Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Sweta Ghosh; Caleb Samuel Whitley; Bodduluri Haribabu; Venkatakrishna R. Jala
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1834, 1841, 1856, 1910, 1940, 2361, 2440, 2645, 2777, 2847, 3296, 3331, 3725, 3731], 'diverse': [7, 163, 3984], 'population': [8, 164], 'of': [9, 27, 44, 82, 97, 104, 106, 121, 136, 165, 183, 200, 238, 253, 260, 262, 277, 292, 334, 377, 405, 412, 493, 511, 567, 571, 634, 666, 694, 858, 872, 907, 926, 930, 1003, 1092, 1144, 1200, 1224, 1282, 1317, 1343, 1481, 1485, 1491, 1498, 1522, 1547, 1552, 1607, 1690, 1699, 1728, 1805, 1837, 1879, 1909, 1949, 1998, 2019, 2026, 2054, 2077, 2122, 2166, 2169, 2174, 2184, 2202, 2228, 2253, 2283, 2322, 2397, 2558, 2610, 2617, 2639, 2662, 2688, 2702, 2708, 2853, 2877, 2906, 2922, 2993, 3031, 3077, 3103, 3128, 3150, 3180, 3202, 3212, 3228, 3245, 3275, 3278, 3289, 3358, 3375, 3391, 3408, 3417, 3465, 3478, 3557, 3605, 3636, 3694, 3771, 3815, 3926, 3959, 3979, 4004, 4024], 'microbial': [10, 58, 92, 166, 214, 248, 313, 356, 521, 670, 721, 724, 1344, 1548, 1614, 1742, 1894, 2405], 'life': [11, 167], 'that': [12, 49, 124, 168, 205, 280, 846, 876, 1070, 1369, 1501, 1810, 1845, 2449, 2666, 2714, 3526, 3945], 'continually': [13, 169], 'shapes': [14, 170], 'host': [15, 51, 171, 207, 322, 365, 413, 494, 512, 684], 'pathophysiological': [16, 54, 144, 172, 210, 300, 513, 928, 1760], 'responses.': [17, 79, 173, 235], 'Despite': [18, 174], 'readily': [19, 175], 'available': [20, 176], 'abundant': [21, 177, 843], 'metagenomic': [22, 178], 'data,': [23, 179], 'the': [24, 95, 102, 180, 251, 258, 332, 375, 410, 509, 516, 520, 565, 592, 635, 667, 699, 829, 856, 870, 873, 927, 1004, 1039, 1090, 1182, 1203, 1482, 1486, 1496, 1517, 1523, 1545, 1608, 1617, 1688, 1691, 1696, 1725, 1735, 1768, 1819, 1824, 1828, 1847, 1897, 1901, 1947, 1950, 1968, 1984, 2024, 2078, 2082, 2105, 2220, 2325, 2419, 2611, 2636, 2640, 2650, 2653, 2703, 2875, 2929, 2990, 3011, 3032, 3078, 3083, 3129, 3273, 3276, 3287, 3389, 3415, 3418, 3497, 3543, 3606, 3622, 3695, 3752, 3758, 3761, 3816, 3854, 3960], 'functional': [25, 181, 569, 1726, 3354, 3486], 'dynamics': [26, 182, 570], 'gut': 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'Jia': [449], 'W.': [450, 1417, 2939, 3144], 'Xiao': [451], 'C.': [452, 577, 807, 815, 1035, 1302, 1306, 1409, 3911], 'Smith': [453], 'L.M.': [454], 'Yang': [455], 'Holmes': [457, 715], 'E.': [458, 654, 1027, 1095, 1140, 3672, 3793], 'Tang': [459], 'Zhao': [461, 467], 'G.': [462, 692, 1173, 2943], 'Nicholson': [463], 'J.K.': [464, 1413], 'Li': [465], 'L.': [466, 468, 656, 805, 1634, 2949, 3169, 3546, 3625, 3658, 3678, 3779, 3799, 3864, 3899, 3901, 4013], 'Symbiotic': [469], 'modulate': [472], 'metabolic': [474, 535, 727, 974], 'phenotypes.Proc': [475], 'Natl': [476, 1285, 1352], 'Acad': [477, 1286, 1353, 2731, 3060], 'Sci': [478, 1287, 1354], 'U': [479, 1288, 1355], 'S': [480, 1289, 1356], 'A.': [481, 998, 1097, 1232, 1290, 1357, 1451, 1638, 2769, 2945, 3047, 3075, 3098, 3125, 3668, 3789], '2008;': [482, 1662, 2693], '105:': [483], '2117-2122Crossref': [484], 'PubMed': [485, 599, 622, 642, 675, 706, 734, 762, 834, 1022, 1063, 1134, 1161, 1193, 1245, 1294, 1323, 1361, 1444, 1475, 1536, 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2614, 3082, 3302, 3841, 3884], 'microbiota.Nat': [701], 'Immunol.': [702, 2005, 2057, 2503, 3588, 4054], '2013;': [703, 1528, 3704, 3825], '14:': [704, 2007], '685-690Crossref': [705], '(662)': [708], '7Ha': [711], 'C.W.': [712], 'Lam': [713], 'Y.Y.': [714], 'A.J.': [716], 'Mechanistic': [717], 'links': [718], 'dynamics,': [723], 'functions': [725, 871, 1484, 3030], 'health.World': [728], 'Gastroenterol.': [730, 1157, 3088], '20:': [732], '16498-16517Crossref': [733], '8Wu': [737], 'Tremaroli': [739, 1264], 'V.': [740, 992, 1265, 3043, 3872], 'Backhed': [741, 1266], 'F.': [742, 813, 1099, 1259, 1267], 'Linking': [743], 'diseases:': [747], 'systems': [749], 'biology': [750, 3102], 'perspective.Trends': [751], 'Endocrinol': [752], 'Metab.': [753], '2015;': [754, 1436], '26:': [755], '758-770Abstract': [756], 'Full': [757, 759, 1017, 1019, 1058, 1060, 1242, 1439, 1441, 1531, 1533, 2061, 2063, 2480, 2482, 2509, 2511, 2974, 2976, 3190, 3192, 3567, 3569, 3646, 3648, 3932, 3934, 4034, 4036], 