Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3138881018', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.873', 'title': 'Modelling count data with an excess of zero values applied to childhood bone tumour incidence in Iraq', 'display_name': 'Modelling count data with an excess of zero values applied to childhood bone tumour incidence in Iraq', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-03-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3138881018', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.873', 'mag': '3138881018', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33733648'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.873', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/download/873/941', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S193409603', 'display_name': 'Geospatial health', 'issn_l': '1827-1987', 'issn': ['1827-1987', '1970-7096'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319913', 'host_organization_name': 'PAGEPress (Italy)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319913'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['PAGEPress (Italy)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/download/873/941', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048389274', 'display_name': 'Muzahem Al-Hashimi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-0131'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12150220', 'display_name': 'University of Mosul', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/039cf4q47', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12150220']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Muzahem Mohammed Al-Hashimi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Statistics and Informatics, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Statistics and Informatics, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12150220']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005277822', 'display_name': 'Hasmek Antranik Warttan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143651', 'display_name': 'Northern Technical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ytenv10', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143651']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Hasmek Antranik Warttan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Business Management Techniques, Administrative Technical College, Northern Technical University, Mosul'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Business Management Techniques, Administrative Technical College, Northern Technical University, Mosul', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143651']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5048389274', 'https://openalex.org/A5005277822'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12150220', 'https://openalex.org/I4210143651'], 'apc_list': {'value': 750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 808, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 808, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 57}, 'biblio': {'volume': '16', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14374', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Epidemiology', 'score': 0.8352, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14374', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Epidemiology', 'score': 0.8352, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14090', 'display_name': 'Health and Conflict Studies', 'score': 0.7895, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14245', 'display_name': 'Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms', 'score': 0.714, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-ratio', 'display_name': 'Rate ratio', 'score': 0.73284864}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73269764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529', 'display_name': 'Poisson regression', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.85603654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199335787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743364', 'display_name': 'Negative binomial distribution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8031893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61511704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857', 'display_name': 'Incidence (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7821044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167704817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295548', 'display_name': 'Rate ratio', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.73284864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100906024', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692', 'display_name': 'Poisson distribution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7113592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6852246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5856789}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33643355', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176731', 'display_name': 'Count data', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5219402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44249647', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498', 'display_name': 'Confidence interval', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4157096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35542697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29609185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17544645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1524724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13894689}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001859', 'descriptor_name': 'Bone Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015233', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Statistical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001859', 'descriptor_name': 'Bone Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002675', 'descriptor_name': 'Child, Preschool', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015994', 'descriptor_name': 'Incidence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007223', 'descriptor_name': 'Infant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007231', 'descriptor_name': 'Infant, Newborn', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007493', 'descriptor_name': 