Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3188116539', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'title': 'Collective Behavior', 'display_name': 'Collective Behavior', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3188116539', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'mag': '3188116539', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25164995'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22283869', 'display_name': 'Topics in Cognitive Science', 'issn_l': '1756-8757', 'issn': ['1756-8757', '1756-8765'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029222386', 'display_name': 'Robert L. Goldstone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-8358'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119109', 'display_name': 'Indiana University Bloomington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k40bc56', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119109', 'https://openalex.org/I592451']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert L. Goldstone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Indiana University, Bloomington'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Indiana University, Bloomington', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119109']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083572203', 'display_name': 'Todd M. Gureckis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-4778'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I57206974', 'display_name': 'New York University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0190ak572', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I57206974']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Todd M. Gureckis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['New York University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'New York University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I57206974']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3140, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3140, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.292, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 108, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.960557, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '1', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '412', 'last_page': '438'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12592', 'display_name': 'Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12592', 'display_name': 'Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10064', 'display_name': 'Complex Network Analysis Techniques', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11252', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior', 'display_name': 'Collective Behavior', 'score': 0.673939}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/group-behavior', 'display_name': 'Group behavior', 'score': 0.5981139}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/group-decision-making', 'display_name': 'Group Decision Making', 'score': 0.5418639}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/group-dynamic', 'display_name': 'Group dynamic', 'score': 0.44780788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-action', 'display_name': 'Collective Action', 'score': 0.43722668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.42665586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-sociology', 'display_name': 'Computational sociology', 'score': 0.4158377}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100339178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752', 'display_name': 'Collective behavior', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.673939}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2986275291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839578', 'display_name': 'Group behavior', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5981139}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20701700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388791', 'display_name': 'Group decision-making', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5418639}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781311116', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306', 'display_name': 'Group (periodic table)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52267736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180872759', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405', 'display_name': 'Social group', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48248887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45530716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91306197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767', 'display_name': 'Competition (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45320585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019640506', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839578', 'display_name': 'Group dynamic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44780788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43923286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777932401', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471594', 'display_name': 'Collective action', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43722668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206345919', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951', 'display_name': 'Resource (disambiguation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43325493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42665586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126349790', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905036', 'display_name': 'Computational sociology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4158377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39779538}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3772534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3440938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28986537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.124237716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12229517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.114662945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11149433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D006126', 'descriptor_name': 'Group Processes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007398', 'descriptor_name': 'Interpersonal Relations', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009042', 'descriptor_name': 'Motivation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012919', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001516', 'descriptor_name': 'Bees', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003163', 'descriptor_name': 'Competitive Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003299', 'descriptor_name': 'Cooperative Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003657', 'descriptor_name': 'Decision Making', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020407', 'descriptor_name': 'Internet', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013177', 'descriptor_name': 'Sports', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013177', 'descriptor_name': 'Sports', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22283869', 'display_name': 'Topics in Cognitive Science', 'issn_l': '1756-8757', 'issn': ['1756-8757', '1756-8765'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25164995', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01038.