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2074, 2096], 'Shanahan': [812], 'Hill': [814], 'Ross': [816], 'R.P.': [817], "O'Toole": [818], 'P.W.': [819], 'composition': [822], 'correlates': [823], 'diet': [825], 'elderly.Nature.': [830], '488:': [832], '178-184Crossref': [833], '(1618)': [836], '(∼1012–1013)': [845], 'play': [847, 2125, 3748, 3953], 'important': [849, 2126, 3955], 'role': [850, 2876, 3297, 3750, 3956], 'homeostatic': [852], 'leading': [854, 902, 1220, 1494, 1945, 2250, 2328, 3394], 'activities': [861, 1727], 'both': [862, 1983, 2209, 3858], 'disease.': [866, 961], 'significantly': [868], 'separates': [877], 'internal': [878, 1843], 'organs': [879], 'harmful': [881], 'entities': [882], 'including': [883, 1506, 3446], 'microorganisms,': [884, 1863], 'luminal': [885, 888, 1825, 1862], 'antigens,': [886, 1866], 'proinflammatory': [889], 'factors.': [890], 'Intestinal': [891, 1174, 1235, 1275, 1994, 2140, 2389, 2493, 3048, 3203, 3579, 4045], 'compromised': [895], '(barrier': [896], 'dysfunction)': [897], 'several': [899, 1759, 3229, 3442], 'conditions': [901, 948, 2319], 'increased': [905, 2330, 3252, 3369, 3396, 3472], 'translocation': [906, 1878], 'bacteria,': [908], 'endotoxins,': [909], 'other': [911, 970, 2438], 'inflammatory': [912, 921, 951, 1049, 1349, 2318, 2326, 3376, 3427], 'mediators.': [913], 'dysfunction': [916, 943, 964, 1214, 1389, 1796, 2195, 2239, 3405, 3918], 'associated': [918, 3262, 3440], 'systemic': [920], 'response': [922], 'resulting': [923], 'aggravation': [925], 'diseases.': [932], 'Recent': [933, 1541], 'studies': [934, 1542], 'shown': [936, 3746], 'correlation': [939], 'bowel': [952, 956, 1050, 1350], '(IBD),': [954], 'irritable': [955], 'syndrome': [957], '(IBS),': [958], 'celiac': [960, 1393], 'also': [966, 1209, 2532], 'strongly': [967], 'correlated': [968, 1379], 'autoimmune,': [971], 'inflammatory,': [972], 'diseases': [975], 'diabetes,': [978], 'obesity,': [979], 'atherosclerosis,': [980], 'heart': [981], 'failure,': [982], 'hypertension,': [983], 'food': [985, 1865], 'allergies,': [986], 'cancer.10Gopalakrishnan': [991], 'Helmink': [993], 'B.A.': [994, 2048, 2871], 'Spencer': [995], 'Reuben': [997], 'Wargo': [999], 'cancer,': [1008], 'immunity,': [1009], 'cancer': [1011], 'immunotherapy.Cancer': [1012], 'Cell.': [1013, 3703, 3824], '2018;': [1014, 1320, 2058, 2091, 2597, 2623, 2971, 3115], '33:': [1015], '570-580Abstract': [1016], '(267)': [1024], 'Scholar,11Martini': [1026], 'Krug': [1028], 'S.M.': [1029, 2040], 'Siegmund': [1030], 'Neurath': [1032], 'M.F.': [1033], 'Becker': [1034], 'Mend': [1036], 'your': [1037], 'fences:': [1038], 'epithelial': [1040, 1175, 1653, 1783, 1830, 1838, 1905, 1914, 1921, 1995, 2021, 2167, 2300, 2303, 2390, 2442, 2540, 2567, 2590, 2612, 2641, 2854, 2961, 3034, 3049, 3080, 3152, 3242, 3291, 3431, 3466, 3915, 3988], 'its': [1043, 3422], 'mucosal': [1046, 1848, 2055, 2226, 3109, 3181, 3279, 3558, 3580, 3637, 4025, 4046], 'immunity': [1047], 'disease.Cell': [1051], 'Mol': [1052, 2029, 3184, 3561, 3640, 4028], 'Gastroenterol': [1053, 3185, 3562, 3641, 4029], 'Hepatol.': [1054, 3186, 3563, 3642, 4030], '2017;': [1055, 1158, 2031, 3062, 3160], '4:': [1056], '33-46Abstract': [1057], 'It': [1066, 3523, 3942], 'has': [1067, 1207], 'been': [1068, 1208, 3039, 4011], 'reported': [1069, 3259, 3525, 3944], 'external': [1072], 'factors': [1073, 1648, 3501], 'like': [1074, 1390, 3950], 'alcohol,': [1075], 'nonsteroidal': [1076], 'anti-inflammatory': [1077, 1146], 'drugs,': [1078], 'specific': [1080], 'can': [1082, 2186], 'directly': [1083, 1502], 'alter': [1084], 'pathogenesis': [1091], 'diseases.12Elamin': [1094], 'Masclee': [1096], 'Troost': [1098], 'Pieters': [1100], 'H.J.': [1101, 1512], 'Keszthelyi': [1102], 'Aleksa': [1104], 'Dekker': [1106], 'Jonkers': [1108], 'Ethanol': [1110], 'impairs': [1111], 'humans': [1116, 2211], 'through': [1117, 1616, 2159, 3010, 3463, 3532], 'mitogen': [1118], 'activated': [1119], 'protein': [1120, 2161, 2520, 2781, 2918, 2956, 3036], 'kinase': [1121, 3844], 'signaling:': [1122], 'combined': [1124], 'vivo': [1126], 'vitro': [1129, 2965, 3860], 'approach.PLoS': [1130], 'One.': [1131], '9e107421Crossref': [1133], '(24)': [1136, 1163], '13Utzeri': [1139], 'Usai': [1141], 'P.': [1142, 1261, 1272, 1399, 1449, 1581], 'Role': [1143, 2144], 