'Iraq', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007493', 'descriptor_name': 'Iraq', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016012', 'descriptor_name': 'Poisson Distribution', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055815', 'descriptor_name': 'Young Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.873', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/download/873/941', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S193409603', 'display_name': 'Geospatial health', 'issn_l': '1827-1987', 'issn': ['1827-1987', '1970-7096'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319913', 'host_organization_name': 'PAGEPress (Italy)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319913'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['PAGEPress (Italy)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/eb1e03d330864ac682a7fd8e72298c81', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33733648', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.873', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/download/873/941', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S193409603', 'display_name': 'Geospatial health', 'issn_l': '1827-1987', 'issn': ['1827-1987', '1970-7096'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319913', 'host_organization_name': 'PAGEPress (Italy)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319913'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['PAGEPress (Italy)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.51, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W158339772', 'https://openalex.org/W1895614772', 'https://openalex.org/W1942781777', 'https://openalex.org/W1970044156', 'https://openalex.org/W1973628995', 'https://openalex.org/W1977009248', 'https://openalex.org/W1983055757', 'https://openalex.org/W1988325237', 'https://openalex.org/W198872722', 'https://openalex.org/W1990749525', 'https://openalex.org/W1995117457', 'https://openalex.org/W2000217892', 'https://openalex.org/W2002440274', 'https://openalex.org/W2005903772', 'https://openalex.org/W2019191856', 'https://openalex.org/W2047245431', 'https://openalex.org/W2079662463', 'https://openalex.org/W2119634512', 'https://openalex.org/W2126062956', 'https://openalex.org/W2131624435', 'https://openalex.org/W2135451102', 'https://openalex.org/W2155271764', 'https://openalex.org/W2167731961', 'https://openalex.org/W2188532683', 'https://openalex.org/W2317702369', 'https://openalex.org/W2473733173', 'https://openalex.org/W2516135447', 'https://openalex.org/W2519865293', 'https://openalex.org/W2561671146', 'https://openalex.org/W2605307592', 'https://openalex.org/W2605654758', 'https://openalex.org/W2801561824', 'https://openalex.org/W2802518092', 'https://openalex.org/W2966589651', 'https://openalex.org/W2981361303', 'https://openalex.org/W3100335822', 'https://openalex.org/W3141897683', 'https://openalex.org/W4245103890'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4319841362', 'https://openalex.org/W4280555366', 'https://openalex.org/W3210390693', 'https://openalex.org/W3134844154', 'https://openalex.org/W2503331259', 'https://openalex.org/W2159796125', 'https://openalex.org/W2060931646', 'https://openalex.org/W1976942539', 'https://openalex.org/W1849881158', 'https://openalex.org/W1578743158'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Bone': [0], 'tumours': [1, 106, 212], 'are': [2, 15, 34], 'rarely': [3], 'found': [4, 98, 169], 'in': [5, 20, 25, 137, 165, 213, 224], 'children': [6], 'and': [7, 37, 52, 72, 113, 119, 151, 155, 163], 'adolescents': [8], '(0-': [9], '19': [10], 'years': [11, 115], 'old),': [12], 'but': [13], 'there': [14], 'reports': [16], 'from': [17], 'some': [18], 'provinces': [19, 161], 'Iraq': [21], 'indicating': [22], 'possible': [23], 'increases': [24], 'the': [26, 66, 77, 88, 92, 100, 125, 145, 160, 166, 184, 219], 'incidence': [27, 101, 130, 174, 186], 'of': [28, 79, 104, 110, 198, 221, 227, 232], 'childhood': [29, 209], 'bone': [30, 105, 211], 'cancer.': [31], 'Since': [32], 'counts': [33], 'very': [35], 'low': [36], 'often': [38], 'zero,': [39, 42], 'or': [40], 'near': [41], 'we': [43], 'fitted': [44], 'zero-inflated': [45, 47, 89], 'Poisson,': [46], 'negative': [48, 53], 'binomial,': [49], 'Poisson': [50, 90], 'hurdle,': [51], 'binomial': [54], 'hurdle': [55], 'regression': [56], 'models': [57], 'to': [58, 124, 140, 143, 170, 218], 'investigate': [59], 'these': [60], 'changes.': [61], 'We': [62, 96], 'used': [63], 'data': [64], 'covering': [65], '2000-2015': [67], 'period': [68], 'taking': [69], 'age,': [70], 'gender': [71], 'province': [73], 'into': [74, 208], 'account': [75], 'with': [76, 193], 'aim': [78], 'identifying': [80], 'potential': [81], 'health': [82], 'disparities.': [83], 'The': [84, 129, 202], 'results': [85], 'indicate': [86], 'that': [87, 183, 205], 'is': [91, 215], 'most': [93], 'appropriate': [94], 'approach.': [95], 'also': [97], 'that,': [99], 'rate': [102, 131, 146, 175, 187], 'ratio': [103], 'for': [107], 'age': [108], 'groups': [109], '5-9,': [111], '10-14': [112], '15-19': [114], 'were': [116, 168], '134%,': [117], '490%': [118], '723%': [120], 'higher,': [121], 'respectively,': [122], 'compared': [123, 139], '0-4': [126], 'year': [127], 'olds.': [128], 'was': [132, 147], 'higher': [133, 136, 148, 173], 'by': [134, 153], '49%': [135], 'males': [138], 'females.': [141], 'Compared': [142], '2000-2004,': [144], 'during': [149, 200], '2005-2009': [150], '2010-2015': [152], '23%': [154], '50%,': [156], 'respectively.': [157], 'In': [158], 'addition,': [159], 'Al-Muthana': [162], 'Al-Diwaniyah': [164], 'South': [167], 'have': [171], 'a': [172, 189], 'than': [176], 'other': [177], 'provinces.': [178], 'Join': [179], 'point': [180], 'analysis': [181], 'showed': [182], 'age-adjusted': [185], 'had': [188], 'significant,': [190], 'increasing': [191], 'trend,': [192], 'an': [194], 'average': [195], 'percentage': [196], 'change': [197], '3.1%': [199], '2000-2015.': [201], 'study': [203], 'suggests': [204], 'further': [206], 'research': [207], 'tumours,': [210], 'particular,': [214], 'needed.': [216], 'Reference': [217], 'effect': [220], 'environmental': [222], 'factors': [223], 'this': [225], 'group': [226], 'medical': [228], 'disorders': [229], 'would': [230], 'be': [231], 'special': [233], 'interest.': [234]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138881018', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-18T13:04:03.527571', 'created_date': '2021-03-29'}