Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3131739542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.15.431302', 'title': 'Microstructural determinants of lens stiffness in rat versus guinea pig lenses', 'display_name': 'Microstructural determinants of lens stiffness in rat versus guinea pig lenses', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-02-16', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3131739542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.15.431302', 'mag': '3131739542'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.15.431302', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402567', 'display_name': 'bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.15.431302', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086511870', 'display_name': 'Justin Parreno', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-6255'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86501945', 'display_name': 'University of Delaware', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sbq1a82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Justin Parreno', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5097134221', 'display_name': 'Kalekidan Abera', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86501945', 'display_name': 'University of Delaware', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sbq1a82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kalekidan Abera', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024793658', 'display_name': 'Sandeep Aryal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-4552'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86501945', 'display_name': 'University of Delaware', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sbq1a82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sandeep Aryal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103455994', 'display_name': 'Karen E. Forbes', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86501945', 'display_name': 'University of Delaware', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sbq1a82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karen E. Forbes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware', 'Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027610214', 'display_name': 'Velia M. Fowler', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-8802'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86501945', 'display_name': 'University of Delaware', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sbq1a82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Velia M. Fowler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5086511870', 'https://openalex.org/A5027610214'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86501945', 'https://openalex.org/I86501945'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 57}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11480', 'display_name': 'Connexins and lens biology', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11480', 'display_name': 'Connexins and lens biology', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10563', 'display_name': 'Corneal surgery and disorders', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10381', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lens-fiber', 'display_name': 'Lens Fiber', 'score': 0.7534658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/presbyopia', 'display_name': 'Presbyopia', 'score': 0.5546893}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15336307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051', 'display_name': 'Lens (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8777314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909221355', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146701', 'display_name': 'Lens Fiber', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7534658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780723820', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178', 'display_name': 'Nucleus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5743978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779909278', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319595', 'display_name': 'Presbyopia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5546893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778815084', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79803', 'display_name': 'Guinea pig', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5476793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779372316', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057', 'display_name': 'Stiffness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5419425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48284298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37491786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36558232}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2938806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18505284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.116264045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.086321115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06580803}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.15.431302', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402567', 'display_name': 'bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.15.431302', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402567', 'display_name': 'bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 68, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W129378745', 'https://openalex.org/W1506118172', 'https://openalex.org/W1563814271', 'https://openalex.org/W1582983652', 