Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3137354534', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3068385', 'title': 'Biometrics and Privacy-Preservation: How Do They Evolve?', 'display_name': 'Biometrics and Privacy-Preservation: How Do They Evolve?', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3137354534', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3068385', 'mag': '3137354534'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3068385', 'pdf_url': 'https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09384181.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210176459', 'display_name': 'IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society', 'issn_l': '2644-1268', 'issn': ['2644-1268'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09384181.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083180770', 'display_name': 'Quang Nhat Tran', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-9447'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I188329596', 'display_name': 'University of Canberra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s1nv328', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I188329596']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I31746571', 'display_name': 'UNSW Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03r8z3t63', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I31746571']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Quang Nhat Tran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I188329596', 'https://openalex.org/I31746571']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022626159', 'display_name': 'Benjamin Turnbull', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-5032'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I31746571', 'display_name': 'UNSW Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03r8z3t63', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I31746571']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I188329596', 'display_name': 'University of Canberra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s1nv328', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I188329596']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Benjamin P. Turnbull', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I31746571', 'https://openalex.org/I188329596']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075234257', 'display_name': 'Jiankun Hu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-1432'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I188329596', 'display_name': 'University of Canberra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s1nv328', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I188329596']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I31746571', 'display_name': 'UNSW Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03r8z3t63', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I31746571']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jiankun Hu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I188329596', 'https://openalex.org/I31746571']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 1750, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1750, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1750, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1750, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 4.574, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 34, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999741, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '179', 'last_page': '191'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10828', 'display_name': 'Biometric Identification and Security', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10828', 'display_name': 'Biometric Identification and Security', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11800', 'display_name': 'User Authentication and Security Systems', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10388', 'display_name': 'Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques', 'score': 0.9827, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research', 'display_name': 'Open research', 'score': 0.4371964}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184297639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765', 'display_name': 'Biometrics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.845255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7018502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58642233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924', 'display_name': 'Taxonomy (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62752825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5874671}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148417208', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882', 'display_name': 'Authentication (law)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5319073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178489894', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789', 'display_name': 'Cryptography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50190806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46927586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26517878', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039', 'display_name': 'Key (lock)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45605892}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778464652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849', 'display_name': 'Open research', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4371964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43212798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165064840', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061', 'display_name': 'Matching (statistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42788017}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108827166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975', 'display_name': 'Internet privacy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3554659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23793527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0661346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3068385', 'pdf_url': 'https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09384181.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210176459', 'display_name': 'IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society', 'issn_l': '2644-1268', 'issn': ['2644-1268'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/d74dab1636954a739d1161bc73f87425', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3068385', 'pdf_url': 'https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09384181.