'non-steroidal': [1145], 'drugs': [1147], 'permeability': [1150, 1313, 2554, 3371, 3461, 3474, 3857, 4006], 'nonalcoholic': [1152], 'fatty': [1153, 1887], 'liver': [1154], 'disease.World': [1155], '23:': [1159], '3954-3963Crossref': [1160], '14Berkes': [1166], 'Viswanathan': [1168], 'V.K.': [1169], 'Savkovic': [1170], 'S.D.': [1171], 'Hecht': [1172], 'enteric': [1178], 'pathogens:': [1179], 'effects': [1180, 1560], 'tight': [1183, 1703, 2351, 2382, 2452, 2618, 2689, 2784, 2815, 3104, 3607, 3696, 3817, 3886, 3916], 'junction': [1184, 1704, 2175, 2453, 2457, 2461, 2619, 2651, 2873, 3105, 3218, 3267, 3363, 3697, 3818, 3887, 3917], 'barrier,': [1185], 'ion': [1186], 'transport,': [1187], 'inflammation.Gut.': [1189], '2003;': [1190], '52:': [1191], '439-451Crossref': [1192], '(394)': [1195], 'imbalance': [1199], '(microbial': [1205], 'dysbiosis)': [1206], 'linked': [1210], 'immature': [1217], 'system,': [1219], 'wide': [1222], 'spectrum': [1223], 'intestinal,': [1225], 'hepatic,': [1226], 'neurological': [1228], 'disorders.15Bjarnason': [1229], 'I.': [1230], 'MacPherson': [1231], 'Hollander': [1233], 'permeability:': [1236], 'overview.Gastroenterology.': [1238], '1995;': [1239], '108:': [1240], '1566-1581Abstract': [1241], '(744)': [1247], '16Leclercq': [1250], 'Matamoros': [1252], 'Cani': [1254], 'P.D.': [1255], 'Neyrinck': [1256], 'A.M.': [1257], 'Jamar': [1258], 'Starkel': [1260], 'Windey': [1262], 'Verbeke': [1268], 'de': [1270], 'Timary': [1271], 'Delzenne': [1273], 'N.M.': [1274], 'permeability,': [1276], 'gut-bacterial': [1277], 'dysbiosis,': [1278], 'behavioral': [1280], 'markers': [1281], 'alcohol-dependence': [1283], 'severity.Proc': [1284], '111:': [1292], 'E4485-E4493Crossref': [1293], '(339)': [1296], '17Gonzalez-Gonzalez': [1299], 'Diaz-Zepeda': [1301], 'Eyzaguirre-Velasquez': [1303], 'Gonzalez-Arancibia': [1305], 'Bravo': [1307], 'Julio-Pieper': [1309], 'Investigating': [1311], 'animal': [1315], 'models': [1316], 'disease.Front': [1318, 2111], 'Physiol.': [1319, 1661, 2571, 3993], '9:': [1321, 3590], '1962Crossref': [1322], '(5)': [1325], '18Frank': [1328], 'D.N.': [1329], 'St': [1330], 'Amand': [1331], 'Feldman': [1333], 'R.A.': [1334, 3973], 'Boedeker': [1335], 'E.C.': [1336, 1591], 'Harpaz': [1337], 'Pace': [1339], 'N.R.': [1340], 'Molecular-phylogenetic': [1341], 'characterization': [1342], 'imbalances': [1346], 'diseases.Proc': [1351], '2007;': [1358, 2477], '104:': [1359], '13780-13785Crossref': [1360], '(2631)': [1363], 'Studies': [1366], 'revealed': [1368], 'fecal': [1370], 'transplantation': [1372, 1422, 1460], '(FMT)': [1373], 'hosts': [1376], 'positively': [1378], 'reversal,': [1382], 'especially': [1383], 'those': [1384], 'stemming': [1385], 'IBD,': [1391, 3451], 'IBS,': [1392, 3452], 'disease,': [1394], 'Clostridium': [1396, 1463], 'difficile': [1397, 1464], 'infections.19Moayyedi': [1398], 'Surette': [1400], 'M.G.': [1401, 3071], 'Kim': [1402], 'P.T.': [1403], 'Libertucci': [1404], 'Wolfe': [1406], 'Onischi': [1408], 'Armstrong': [1410], 'Marshall': [1412], 'Kassam': [1414], 'Z.': [1415, 1677], 'Reinisch': [1416], 'Lee': [1418, 2584], 'C.H.': [1419], 'Fecal': [1420, 1458], 'induces': [1423, 2282], 'remission': [1424], 'patients': [1426], 'active': [1428, 1499, 1524, 3848], 'ulcerative': [1429], 'colitis': [1430], 'randomized': [1433], 'controlled': [1434], 'trial.Gastroenterology.': [1435], '149:': [1437], '102-109.e6Abstract': [1438], '(706)': [1446], 'Scholar,20Kim': [1448], 'Gadani': [1450], 'Abdul-Baki': [1452], 'Mitre': [1454, 1456], 'R.': [1455, 1565, 2015], 'recurrent': [1462], 'infection:': [1465], 'retrospective': [1467], 'single-center': [1468], 'chart': [1469], 'review.JGH': [1470], 'Open.': [1471], '2019;': [1472, 1621], '3:': [1473], '4-9Crossref': [1474], '(9)': [1477], 'One': [1480], 'major': [1483], 'metabolism': [1490], 'components': [1493], 'generation': [1497], 'physiology': [1505, 1518], 'function.21Maurice': [1509], 'C.F.': [1510], 'Haiser': [1511], 'Turnbaugh': [1513], 'P.J.': [1514], 'Xenobiotics': [1515], 'gene': [1520], 'expression': [1521, 1697, 3051, 3254, 3981], 'microbiome.Cell.': [1527], '152:': [1529], '39-50Abstract': [1530], '(468)': [1538], 'restoration': [1551], 'separate': [1557], 'cell': [1563, 1654, 1912, 2194, 2265, 2304, 2314, 2443, 2527, 2529], 