'https://openalex.org/W1585377784', 'https://openalex.org/W1975995050', 'https://openalex.org/W1976441768', 'https://openalex.org/W1981909444', 'https://openalex.org/W1985231245', 'https://openalex.org/W1987014746', 'https://openalex.org/W1988048007', 'https://openalex.org/W1990665033', 'https://openalex.org/W1993976044', 'https://openalex.org/W2000931619', 'https://openalex.org/W2001012162', 'https://openalex.org/W2009178659', 'https://openalex.org/W2012526748', 'https://openalex.org/W201831221', 'https://openalex.org/W2018878559', 'https://openalex.org/W2020541633', 'https://openalex.org/W2023829520', 'https://openalex.org/W2036682047', 'https://openalex.org/W2040029037', 'https://openalex.org/W2043465439', 'https://openalex.org/W2047255902', 'https://openalex.org/W2047651912', 'https://openalex.org/W2051706064', 'https://openalex.org/W2059678178', 'https://openalex.org/W2065260440', 'https://openalex.org/W2067819953', 'https://openalex.org/W2078690332', 'https://openalex.org/W2079274147', 'https://openalex.org/W2079516125', 'https://openalex.org/W2081439075', 'https://openalex.org/W2085054634', 'https://openalex.org/W2094450831', 'https://openalex.org/W2104148862', 'https://openalex.org/W2107619439', 'https://openalex.org/W2114762906', 'https://openalex.org/W2121096471', 'https://openalex.org/W2124303196', 'https://openalex.org/W2142460261', 'https://openalex.org/W2146257965', 'https://openalex.org/W2165770842', 'https://openalex.org/W2177709815', 'https://openalex.org/W2187243633', 'https://openalex.org/W2188532052', 'https://openalex.org/W2330402453', 'https://openalex.org/W2346464525', 'https://openalex.org/W2397441555', 'https://openalex.org/W2409192988', 'https://openalex.org/W2412134217', 'https://openalex.org/W2417873354', 'https://openalex.org/W2417902372', 'https://openalex.org/W2433295357', 'https://openalex.org/W2598051749', 'https://openalex.org/W2607445051', 'https://openalex.org/W2637699177', 'https://openalex.org/W2950616661', 'https://openalex.org/W2953077224', 'https://openalex.org/W2994932050', 'https://openalex.org/W3011198803', 'https://openalex.org/W3017732814', 'https://openalex.org/W3023740080', 'https://openalex.org/W339929393', 'https://openalex.org/W4286853750', 'https://openalex.org/W46422550', 'https://openalex.org/W68984682'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4321642714', 'https://openalex.org/W4239862151', 'https://openalex.org/W3131739542', 'https://openalex.org/W2316886567', 'https://openalex.org/W2297199156', 'https://openalex.org/W2041464299', 'https://openalex.org/W2030913768', 'https://openalex.org/W2002299381', 'https://openalex.org/W1991164357', 'https://openalex.org/W1979222472'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Proper': [1], 'ocular': [2], 'lens': [3, 6, 18, 27, 38, 97, 105, 117, 136, 161, 203, 211, 216, 227, 235, 242, 251, 258], 'function': [4], 'requires': [5], 'biomechanical': [7, 28, 42, 127, 236], 'flexibility': [8], 'which': [9], 'is': [10, 99], 'lost': [11], 'in': [12, 30, 126, 165, 224, 260], 'presbyopia': [13], 'during': [14], 'aging.': [15], 'As': [16], 'increasing': [17], 'size': [19, 39, 98, 162, 223, 239, 248], 'has': [20], 'been': [21], 'shown': [22], 'previously': [23], 'to': [24, 49, 234, 246], 'correlate': [25, 179], 'with': [26, 160, 180, 244], 'stiffness': [29, 106, 128, 182, 259], 'aging,': [31], 'we': [32, 112, 197], 'tested': [33], 'the': [34, 91, 114, 124, 181, 200, 210, 213, 238, 241, 247, 250], 'hypothesis': [35, 52], 'that': [36, 96, 120, 172, 199], 'whole': [37, 226], 'determines': [40], 'gross': [41], 'stiffness.': [43, 228], 'We': [44], 'used': [45], 'an': [46], 'allometric': [47], 'approach': [48], 'evaluate': [50], 'this': [51], 'by': [53], 'comparing': [54], 'lenses': [55, 70, 80, 86, 168], 'from': [56], 'three': [57], 'rodent': [58], 'species': [59], '(mouse,': [60], 'rats': [61, 192, 261], 'and': [62, 73, 107, 131, 147, 155, 193], 'guinea': [63, 78, 132, 166, 194, 214, 263], 'pigs)': [64], 'of': [65, 104, 116, 174, 183, 209, 240, 249, 257], 'varying': [66], 'size.': [67, 149], 'While': [68], 'rat': [69, 85, 92, 130, 184, 202], 'are': [71, 81, 88], 'larger': [72, 83], 'stiffer': [74], 'than': [75, 84, 90, 169, 212], 'mouse': [76], 'lenses,': [77, 134, 185], 'pig': [79, 133, 167, 215], 'even': [82], 'but': [87], 'softer': [89], 'lens.': [93], 'This': [94], 'indicates': [95], 'not': [100, 178], 'a': [101, 206, 219, 254], 'sole': [102], 'determinant': [103, 256], 'disproves': [108], 'our': [109], 'hypothesis.': [110], 'Therefore,': [111, 229], 'investigated': [113], 'scaling': [115], 'microstructural': [118], 'features': [119, 176, 232], 'could': [121, 252], 'potentially': [122], 'explain': [123], 'differences': [125], 'between': [129, 191], 'including': [135], 'capsule': [137], 'thickness,': [138, 151], 'epithelial': [139, 152], 'cell': [140, 143, 153, 157], 'area,': [141, 154], 'fiber': [142, 156], 'widths,': [144], 'suture': [145, 187], 'organization,': [146], 'nuclear': [148, 222], 'Capsule': [150], 'widths': [158], 'scaled': [159], '(i.e.,': [163], 'greater': [164, 207], 'rats),': [170], 'indicating': [171], 'sizes': [173], 'these': [175], 'do': [177], 'while': [186, 230], 'organization': [188], 'was': [189], 'similar': [190], 'pigs.': [195, 264], 'However,': [196], 'found': [198], 'hard': [201], 'nucleus': [204, 243], 'occupies': [205], 'fraction': [208], 'nucleus,': [217], 'suggesting': [218], 'role': [220], 'for': [221], 'determining': [225], 'many': [231], 'contribute': [233], 'properties,': [237], 'respect': [245], 'be': [253], 'major': [255], 'versus': [262]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3131739542', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-06T08:50:26.094852', 'created_date': '2021-03-01'}