosomiasis, on host responsiveness to vaccines. However, to date, no consensus has been drawn regarding the influence of schistosomiasis on host vaccine responses. Here, we review available evidence on the influence of transgenerational and direct Schistosoma parasite exposure on host immune responses to unrelated vaccines. In addition, we evaluate the potential of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment in restoring schistosomiasis-impacted vaccine responses. the second line of defence, generally at a later stage of infection, characterized by a rapid, more specific, and more efficient immune response to identified pathogens. a large group of low-molecular-weight proteins involved in cell signaling; they are produced by immune and accessory cells. a worldwide program, established in 1974, with the aim of reducing the burden attributed to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) by making vaccines available to every child in the world. a diverse group of tropical infections which affect poor people in developing regions. the drug of choice for the treatment of all forms of schistosomiasis. highly antigenic soluble molecules, from mechanically disrupted schistosome eggs, which induce a strong Th2-biased immune response. specialized types of immune cells from a common lymphoid progenitor; they are responsible for adaptive immunity. a subset of T lymphocytes which constitute a potent suppressor of immune responsiveness. a subset of T lymphocytes expressing CD4 and secreting proinflammatory cytokines. a subset of T lymphocytes expressing CD4 and secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines. an attenuated/killed fraction of a microorganism used to stimulate a rapid and specific response of the host against the relevant microorganism. a set of diseases which can be efficiently avoided by vaccination.
Publication Year: 2021
Publication Date: 2021-08-10
Language: en
Type: review
Indexed In: ['crossref', 'pubmed']
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Cited By Count: 13
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