'functions.22Singh': [1564], 'Chandrashekharappa': [1566], 'Bodduluri': [1568], 'Baby': [1570], 'B.V.': [1571], 'Hegde': [1572], 'Kotla': [1574], 'N.G.': [1575], 'Hiwale': [1576], 'A.A.': [1577], 'Saiyed': [1578], 'T.': [1579, 2683, 2765, 2801], 'Patel': [1580], 'Vijay-Kumar': [1582], 'Langille': [1584], 'M.G.I.': [1585], 'Douglas': [1586], 'G.M.': [1587], 'Cheng': [1588], 'Rouchka': [1590], 'Waigel': [1592], 'S.J.': [1593], 'Dryden': [1594], 'G.W.': [1595], 'Alatassi': [1596], 'H.G.': [1599], 'Haribabu': [1600], 'Vemula': [1602], 'P.K.': [1603], 'Jala': [1604], 'V.R.': [1605], 'Enhancement': [1606], 'integrity': [1611, 1748, 3277], 'metabolite': [1615], 'Nrf2': [1618], 'pathway.Nat': [1619], 'Commun.': [1620], '10:': [1622, 1708, 3116, 3188, 3565, 3644, 4032], '89Crossref': [1623], '(108)': [1626], '23Ewaschuk': [1629], 'J.B.': [1630, 3909], 'Diaz': [1631], 'Meddings': [1633, 3908], 'Diederichs': [1635], 'Dmytrash': [1637], 'Backer': [1639], 'Looijer-van': [1641], 'Langen': [1642], 'Madsen': [1644], 'K.L.': [1645], 'Secreted': [1646], 'bioactive': [1647], 'Bifidobacterium': [1650], 'infantis': [1651], 'enhance': [1652], 'function.Am': [1656], 'Physiol': [1658, 3991], 'Gastrointest': [1659], 'Liver': [1660], '295:': [1663], 'G1025-G1034Crossref': [1664], '(359)': [1667], '24Anderson': [1670], 'R.C.': [1671], 'Cookson': [1672], 'McNabb': [1674], 'W.C.': [1675], 'Park': [1676], 'McCann': [1678], 'Kelly': [1680], 'W.J.': [1681], 'Roy': [1682], 'N.C.': [1683], 'Lactobacillus': [1684], 'plantarum': [1685], 'MB452': [1686], 'enhances': [1687, 2302], 'increasing': [1695], 'levels': [1698], 'genes': [1700], 'involved': [1701], 'formation.BMC': [1705], 'Microbiol.': [1706], '2010;': [1707], '316Crossref': [1709], '(210)': [1712], 'Detailed': [1715, 4002], 'yet': [1718], 'elucidated,': [1721], 'but': [1722, 2531, 3447], 'knowledge': [1723], 'concerning': [1724], 'system': [1737], 'gradually.': [1740], 'Exploiting': [1741], 'tool': [1757], 'against': [1758, 1815, 1861], 'In': [1762, 3755], 'review,': [1764], 'we': [1765, 1786], 'how': [1767], 'reinforce': [1774], 'via': [1778, 2445], 'bi-directional': [1779], 'interactions': [1780, 2537, 3687, 3808], 'cells.': [1784, 1922, 2541, 3000, 3024], 'Further,': [1785], 'treatment': [1790], 'strategies': [1791], 'mitigate': [1793], 'composed': [1804, 1908, 2707], '3': [1806], 'main': [1807], 'interlinked/interdependent': [1808], 'layers': [1809], 'physical': [1813, 1857, 2157, 3356], 'bacterial': [1816], 'intrusion': [1817], 'lumen.': [1821], 'These': [1822, 1923, 2519, 3480], 'include': [1823, 1924], 'mucus': [1826, 2072, 2083, 2221, 3469], 'layer,': [1827], 'layer': [1831, 1844, 1913, 2444, 2642], 'formed': [1832, 2988], 'continuous': [1835, 1941, 2441, 2646], 'sheet': [1836], 'cells,': [1839, 1927, 1929, 1931, 1933, 1936, 1974], 'third,': [1842], 'forms': [1846], 'system.': [1850], 'acts': [1854], 'immunological': [1859], 'defense': [1860], 'viruses,': [1864], 'environmental': [1868], 'toxins.': [1869], 'selectively': [1873], 'permeable': [1874], 'allow': [1876, 2393], 'for': [1877, 2156, 2191, 2394, 2425, 2669, 3503, 3515, 3690, 3811], 'essential': [1880], 'nutrients,': [1882, 2398], 'electrolytes,': [1883], 'amino': [1884], 'acids,': [1885], 'short-chain': [1886], 'acids': [1888], '(SCFAs),': [1889], 'sugars,': [1890], 'water,': [1891, 2399], 'select': [1893], 'lumen': [1899, 1951], 'into': [1900], 'circulation.': [1902], 'single': [1911], 'interspersed': [1916], 'functionally': [1918], 'specialized': [1919], 'differentiated': [1920], 'enterocytes,': [1925, 1972], 'Paneth': [1926, 1959, 2203], 'goblet': [1928, 1973, 2264], 'tuft': [1930, 1978], 'enteroendocrine': [1932, 1976], 'microfold': [1935, 1962, 2341, 2372], 'which': [1937, 3378], 'together': [1938], 'form': [1939, 2644], 'polarized': [1943], 'monolayer': [1944], 'separation': [1948], 'lamina': [1953], 'propria': [1954], '(Table': [1955, 2465], '1).': [1956], 'Among': [1957], 'these,': [1958], 'present': [1966, 1981], 'intestine,': [1970, 2154, 2247, 2276], 'whereas': [1971, 2755], 'intestine': [1986], 'colon,': [1988], 'reviewed': [1989, 3041], 'previously.25Peterson': [1990], 'L.W.': [1991], 'Artis': [1992], 'cells:': [1996, 2593], 'regulators': [1997], 'homeostasis.Nat': [2003], 'Rev': [2004, 2570, 3587, 4053], '141-153Crossref': [2008], '(1145)': [2011], '26Okumura': [2014], 'Takeda': [2016], 'Roles': [2018], 'maintenance': [2025, 3691, 3812], 'homeostasis.Exp': [2028], '49:': [2032], 'e338Crossref': [2033], '27Allaire': [2037], 'J.M.': [2038, 2564, 3598, 3969], 'Crowley': [2039], 'Law': [2041], 'H.T.': [2042], 'Chang': [2043], 'S.