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210176459', 'display_name': 'IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society', 'issn_l': '2644-1268', 'issn': ['2644-1268'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.47}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 114, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1490122681', 'https://openalex.org/W1498573661', 'https://openalex.org/W1525023074', 'https://openalex.org/W1542412379', 'https://openalex.org/W1574880210', 'https://openalex.org/W1589034595', 'https://openalex.org/W1589647164', 'https://openalex.org/W1887546054', 'https://openalex.org/W1963765109', 'https://openalex.org/W1965036518', 'https://openalex.org/W1968608668', 'https://openalex.org/W1968621568', 'https://openalex.org/W1975362803', 'https://openalex.org/W1982107991', 'https://openalex.org/W1987266619', 'https://openalex.org/W1987551552', 'https://openalex.org/W1998690447', 'https://openalex.org/W2000947714', 'https://openalex.org/W2009476254', 'https://openalex.org/W2010135280', 'https://openalex.org/W2018300500', 'https://openalex.org/W2032551902', 'https://openalex.org/W2035092087', 'https://openalex.org/W2037894298', 'https://openalex.org/W2039639889', 'https://openalex.org/W2041942569', 'https://openalex.org/W2047311872', 'https://openalex.org/W2053875060', 'https://openalex.org/W2056610114', 'https://openalex.org/W2073172772', 'https://openalex.org/W2074078450', 'https://openalex.org/W2083670679', 'https://openalex.org/W2084773163', 'https://openalex.org/W2095018859', 'https://openalex.org/W2100355289', 'https://openalex.org/W2102796633', 'https://openalex.org/W2103739294', 'https://openalex.org/W2108105641', 'https://openalex.org/W2109990464', 'https://openalex.org/W2110765466', 'https://openalex.org/W2111251300', 'https://openalex.org/W2114212719', 'https://openalex.org/W2118971792', 'https://openalex.org/W2120452215', 'https://openalex.org/W2123615065', 'https://openalex.org/W2126677572', 'https://openalex.org/W2126960670', 'https://openalex.org/W2127697997', 'https://openalex.org/W2129905915', 'https://openalex.org/W2130483126', 'https://openalex.org/W2132104730', 'https://openalex.org/W2132602801', 'https://openalex.org/W2134408546', 'https://openalex.org/W2135220659', 'https://openalex.org/W2138474025', 'https://openalex.org/W2139055193', 'https://openalex.org/W2147640460', 'https://openalex.org/W2147668280', 'https://openalex.org/W2150250664', 'https://openalex.org/W2151148935', 'https://openalex.org/W2151854612', 'https://openalex.org/W2152413067', 'https://openalex.org/W2160367574', 'https://openalex.org/W2163208397', 'https://openalex.org/W2165019583', 'https://openalex.org/W2166011144', 'https://openalex.org/W2167310982', 'https://openalex.org/W2167699387', 'https://openalex.org/W2171759622', 'https://openalex.org/W2225841998', 'https://openalex.org/W2232398035', 'https://openalex.org/W2315893942', 'https://openalex.org/W2468714721', 'https://openalex.org/W2500986216', 'https://openalex.org/W2515444538', 'https://openalex.org/W2516575313', 'https://openalex.org/W2570008916', 'https://openalex.org/W2574707829', 'https://openalex.org/W2578517905', 'https://openalex.org/W2588371033', 'https://openalex.org/W2765793054', 'https://openalex.org/W2769093353', 'https://openalex.org/W2791759164', 'https://openalex.org/W2793532186', 'https://openalex.org/W2806245398', 'https://openalex.org/W2807766446', 'https://openalex.org/W2841639245', 'https://openalex.org/W2903943147', 'https://openalex.org/W2911720923', 'https://openalex.org/W2945741063', 'https://openalex.org/W2946327825', 'https://openalex.org/W2946595465', 'https://openalex.org/W2951043353', 'https://openalex.org/W2955161691', 'https://openalex.org/W2968387701', 'https://openalex.org/W2979483133', 'https://openalex.org/W2981119552', 'https://openalex.org/W2984732589', 'https://openalex.org/W2989862324', 'https://openalex.org/W2992394905', 'https://openalex.org/W2994908715', 'https://openalex.org/W3005206852', 'https://openalex.org/W3011940778', 'https://openalex.org/W3013893037', 'https://openalex.org/W3014370958', 'https://openalex.org/W3017032970', 'https://openalex.org/W3017988947', 'https://openalex.org/W3035472613', 'https://openalex.org/W3104110632', 'https://openalex.org/W3118621606', 'https://openalex.org/W3160027900', 'https://openalex.org/W4230888393', 'https://openalex.org/W4297850637', 'https://openalex.org/W86398923'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4300873085', 'https://openalex.org/W4241440711', 'https://openalex.org/W3147744369', 'https://openalex.org/W3104966193', 'https://openalex.org/W2379932303', 'https://openalex.org/W2264845439', 'https://openalex.org/W2183964146', 'https://openalex.org/W2076845124', 'https://openalex.org/W2062586268', 'https://openalex.org/W2019582947'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'emerging': [1], 'field': [2, 40], 'of': [3, 17, 30, 38, 52, 58, 102, 122], 'privacy-preserving': [4, 53, 85], 'biometrics': [5, 54, 105, 130], 'is': [6], 'attracting': [7], 'significant': [8], 'attention,': [9], 'as': [10], 'a': [11, 47, 68, 98], 'paradigm': [12], 'that': [13], 'can': [14], 'address': [15], 'several': [16], 'the': [18, 28, 36, 39, 56, 59, 63, 81, 103, 129, 142, 146], 'key': [19], 'concerns': [20], 'in': [21, 62, 84, 127, 140], 'cryptographic': [22], 'authentication': [23, 87], 'processes,': [24], 'whilst': [25], 'simultaneously': [26], 'addressing': [27], 'issues': [29], 'privacy.': [31], 'This': [32], 'paper': [33], 'contributes': [34], 'to': [35], 'understanding': [37, 141], 'from': [41, 145], 'following': [42], 'perspectives:': [43], '(1)': [44], 'It': [45, 66], 'proposes': [46], 'novel': [48], 'and': [49, 100, 132], 'comprehensive': [50], 'taxonomy': [51, 99], 'for': [55, 125], 'classification': [57], 'knowledge/existing': [60], 'literature': [61, 70], 'field.': [64], '(2)': [65], 'provides': [67], 'taxonomy-guided': [69], 'survey.': [71], '(3)': [72], 'Open': [73], 'research': [74], 'problems/future': [75], 'works': [76], 'are': [77], 'discussed.': [78], '(4)': [79], 'As': [80], 'techniques': [82, 107], 'used': [83], 'biometric': [86, 95], 'systems': [88], 'rely': [89], 'upon,': [90], 'or': [91], 'integrate': [92], 'with,': [93], 'general': [94], 'matching': [96, 106], 'techniques,': [97], 'summary': [101], 'state-of-art': [104], 'has': [108], 'also': [109], 'been': [110], 'developed.': [111], 'Such': [112], 'system-level': [113], 'knowledge': [114], 'organization': [115], 'will': [116], 'help': [117], 'produce': [118], 'excellent': [119], 'self-contained': [120], 'contents': [121], 'reference': [123], 'materials': [124, 144], 'researchers': [126], 'both': [128], 'community': [131, 134], 'cryptography': [133], 'who': [135], 'would': [136], 'otherwise': [137], 'have': [138], 'difficulty': [139], 'relevant': [143], 'other': [147], 'community.': [148]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137354534', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T08:58:15.996317', 'created_date': '2021-03-29'}