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22283869', 'display_name': 'Topics in Cognitive Science', 'issn_l': '1756-8757', 'issn': ['1756-8757', '1756-8765'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 93, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1481908410', 'https://openalex.org/W1508207006', 'https://openalex.org/W1593267925', 'https://openalex.org/W1605255363', 'https://openalex.org/W1605995731', 'https://openalex.org/W1609526117', 'https://openalex.org/W1648360069', 'https://openalex.org/W1684046701', 'https://openalex.org/W17207001', 'https://openalex.org/W1876009733', 'https://openalex.org/W1964262952', 'https://openalex.org/W1966165014', 'https://openalex.org/W1974491836', 'https://openalex.org/W1975318518', 'https://openalex.org/W1975942782', 'https://openalex.org/W1977578104', 'https://openalex.org/W1982170419', 'https://openalex.org/W1982300822', 'https://openalex.org/W1986404039', 'https://openalex.org/W2008620264', 'https://openalex.org/W2008626414', 'https://openalex.org/W2009881211', 'https://openalex.org/W2013614800', 'https://openalex.org/W2032336910', 'https://openalex.org/W2033282654', 'https://openalex.org/W2033921269', 'https://openalex.org/W2034379621', 'https://openalex.org/W2035910815', 'https://openalex.org/W2037427635', 'https://openalex.org/W2044225472', 'https://openalex.org/W2056284729', 'https://openalex.org/W2063597719', 'https://openalex.org/W2064568176', 'https://openalex.org/W2074358686', 'https://openalex.org/W2077505261', 'https://openalex.org/W2082749023', 'https://openalex.org/W2083082592', 'https://openalex.org/W2085529605', 'https://openalex.org/W2089204312', 'https://openalex.org/W2096606660', 'https://openalex.org/W2097141283', 'https://openalex.org/W2097815654', 'https://openalex.org/W2097875133', 'https://openalex.org/W2098185196', 'https://openalex.org/W2099379637', 'https://openalex.org/W2101563310', 'https://openalex.org/W2102214098', 'https://openalex.org/W2102518549', 'https://openalex.org/W2107958960', 'https://openalex.org/W2112090702', 'https://openalex.org/W2112216603', 'https://openalex.org/W2115564078', 'https://openalex.org/W2115660324', 'https://openalex.org/W2116154168', 'https://openalex.org/W2118555520', 'https://openalex.org/W2119382550', 'https://openalex.org/W2120215427', 'https://openalex.org/W2128314959', 'https://openalex.org/W2133448746', 'https://openalex.org/W2144425749', 'https://openalex.org/W2147264455', 'https://openalex.org/W2147453867', 'https://openalex.org/W2149249197', 'https://openalex.org/W2150443611', 'https://openalex.org/W2151758915', 'https://openalex.org/W2161080803', 'https://openalex.org/W2161133426', 'https://openalex.org/W2165702945', 'https://openalex.org/W2166510577', 'https://openalex.org/W2167364059', 'https://openalex.org/W2167951823', 'https://openalex.org/W2270361083', 'https://openalex.org/W2306476516', 'https://openalex.org/W2624262714', 'https://openalex.org/W26892199', 'https://openalex.org/W2726474170', 'https://openalex.org/W2912293881', 'https://openalex.org/W2966997125', 'https://openalex.org/W3005115464', 'https://openalex.org/W303657718', 'https://openalex.org/W3106340805', 'https://openalex.org/W3122000667', 'https://openalex.org/W393180982', 'https://openalex.org/W4210788696', 'https://openalex.org/W4233013831', 'https://openalex.org/W4233918678', 'https://openalex.org/W4236013100', 'https://openalex.org/W4236281375', 'https://openalex.org/W4239232206', 'https://openalex.org/W4239315880', 'https://openalex.org/W4241576910', 'https://openalex.org/W4249247059', 'https://openalex.org/W567313566'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W60618959', 'https://openalex.org/W4285097879', 'https://openalex.org/W3188116539', 'https://openalex.org/W2532620769', 'https://openalex.org/W2391371786', 'https://openalex.org/W2332968864', 'https://openalex.org/W2323236149', 'https://openalex.org/W2172059766', 'https://openalex.org/W2018736390', 'https://openalex.org/W1555506539'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'The': [1], 'resurgence': [2], 'of': [3, 37, 41, 61, 70, 76, 102, 129, 147, 164], 'interest': [4], 'in': [5, 9, 111, 131], 'collective': [6, 62, 100, 139], 'behavior': [7, 63, 140, 150], 'is': [8, 161], 'large': [10, 28], 'part': [11], 'due': [12], 'to': [13, 153], 'tools': [14], 'recently': [15], 'made': [16], 'available': [17], 'for': [18, 26, 49, 121, 167], 'conducting': [19], 'laboratory': [20], 'experiments': [21], 'on': [22], 'groups,': [23], 'statistical': [24], 'methods': [25, 48], 'analyzing': [27], 'data': [29], 'sets': [30], 'reflecting': [31], 'social': [32, 55], 'interactions,': [33, 86], 'the': [34, 67, 73, 91, 99, 125, 145, 162], 'rapid': [35], 'growth': [36], 'a': [38], 'diverse': [39], 'variety': [40], 'online': [42, 133], 'self‐organized': [43], 'collectives,': [44], 'and': [45, 53, 87, 113, 119, 124, 127, 159], 'computational': [46], 'modeling': [47, 166], 'understanding': [50, 168], 'both': [51], 'universal': [52], 'scenario‐specific': [54], 'patterns.': [56], 'We': [57], 'consider': [58], 'case': [59], 'studies': [60], 'along': [64], 'four': [65], 'attributes:': [66], 'primary': [68], 'motivation': [69], 'individuals': [71], 'within': [72], 'group,': [74], 'kinds': [75], 'interactions': [77], 'among': [78], 'individuals,': [79], 'typical': [80], 'dynamics': [81], 'that': [82], 'result': [83], 'from': [84], 'these': [85], 'characteristic': [88], 'outcomes': [89], 'at': [90], 'group': [92, 149, 169], 'level.': [93], 'With': [94], 'this': [95], 'framework,': [96], 'we': [97], 'compare': [98], 'patterns': [101], 'noninteracting': [103], 'decision': [104], 'makers,': [105], 'bee': [106], 'swarms,': [107], 'groups': [108], 'forming': [109], 'paths': [110], 'physical': [112], 'abstract': [114], 'spaces,': [115], 'sports': [116], 'teams,': [117], 'cooperation': [118], 'competition': [120], 'resource': [122], 'usage,': [123], 'spread': [126], 'extension': [128], 'innovations': [130], 'an': [132], 'community.': [134], 'Some': [135], 'critical': [136], 'issues': [137], 'surrounding': [138], 'are': [141], 'then': [142], 'reviewed,': [143], 'including': [144], 'questions': [146], '“Does': [148], 'always': [151], 'reduce': [152], 'individual': [154], 'behavior?”“Is': [155], '‘group': [156], 'cognition’': [157], 'possible?”': [158], '“What': [160], 'value': [163], 'formal': [165], 'behavior?”': [170]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3188116539', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T03:39:37.898196', 'created_date': '2021-08-16'}