-Y.': [2044], 'Ko': [2045], 'H.-J.': [2046], 'Vallance': [2047], 'epithelium:': [2051], 'central': [2052], 'coordinator': [2053], 'immunity.Trends': [2056], '39:': [2059], '677-696Abstract': [2060], '(159)': [2068], 'layer28Corfield': [2073], 'interaction': [2076], 'human.Microorganisms.': [2090], '6:': [2092, 2114], '78Crossref': [2093], 'Scholar,29Corfield': [2095], 'Carroll': [2097], 'Myerscough': [2099], 'Probert': [2101], 'C.S.': [2102], 'Mucins': [2103], 'Biosci.': [2112], '2001;': [2113], 'D1321-D1357Crossref': [2115], 'different': [2120], 'types': [2121], 'distinct': [2128, 3489, 3534], 'roles': [2129], 'maintaining': [2131, 2670], 'homeostasis.Table': [2136], '1Cell': [2137], 'Types': [2138], 'Barrier': [2141, 2146, 3208], 'Their': [2143], 'FunctionCell': [2147], 'typesRole': [2148], 'functionEnterocytes': [2152], '(small': [2153, 2182, 2215, 2246, 2275, 2311], 'colon)•Responsible': [2155], 'junctional': [2160, 2447, 2756, 2878, 3035, 3085, 3213, 3313, 3338], 'complexes.•Nutrient': [2162], 'absorption': [2163], 'metabolization.•Balance': [2165], 'shedding.•Secretion': [2168], 'antimicrobial': [2170, 2334, 2365], 'agents.•Changes': [2171], 'expression/localization': [2173], 'proteins': [2176, 2285, 2297, 2448, 2632, 2660, 2665, 2687, 2705, 2713, 2742, 2812, 2894, 2900, 2924, 2931, 2996, 3002, 3231, 3364, 3393, 3512, 3952], 'permeability.Paneth': [2180], 'intestine)•Source': [2183], 'AMPs.•Directly': [2185], 'sense': [2187], 'critical': [2190, 3749], 'homeostasis.•Paneth': [2193], 'triggers': [2196], 'inflammation': [2197, 3386], 'dysfunction.•Lack': [2201], 'leads': [2205, 3285, 3367, 3982], 'necrotizing': [2207], 'enterocolitis': [2208], 'mice.Goblet': [2213], 'intestine)•Produce': [2216], 'release': [2218, 2252], 'MUCs,': [2219], 'forming': [2222], 'glycoprotein': [2223], 'barrier.•Lack': [2227], 'MUC2': [2229], 'or': [2230, 2232, 2710, 3355], 'O-glycan': [2231], 'N-glycosylation': [2233], 'susceptibility': [2242], 'colitis.Tuft': [2244], 'colon)•Secrete': [2248], 'IL-25': [2249], 'IL-13': [2254], 'type': [2256], '2': [2257, 3282, 3533], 'innate': [2258], 'lymphoid': [2259], '(ILC2)': [2261], 'promote': [2263], 'hyperplasia': [2266], 'mucin': [2268], 'production.•Detect': [2269], 'helminth': [2270], 'infection': [2271], 'expulse.Enteroendocrine': [2273], 'colon)•Secret': [2277], 'hormones': [2278], 'GLP-2.•GLP-2': [2281], 'TJ': [2284, 2296, 2559, 2631, 2659, 2704, 2741, 2893, 2935, 2984, 2995, 3001, 3230, 3392, 3511, 3951], 'ZO-1': [2288, 2957, 3949], 'occludin': [2290, 2745, 3980], 'attenuates': [2292], 'TNF-α–induced': [2293], 'changes': [2294], 'colon': [2299, 3456], 'cells.•GLP-2': [2301], 'wound': [2305], 'healing': [2306], 'TGF-β–dependent': [2308], 'manner.M': [2309], 'intestine)•Antigen': [2312], 'uptake.•M': [2313], 'damage,': [2315], 'during': [2316], 'chronic': [2317, 3382], 'elevates': [2320], 'uptake': [2321], 'microorganisms': [2323], 'amplifying': [2324], 'condition': [2327], 'dysfunction.AMP,': [2333], 'peptide;': [2335, 2366], 'GLP-2,': [2336, 2367], 'glucagon-like': [2337, 2368], 'peptide-2;': [2338, 2369], 'M': [2339, 2370], 'cell,': [2340, 2371], 'cell;': [2342, 2373], 'MUC,': [2343, 2374], 'mucin;': [2344, 2375], 'TGF-β,': [2345, 2376], 'transforming': [2346, 2377], 'growth': [2347, 2378], 'factor': [2348, 2356, 2379, 2387, 3323, 3348], 'beta;': [2349, 2380], 'TJ,': [2350, 2381, 3359], 'junction;': [2352, 2383], 'TNF-α,': [2353, 2384, 3320, 3345], 'tumor': [2354, 2385, 2916, 3321, 3346], 'necrosis': [2355, 2386, 3322, 3347], 'alpha.': [2357, 2388], 'Open': [2358, 3328], 'table': [2359, 3329], 'new': [2362, 3332], 'tab': [2363, 3333], 'AMP,': [2364], '(IECs)': [2392], 'selective': [2395, 3519, 3720], 'penetration': [2396], 'electrolytes': [2401], 'while': [2402], 'simultaneously': [2403], 'excluding': [2404], 'pathogen-associated': [2406], 'pattern,': [2408], 'toxins,': [2409], 'foreign': [2411], 'antigens.30Kunzelmann': [2412], 'Mall': [2414], 'Electrolyte': [2416], 'transport': [2417, 2588, 3004, 