Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3140404497', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-125856/v1', 'title': 'Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Traditional Landraces and Improved Cultivars of Rice', 'display_name': 'Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Traditional Landraces and Improved Cultivars of Rice', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-12-16', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3140404497', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-125856/v1', 'mag': '3140404497'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-125856/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-125856/v1.pdf?c=1631881912000', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-125856/v1.pdf?c=1631881912000', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051578078', 'display_name': 'Nageen Zahra', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nageen Zahra', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027187865', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Kashif Naeem', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-4957'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Kashif Naeem', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018872424', 'display_name': 'Bilal Saleem', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bilal Saleem', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009174893', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Aqeel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0690-4783'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Aqeel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037947193', 'display_name': 'Wajya Ajmal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-8583'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wajya Ajmal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042597238', 'display_name': 'Syed Adeel Zafar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4859-144X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Syed Adeel Zafar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Bio-Technology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037677683', 'display_name': 'Shahzad Amir Naveed', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-0075'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138501', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0313jb750', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127390', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210151987']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158190', 'display_name': 'Institute of Crop Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/051abs833', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127390', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210151987', 'https://openalex.org/I4210158190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shahzad Amir Naveed', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Sciences'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Sciences', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210158190']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045984287', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Ramzan Khan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-6556'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799809383', 'display_name': 'Pakistan Agricultural Research Council', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04eq9g543', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799809383']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Ramzan Khan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['PARC: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'PARC: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799809383']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5045984287'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799809383'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.749731, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 69, 'max': 73}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11468', 'display_name': 'Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals', 'score': 0.9898, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11468', 'display_name': 'Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals', 'score': 0.9898, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13142', 'display_name': 'GABA and Rice Research', 'score': 0.9865, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12045', 'display_name': 'Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement', 'score': 0.9419, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-erosion', 'display_name': 'Genetic erosion', 'score': 0.65397274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-breeding', 'display_name': 'Plant Breeding', 'score': 0.4363959}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81977670', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259', 'display_name': 'Genetic diversity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.87995803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134387633', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11395', 'display_name': 'Domestication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.78651893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7660021}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197321923', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886', 'display_name': 'Cultivar', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7032112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C194187813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3073371', 'display_name': 'Genetic erosion', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.65397274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1244910', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1481109', 'display_name': 'Inbreeding depression', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5908352}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54227394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68873052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856', 'display_name': 'Genetic variation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46407536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155015343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788558', 'display_name': 'Plant breeding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4363959}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777782036', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38978', 'display_name': 