Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3155506694', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1886', 'title': 'The Bangladesh Army: What It Costs to Remain Apolitical', 'display_name': 'The Bangladesh Army: What It Costs to Remain Apolitical', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-03-24', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3155506694', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1886', 'mag': '3155506694'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1886', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4363604323', 'display_name': 'Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'reference-entry', 'type_crossref': 'reference-entry', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077405316', 'display_name': 'Smruti S. Pattanaik', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-0512'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Smruti S. Pattanaik', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5077405316'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 57}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13826', 'display_name': 'Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development', 'score': 0.9831, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13826', 'display_name': 'Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development', 'score': 0.9831, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12550', 'display_name': 'Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East', 'score': 0.933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10070', 'display_name': 'Political Conflict and Governance', 'score': 0.9317, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/civil–military-relations', 'display_name': 'Civil–military relations', 'score': 0.6707399}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/military-threat', 'display_name': 'Military threat', 'score': 0.6460438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/military-theory', 'display_name': 'Military theory', 'score': 0.61155033}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dominance', 'display_name': 'Dominance (genetics)', 'score': 0.5679572}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781145704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5124770', 'display_name': 'Civil–military relations', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6707399}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110956428', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6857873', 'display_name': 'Military threat', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6460438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64102745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C541409800', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15680550', 'display_name': 'Military theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61155033}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151913843', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555', 'display_name': 'Dominance (genetics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5679572}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46295352', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982', 'display_name': 'Legitimacy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56714875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186229450', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008', 'display_name': 'Sovereignty', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55785143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5468951}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.54206204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555826173', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174', 'display_name': 'Democracy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53334546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48103436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031', 'display_name': 'State (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48032108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C451841', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192386', 'display_name': 'Military science', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45783615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39389867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767', 'display_name': 'Corporate governance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4141869}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39689767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28923565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12017214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08670884}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1886', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4363604323', 'display_name': 'Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.77, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W44171865', 'https://openalex.org/W341741226', 'https://openalex.org/W3165705099', 'https://openalex.org/W3021853509', 'https://openalex.org/W2763701520', 'https://openalex.org/W271135396', 'https://openalex.org/W2460182982', 'https://openalex.org/W2155530905', 'https://openalex.org/W2153617328', 'https://openalex.org/W1501868537'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 