3517], 'mammalian': [2420], 'colon:': [2421], 'implications': [2424], 'disease.Physiol': [2426], 'Rev.': [2427], '2002;': [2428], '82:': [2429], '245-289Crossref': [2430], 'Enterocytes': [2434], 'connect': [2435], 'each': [2437, 3491], 'adhesive': [2446], 'make': [2450], 'up': [2451], '(TJ)': [2454], 'proteins,': [2455, 2459, 2462, 2754], 'adherens': [2456], '(AJ)': [2458], 'gap': [2460, 3308, 3362], 'desmosomes': [2464, 3017, 3366], '2).31Niessen': [2466], 'C.M.': [2467, 2562, 3601], 'Tight': [2468, 2723, 2872, 3174, 3551, 3630, 4018], 'junctions/adherens': [2469], 'junctions:': [2470, 2724], 'basic': [2471], 'structure': [2472, 2726], 'function.J': [2474], 'Invest': [2475], 'Dermatol.': [2476], '127:': [2478], '2525-2532Abstract': [2479], '(410)': [2487], 'Scholar,32Groschwitz': [2489], 'K.R.': [2490], 'Hogan': [2491], 'S.P.': [2492], 'function:': [2495], 'pathogenesis.J': [2500], 'Allergy': [2501], 'Clin': [2502], '2009;': [2504, 2733, 3589, 3613, 3929, 4055], '124': [2505], '(quiz': [2506], '21–22):': [2507], '3-20Abstract': [2508], '(766)': [2516], 'complexes': [2521, 3037], 'not': [2522, 3448], 'mechanically': [2524], 'secure': [2525], 'extracellular': [2526, 2991, 3303], 'interactions,': [2530], 'intracellular': [2534, 2717, 2907], 'adaptor': [2535], 'protein–mediated': [2536, 3214], 'within': [2538], 'Epithelial': [2542, 3204], 'tightly': [2544], 'paracellular': [2546, 2568, 3012, 3473, 3516, 4005], '(space': [2547], 'cells)': [2549], 'transcellular': [2551], '(through': [2552], 'cell)': [2553], 'posttranslational': [2556], 'modifications': [2557, 2616], 'proteins.33Van': [2560], 'Itallie': [2561, 3600], 'Anderson': [2563, 3679, 3800], 'Claudins': [2565], 'transport.Annu': [2569], '2006;': [2572, 3089, 3891], '68:': [2573], '403-429Crossref': [2574], '(837)': [2577], '34Fung': [2580], 'K.Y.Y.': [2581], 'Fairn': [2582], 'G.D.': [2583], 'W.L.': [2585], 'Transcellular': [2586], 'vesicular': [2587], 'endothelial': [2592], 'challenges': [2594], 'opportunities.Traffic.': [2596], '19:': [2598], '5-18Crossref': [2599], '(47)': [2602], '35Shigetomi': [2605], 'Ikenouchi': [2607], 'Regulation': [2609, 3076], 'post-translational': [2615], 'membrane': [2620, 2655, 2780, 2811], 'proteins.J': [2621], 'Biochem.': [2622], '163:': [2624], '265-272Crossref': [2625], '(0)': [2628, 3197, 3574, 3653, 4041], 'located': [2634], 'apical': [2637, 2654, 2962, 3084], 'side': [2638], 'belt-like': [2647], 'ring': [2648], 'at': [2649, 2783, 2814, 2850], 'lateral': [2657], 'membrane.': [2658], 'consist': [2661, 2905], '50': [2664], 'crucial': [2668], 'cell-to-cell': [2671], 'adhesion': [2672, 2757, 2879, 3314, 3339], 'health.36Chiba': [2676], 'Osanai': [2678], 'Murata': [2680], 'Kojima': [2682], 'Sawada': [2684], 'Transmembrane': [2686], 'junctions.Biochim': [2690], 'Biophys': [2691], 'Acta.': [2692], '1778:': [2694], '588-600Crossref': [2695], '(276)': [2698], 'Some': [2701], 'tetraspan': [2709, 2752], 'single-span': [2711, 2760], 'transmembrane': [2712, 2753, 2761, 2994], 'link': [2715, 2928], 'cytoskeletal': [2718, 2930], 'proteins.37Schulzke': [2719], 'J.D.': [2720], 'Fromm': [2721], 'meets': [2727], 'function.Ann': [2728], 'N': [2729, 3058], 'Y': [2730, 3059], 'Sci.': [2732, 3061, 3890], '1165:': [2734], '1-6Crossref': [2735], '(1)': [2738], '(OCLN),': [2746], 'claudin': [2747], '(CLDN),': [2748], 'tricellulin': [2750], 'molecules': [2758, 2880, 3005, 3723], 'proteins.38Furuse': [2762], 'Hirase': [2764], 'Itoh': [2766], 'Nagafuchi': [2768], 'Yonemura': [2770], 'Tsukita': [2772, 2774, 2804, 2841, 2843], 'Occludin:': [2776], 'integral': [2779, 2810], 'localizing': [2782, 2813], 'junctions.J': [2785], 'Cell': [2786, 2823, 2856, 3101, 3158, 3889, 3992], 'Biol.': [2787, 2824, 2857, 3114, 3612], '1993;': [2788], '123:': [2789], '1777-1788Crossref': [2790], '(1975)': [2793], '39Furuse': [2796], 'Fujita': [2798], 'Hiiragi': [2800], 'Fujimoto': [2802], 'Claudin-1': [2806], '-2:': [2808], 'junctions': [2816, 3015, 3175, 3552, 3631, 4019], 'no': [2818], 'sequence': [2819], 'similarity': [2820], 'occludin.J': [2822], '1998;': [2825], '141:': [2826], '1539-1550Crossref': [2827], '(1554)': [2830], '40Ikenouchi': [2833], 'Furuse': [2835, 2837], 'Sasaki': [2839], 'Tricellulin': [2845], 'constitutes': [2846], 'tricellular': [2851], 'contacts': [2852, 3021], 