'Inbreeding', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41489655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3897298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37624347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13817218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.112084925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-125856/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-125856/v1.pdf?c=1631881912000', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-125856/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-125856/v1.pdf?c=1631881912000', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Climate action', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'score': 0.66}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 63, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1501893576', 'https://openalex.org/W1906974606', 'https://openalex.org/W1965243405', 'https://openalex.org/W1984390786', 'https://openalex.org/W1988107604', 'https://openalex.org/W2006066143', 'https://openalex.org/W2008666380', 'https://openalex.org/W2009900940', 'https://openalex.org/W2011339083', 'https://openalex.org/W2016705673', 'https://openalex.org/W2017586115', 'https://openalex.org/W2036419726', 'https://openalex.org/W2037239788', 'https://openalex.org/W2061548401', 'https://openalex.org/W2067360216', 'https://openalex.org/W2068427983', 'https://openalex.org/W2090611590', 'https://openalex.org/W2091169910', 'https://openalex.org/W2093049842', 'https://openalex.org/W2098831739', 'https://openalex.org/W2105729200', 'https://openalex.org/W2107913703', 'https://openalex.org/W2108524369', 'https://openalex.org/W2110035718', 'https://openalex.org/W2116361866', 'https://openalex.org/W2118122261', 'https://openalex.org/W2124532543', 'https://openalex.org/W2127367029', 'https://openalex.org/W2149992227', 'https://openalex.org/W2150457970', 'https://openalex.org/W2152224191', 'https://openalex.org/W2158018108', 'https://openalex.org/W2168804352', 'https://openalex.org/W2174916093', 'https://openalex.org/W2196863019', 'https://openalex.org/W2295921135', 'https://openalex.org/W2336330109', 'https://openalex.org/W2365142070', 'https://openalex.org/W2378493392', 'https://openalex.org/W2435384384', 'https://openalex.org/W2515178125', 'https://openalex.org/W2749045906', 'https://openalex.org/W2760544538', 'https://openalex.org/W2777359558', 'https://openalex.org/W2787527095', 'https://openalex.org/W2790329381', 'https://openalex.org/W2800434159', 'https://openalex.org/W2807452401', 'https://openalex.org/W2808419439', 'https://openalex.org/W2892143110', 'https://openalex.org/W2898520168', 'https://openalex.org/W2907852409', 'https://openalex.org/W2936410853', 'https://openalex.org/W2959489859', 'https://openalex.org/W2988001967', 'https://openalex.org/W3032626470', 'https://openalex.org/W4213351785', 'https://openalex.org/W4231311503', 'https://openalex.org/W4255648126', 'https://openalex.org/W4293155584', 'https://openalex.org/W4390807889', 'https://openalex.org/W4394666350', 'https://openalex.org/W987366515'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4252456484', 'https://openalex.org/W4249259567', 'https://openalex.org/W4243348370', 'https://openalex.org/W3195162218', 'https://openalex.org/W2904614647', 'https://openalex.org/W2176933605', 'https://openalex.org/W2156787255', 'https://openalex.org/W2082181286', 'https://openalex.org/W2071787672', 'https://openalex.org/W2039315794'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Background:': [1], 'Rice': [2, 15], 'is': [3, 30], 'the': [4, 12, 21, 26, 39, 59, 70, 84, 95, 128, 133, 140, 144, 161, 188, 221, 229, 246, 266, 276], 'staple': [5], 'food': [6, 23], 'for': [7, 32, 41, 279], 'more': [8], 'than': [9, 119], 'half': [10], 'of': [11, 46, 61, 73, 87, 100, 109, 164, 268], "world's": [13], 'population.': [14], 'cultivation': [16], 'needs': [17], 'expansion': [18], 'to': [19, 54, 58, 77, 148, 159, 262, 274, 283], 'meet': [20], 'increasing': [22], 'demands': [24], 'across': [25], 'globe.': [27], 'Genetic': [28], 'diversity': [29, 72, 86, 131, 153, 174], 'desired': [31], 'crop': [33], 'breeding': [34, 51, 65, 238, 247], 'because': [35], 'it': [36], 'serves': [37], 'as': [38], 'backbone': [40], 'improving': [42], 'cultivars.': [43, 121, 179], 'The': [44, 122, 151], 'process': [45], 'domestication': [47], 'and': [48, 90, 113, 172, 197, 203, 216, 240, 281], 'modern': [49, 177, 230, 254], 'plant': [50], 'technologies': [52], 'applied': [53, 158], 'rice': [55, 75, 102, 149, 178], 'has': [56], 'contributed': [57], 'erosion': [60], 'genetic': [62, 71, 85, 110, 130, 152, 162, 169, 181, 234, 259], 'diversity.': [63], 'Current': [64], 'programs': [66], 'have': [67, 256], 'extensively': [68], 'shaped': [69], 'elite': [74], 'cultivars': [76, 92, 231, 255], 'no': [78, 233], 'small': [79], 'extent.': [80], 'Results:': [81], 'We': [82, 104], 'explored': [83], 'traditional': [88], 'landraces': [89, 118, 269], 'improved': [91, 120], 'by': [93], 'inspecting': [94], 'whole': [96], 'genome': [97, 267], 'SNP': [98], 'markers': [99], '20': [101], 'accessions.': [103], 'found': [105], 'a': [106, 257, 271], 'higher': [107, 129], 'number': [108], 'variations': [111], '(76.70%)': [112], 'observed': [114], 'heterozygosity': [115], '(0.024)': [116], 'in': [117, 176, 236, 245], 'principal': [123], 'component': [124], 'analysis': [125, 186], 'also': [126], 'revealed': [127, 167], 'among': [132, 228], 'landraces.': [134, 263], 'While': [135], 'population': [136], 'structure': [137, 146], 'based': [138], 'on': [139], 'phylogenetic': [141], 'tree': [142], 'suggested': [143], "population's": [145], 'according': [147], 'subspecies.': [150], 'parameter,': [154], 'F': [155], 'ST,': [156], 'was': [157], 'estimate': [160], 'differentiation': [163, 170, 182], 'rice,': [165], 'which': [166], 'week': [168], '(0.121)': [171], 'nucleotide': [173], '(0.314)': [175], 'Genome-wide': [180], '(F': [183], 'ST': [184], ')': [185, 196], 'identified': [187], 'two': [189], 'domesticated': [190], 'genes:': [191, 206], 'Kala4': [192], '(': [193, 199], 'pericarp': [194], 'color': [195], 'Ghd7': [198], 'heading': [200], 'date': [201], '),': [202], 'eight': [204], 'improvement': [205], 'Sd1,': [207], 'Ghd8': [208], ',': [209, 211, 213, 215], 'GW2': [210], 'NRT1.1b': [212], 'GW6a': [214], 'Hd3a,': [217], 'that': [218, 253, 290], 'coincide': [219], 'with': [220], 'candidate': [222], 'selective': [223], 'sweeps.': [224], 'Inbreeding': [225], 'depression': [226], '(0.68617)': [227], 'suggests': [232], 'gain': [235], 'future': [237], 'efforts': [239], 'compels': [241], 'exotic': [242], 'material': [243], 'utilization': [244], 'programs.': [248], 'Conclusion:': [249], 'These': [250], 'findings': [251], 'demonstrate': [252], 'narrow': [258], 'base': [260], 'compared': [261], 'Therefore,': [264], 'exploring': [265], 'at': [270], 'large': [272], 'scale': [273], 'identify': [275], 'genes': [277], 'responsible': [278], 'stability': [280], 'adaptation': [282], 'abiotic': [284], 'stresses': [285], 'can': [286, 291], 'help': [287], 'design': [288], 'varieties': [289], 'survive': [292], 'vulnerable': [293], 'climates.': [294]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3140404497', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-29T13:21:28.561797', 'created_date': '2021-04-13'}