201, 276], 'any': [1, 283], 'nascent': [2], 'democracy,': [3], 'the': [4, 19, 29, 32, 35, 39, 42, 59, 105, 139, 161, 189, 195, 204, 236, 254, 289, 301, 308, 312, 328, 338, 348, 357, 371, 382, 385, 391, 397, 403], 'military': [5, 33, 43, 60, 77, 106, 133, 178, 183, 198, 274, 313, 386], 'as': [6, 109, 114, 233, 317], 'an': [7], 'organized': [8], 'force': [9, 47], 'is': [10, 44, 93, 107, 124, 144, 186, 207, 261, 296], 'a': [11, 45, 49, 68, 89, 101, 115, 119, 136, 171, 220, 248, 262, 273, 293, 423], 'dominant': [12, 69, 263], 'factor': [13, 70, 264], 'in': [14, 25, 34, 71, 145, 147, 242, 281, 299], 'politics.': [15], 'The': [16], 'nature': [17, 162], 'of': [18, 31, 63, 122, 138, 163, 175, 235, 239, 285, 292, 311, 350, 359, 362, 384, 393, 418], 'relationship': [20], 'between': [21], 'different': [22], 'institutions,': [23], 'especially': [24], 'fledgling': [26], 'democracies,': [27], 'decides': [28], 'position': [30], 'state.': [36, 237], 'Compared': [37], 'to': [38, 96, 127, 158, 232, 246, 271, 307, 323, 375], 'political': [40, 221, 226, 320, 406, 413], 'parties,': [41], 'cohesive': [46], 'with': [48, 166], 'command': [50], 'structure': [51, 330, 420], 'that': [52, 73, 132, 250, 265, 331, 421], 'ensures': [53], 'orders': [54], 'are': [55, 135, 229, 415], 'dutifully': [56], 'implemented.': [57], 'Often': [58], 'becomes': [61], 'part': [62], 'contested': [64], 'politics': [65], 'and': [66, 92, 111, 141, 160, 197, 213, 252, 256, 279, 342, 353, 355, 380, 410, 412], 'remains': [67, 88], 'countries': [72], 'were': [74], 'previously': [75], 'under': [76], 'rule.': [78], 'This': [79], 'could': [80], 'be': [81, 152, 305, 324], 'for': [82, 267], 'two': [83], 'reasons.': [84], 'First,': [85], 'their': [86, 142, 164, 319], 'regime': [87], 'reference': [90], 'point': [91], 'often': [94, 112, 230], 'compared': [95], 'democratic': [97], 'regimes': [98, 134], 'thereby': [99], 'creating': [100], 'legitimacy': [102], 'factor.': [103], 'Second,': [104], 'seen': [108], 'savior': [110], 'portrayed': [113], 'fall-back': [116], 'option': [117], 'if': [118], 'civilian': [120, 167, 372, 394], 'system': [121], 'governance': [123], 'not': [125, 151, 181, 208, 365], 'able': [126], 'deliver.': [128], 'Though': [129], 'many': [130], 'argue': [131], 'thing': [137], 'past': [140], 'role': [143, 349], 'fact': [146], 'decline,': [148], 'this': [149], 'may': [150], 'true.': [153], 'Military': [154, 315], 'institutions': [155], 'have': [156], 'adapted': [157], 'change': [159], 'interactions': [165], 'groups': [168], 'has': [169], 'undergone': [170], 'shift.': [172], 'However,': [173], 'use': [174], 'coercion': [176], 'by': [177, 188], 'authority': [179], 'does': [180, 364], 'explain': [182], 'dominance.': [184], 'Much': [185], 'determined': [187], 'structural': [190, 255], 'factors': [191, 270], 'within': [192, 288, 402], 'which': [193], 'both': [194], 'civil': [196], 'agents': [199, 316], 'operate.': [200], 'some': [202], 'cases,': [203], 'military’s': [205], 'preserve': [206], 'only': [209], 'ensuring': [210], 'state': [211, 419], '“sovereignty”': [212], 'its': [214], 'territorial': [215], 'integrity': [216], 'but': [217, 369], 'also': [218, 346], 'preventing': [219], 'catastrophe': [222], 'from': [223], 'happening': [224], 'during': [225], 'transition.': [227], 'They': [228], 'referred': [231], 'guardians': [234], 'Study': [238], 'civil–military': [240, 286], 'relations': [241, 287], 'South': [243, 277], 'Asia': [244], 'tends': [245], 'follow': [247], 'narrative': [249], 'synthesizes': [251], 'combines': [253], 'agency-related': [257], 'issues.': [258], 'Agency,': [259], 'however,': [260], 'waits': [266], 'structurally': [268], 'enabling': [269], 'contemplate': [272], 'takeover.': [275], 'Asia,': [278], 'particularly': [280], 'Bangladesh,': [282], 'study': [284], 'theoretical': [290], 'framework': [291], 'structure-agency': [294, 302], 'divide': [295, 303], 'inadequate.': [297], 'Challenges': [298], 'studying': [300], 'can': [304], 'attributed': [306], 'larger-than-life': [309], 'image': [310], 'agency.': [314], 'actors,': [318], 'motives': [321], 'appear': [322], 'more': [325], 'important': [326, 416], 'than': [327], 'societal': [329], 'influences': [332], 'decision.': [333], 'Social': [334], 'class,': [335], 'macroeconomic': [336], 'situations,': [337], 'society-governing': [339], 'class': [340], 'interface,': [341], 'lopsided': [343], 'institutional': [344, 408], 'developments': [345], 'shape': [347], 'agencies': [351], '(civil': [352], 'military)': [354], 'determine': [356], 'balance': [358], 'power.': [360], 'Absence': [361], 'coup': [363], 'imply': [366], '“civilian': [367], 'control,”': [368], 'rather': [370], 'government’s': [373], 'ability': [374], 'decide': [376], 'on': [377, 405, 425], 'posting,': [378], 'promoting,': [379], 'shaping': [381], 'vision': [383], 'regarding': [387], 'threat': [388], 'perception': [389], 'determines': [390], 'extent': [392], 'control': [395], 'over': [396], 'military.': [398], 'Political': [399], 'culture,': [400], 'agreement': [401], 'society': [404], 'structure,': [407], 'checks': [409], 'balances,': [411], 'socialization': [414], 'aspects': [417], 'acts': [422], 'constraint': [424], 'Agency’s': [426], 'action.': [427]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3155506694', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T15:37:08.295424', 'created_date': '2021-04-26'}