'cells.J': [2855], '171:': [2859], '939-945Crossref': [2860], '(535)': [2863], '41Garrido-Urbani': [2866], 'Bradfield': [2868], 'P.F.': [2869], 'Imhof': [2870], 'dynamics:': [2874], '(JAMs).Cell': [2881], 'Tissue': [2882], 'Res.': [2883, 3159], '355:': [2885], '701-715Crossref': [2886], '(64)': [2889], 'Other': [2892], 'zonula': [2897, 3326, 3351], 'occludens': [2898], '(ZO)': [2899], '(ZO-1,': [2901, 2925], 'ZO-2,': [2902, 2926], 'ZO-3)': [2904, 2927], 'scaffold': [2908], 'proteins.': [2909], 'postsynaptic': [2911], 'density': [2912], 'protein-95/Drosophila': [2913], 'disc': [2914], 'large': [2915], 'suppressor/ZO-1': [2917], '(PDZ)': [2919], 'binding': [2920], 'domains': [2921, 2992], 'plaque': [2923], '(eg,': [2932], 'F-actin)': [2933], 'complex.42Odenwald': [2936], 'M.A.': [2937], 'Choi': [2938], 'Kuo': [2940, 3170, 3547, 3626, 4014], 'W.T.': [2941, 3171, 3548, 3627, 4015], 'Singh': [2942], 'Sailer': [2944], 'Fanning': [2950], 'A.S.': [2951, 3963], 'Turner': [2952, 3099, 3147, 3172, 3549, 3628, 3681, 3802, 3875, 3912, 4016], 'scaffolding': [2955], 'coordinates': [2958], 'actomyosin': [2959], 'specializations': [2963], 'vivo.J': [2968], 'Biol': [2969, 3702, 3823], 'Chem.': [2970], '293:': [2972], '17317-17335Abstract': [2973], '(20)': [2981], 'seals': [2985], 'generally': [2987], 'when': [2989], 'anastomose': [2997], 'adjacent': [2999, 3023], 'based': [3006, 3536], 'size/charge': [3009], 'space.': [3013], 'Adherence': [3014], 'primarily': [3018], 'contribute': [3019], 'mechanical': [3020], 'structures,': [3027], 'properties,': [3028], 'extensively': [3040], 'elsewhere.43Garcia-Hernandez': [3042], 'Quiros': [3044], 'Nusrat': [3046, 3074, 3124], 'claudins:': [3050], 'homeostasis': [3055], 'inflammation.Ann': [3057], '1397:': [3063], '66-79Crossref': [3064], '(104)': [3067], '44Laukoetter': [3070], 'Bruewer': [3072], 'complex.Curr': [3086], 'Opin': [3087], '22:': [3090, 3136], '85-89Crossref': [3091], '(173)': [3094], '45Buckley': [3097], 'disease.Cold': [3110], 'Spring': [3111, 3609], 'Harb': [3112, 3610], 'Perspect': [3113, 3611], 'A02931Crossref': [3117], '(110)': [3119], '46Farkas': [3122], 'A.E.': [3123], 'Pharmacological': [3126], 'targeting': [3127], 'inflamed': [3130], 'barrier.Curr': [3132], 'Pharm': [3133], 'Des.': [3134], '5400-5414Crossref': [3137], '(3)': [3140], '47Choi': [3143], 'Yeruva': [3145], 'Contributions': [3149], 'barriers': [3153], 'disease.Exp': [3157], '358:': [3161], '71-77Crossref': [3162], '(29)': [3165], '48Zuo': [3168], 'targets': [3177, 3554, 3633, 4021], 'effectors': [3179, 3556, 3635, 4023], 'homeostasis.Cell': [3183, 3560, 3639, 4027], '2020;': [3187, 3564, 3643, 4031], '327-340Abstract': [3189, 3566, 3645, 4033], 'ScholarTable': [3199], '2Structural': [3200], 'Components': [3201], 'Cells': [3205], 'FunctionStructural': [3209], 'componentsJunctional': [3210], 'proteinsExamples': [3211], 'dysfunctionTight': [3217], 'proteinsZO,': [3219], 'occludin,': [3220], 'claudins,': [3221], 'tricellulin,': [3222], 'JAM•IFN-γ': [3223], 'TNF-α': [3225], 'mediated': [3226, 3301], 'organization': [3227], 'ZO-1,': [3234], 'claudin-1,': [3235], 'claudin-4,': [3236, 3247], 'occluding,': [3237], 'JAM-A': [3239], 'downregulate': [3240], 'function.•Downregulation': [3244], 'claudin-3,': [3246], 'claudin-5,': [3248], 'claudin-8': [3250], 'claudin-2': [3253], 'MLCK': [3256, 3849], 'phosphorylation': [3257, 3880], 'function.Adherens': [3266], 'proteinsCadherins,': [3268], 'catenins•Downregulated': [3269], 'E-cadherin–catenin': [3270], 'complex': [3271], 'mediates': [3272], 'impairment': [3274], 'barrier.DesmosomeDesmoglein,': [3280], 'desmocollins•Desmoglein': [3281], '(Dsg2)': [3283], 'deficiency': [3284], 'loss': [3288], 'integrity.Gap': [3293], 'junctionsConnexin•Connexin-43': [3294], 'plays': [3295], 'intercellular': [3299], 'communication': [3300], 'vesicles,': [3304], 'tunneling': [3305], 'nanotubes': [3306], 'junctions.IFN-γ,': [3309], 'interferon': [3310, 3335], 'gamma;': [3311, 3336], 'JAM,': [3312, 3337], 'molecules;': [3315, 3340], 'MLCK,': [3316, 3341, 3946], 'myosin': [3317, 3342, 3842], 'light-chain': [3318, 3343, 3843], 'kinase;': [3319, 3344], 'alpha;': [3324, 3349], 'ZO,': [3325, 3350], 'occludens.': [3327, 3352], 'IFN-γ,': [3334], 'disruption': [3357, 3390, 3477], 'AJ,': [3360], 'causing': [3372], 'dysregulated': [3373], 'translocation/transportation': [3374], 'mediators,': [3377], 'potentially': [3379], 'manifests': [3380], 'inflammation.': [3384], 'Increased': [3385, 3458], 'further': [3387], 'perpetuates': [3388], 'permeability.': [3397, 3522], 'following': [3399, 3494], 'sections': [3400], 'describe': [3402], 'altered': [3423], 'state': [3424], 'Defective': [3429], 'combination': [3435], 'dysregulation': [3438, 3464], 'tract–related': [3444], 'limited': [3449], 'drug-induced': [3453], 'toxicity,': [3454], 'cancer.': [3457], 'occurs': [3462], 'apoptosis/enterocyte': [3467], 'death,': [3468], 'degradation,': [3470], 'due': [3475], 'TJs.': [3479], 'independently': [3483], 'regulated': [3484, 3840], 'consequences': [3487], 'other.': [3492], 'section': [3495], 'describes': [3496], 'responsible': [3502, 3514], 'dysfunction.': [3505], 'As': [3506], 'described': [3507], 'previous': [3509], 'sections,': [3510], 'was': [3524, 3943], 'solutes': [3527], 'water': [3529], 'cross': [3530], 'TJs': [3531], 'size': [3539, 3717], 'charge': [3541, 3719], 'selectivity:': [3542], 'pore': [3544, 3713, 3753, 3759], 'pathway48Zuo': [3545], '49Turner': [3577], 'disease.Nat': [3586, 4052], '799-809Crossref': [3591], '(1727)': [3594], '50Anderson': [3597], 'Van': [3599], 'Physiology': [3602], 'junction.Cold': [3608], '1:': [3614], 'a002584Crossref': [3615], '(563)': [3618], 'leak': [3623, 3762, 3834, 3855, 3961], 'pathway.48Zuo': [3624], 'Scholar,51Buschmann': [3655], 'M.M.': [3656, 3777], 'Rajapakse': [3659, 3780], 'Raleigh': [3661, 3782], 'D.R.': [3662, 3783, 3903], 'Lingaraju': [3667, 3788], 'Zha': [3669, 3790], 'Abbott': [3671, 3792], 'McAuley': [3673, 3794], 'Breskin': [3675, 3796], 'L.A.': [3676, 3797], 'Wu': [3677, 3798], 'Weber': [3683, 3804], 'C.R.': [3684, 3805], 'Occludin': [3685, 3806], 'OCEL-domain': [3686, 3807], 'required': [3689, 3810], 'macromolecular': [3700, 3821], 'flux.Mol': [3701, 3822], '24:': [3705, 3826], '3056-3068Crossref': [3706, 3827], '(94)': [3709, 3830], 'pathway': [3714, 3763, 3835], 'exclusively': [3716], 'excludes': [3722], 'diameter': [3726], '≤8': [3727], 'Å': [3728, 3773], 'high-conductance': [3732], 'route.': [3733], 'CLDN-2': [3734], 'CLDNs': [3738], '10a,': [3739], '10b,': [3740], '15,': [3741], '16,': [3742], '17': [3744], 'were': [3745], 'pathway.': [3754], 'contrast': [3756], 'pathway,': [3760], 'allows': [3764], 'macromolecule': [3765], 'flux': [3766], 'exclusion': [3769], 'limit': [3770], '∼100': [3772], 'lower': [3775], 'conductance.51Buschmann': [3776], 'believed': [3837], '(MLCK),': [3845], 'where': [3846], 'constitutively': [3847], 'sufficient': [3851], 'increase': [3853], 'pathway–dependent': [3856], 'vivo.52Shen': [3863], 'Black': [3865], 'E.D.': [3866, 3868], 'Witkowski': [3867], 'Lencer': [3869], 'W.I.': [3870], 'Guerriero': [3871], 'Schneeberger': [3873, 3976], 'E.E.': [3874, 3977], 'Myosin': [3877], 'light': [3878], 'chain': [3879], 'regulates': [3881], 'remodeling': [3885], 'structure.J': [3888], '119:': [3892], '2095-2106Crossref': [3893], '(308)': [3896], 'Scholar,53Su': [3898], 'Clayburgh': [3902], 'Nalle': [3904], 'S.C.': [3905], 'Sullivan': [3906], 'E.A.': [3907], 'Abraham': [3910], 'Targeted': [3914], 'causes': [3919], 'activation': [3921], 'contributes': [3923], 'development': [3925], 'experimental': [3927], 'colitis.Gastroenterology.': [3928], '136:': [3930], '551-563Abstract': [3931], '(273)': [3939], 'OCLN,': [3947], 'pathway.54Yu': [3962], 'McCarthy': [3964], 'K.M.': [3965], 'Francis': [3966], 'S.A.': [3967], 'McCormack': [3968], 'Lai': [3970], 'Rogers': [3972], 'Lynch': [3974], 'R.D.': [3975], 'Knockdown': [3978], 'phenotypic': [3985], 'alterations': [3986], 'cells.Am': [3989], '288:': [3995], 'C1231-C1241Crossref': [3996], '(239)': [3999], 'discussions': [4003], 'published.48Zuo': [4012], 'Scholar,49Turner': [4043], '9': [4056]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3129925389', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 167}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 112}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 88}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 25}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T16:49:30.564155', 'created_date': '2021-03-01'}
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