Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3125742313', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Is Breach of Contract Immoral', 'display_name': 'Is Breach of Contract Immoral', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3125742313', 'mag': '3125742313'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://lsr.nellco.org/harvard_olin/531/', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764466347', 'display_name': 'Emory law journal', 'issn_l': '0094-4076', 'issn': ['0094-4076'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054850168', 'display_name': 'Steven Shavell', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-1128'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Steven Shavell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5054850168'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.842384, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11762', 'display_name': 'Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11762', 'display_name': 'Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12982', 'display_name': 'Legal principles and applications', 'score': 0.9897, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3308', 'display_name': 'Law'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13138', 'display_name': 'Legal and Constitutional Studies', 'score': 0.9375, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/breach-of-contract', 'display_name': 'Breach of contract', 'score': 0.8137437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/commit', 'display_name': 'Commit', 'score': 0.6300276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency', 'display_name': 'Contingency', 'score': 0.48156598}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778877846', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q562566', 'display_name': 'Breach of contract', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8137437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777381055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922', 'display_name': 'Damages', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7482052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200113983', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324', 'display_name': 'Morality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7003183}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6623946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180980', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675', 'display_name': 'Commit', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6300276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48276725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97508593', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069', 'display_name': 'Contingency', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48156598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38308468}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37745506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2610194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24240458}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://lsr.nellco.org/harvard_olin/531/', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764466347', 'display_name': 'Emory law journal', 'issn_l': '0094-4076', 'issn': ['0094-4076'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.75, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3190598749', 'https://openalex.org/W3126114859', 'https://openalex.org/W3125862001', 'https://openalex.org/W3125643440', 'https://openalex.org/W3125465044', 'https://openalex.org/W3125172418', 'https://openalex.org/W3124969067', 'https://openalex.org/W3123481871', 'https://openalex.org/W3123237086', 'https://openalex.org/W3122443059', 'https://openalex.org/W3122264490', 'https://openalex.org/W3022862788', 'https://openalex.org/W2912781690', 'https://openalex.org/W2170681362', 'https://openalex.org/W2166712585', 'https://openalex.org/W2156346196', 'https://openalex.org/W2096376416', 'https://openalex.org/W2092387034', 'https://openalex.org/W1716886166', 'https://openalex.org/W1499750653'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'When,': [0], 'and': [1, 27, 157, 172, 189, 200, 207, 216], 'why,': [2], 'might': [3, 107], 'it': [4, 79], 'be': [5, 100, 108], 'thought': [6], 'immoral': [7, 93, 109], 'to': [8, 16, 49, 69, 87, 99, 125, 147, 179], 'commit': [9], 'a': [10, 52, 58, 129], 'breach': [11, 65, 90, 106, 156], 'of': [12, 64, 128, 134, 140, 150, 155, 158, 163, 170, 227], 'contract?': [13], 'The': [14, 142], 'answer': [15], 'this': [17], 'fundamental': [18], 'question': [19], 'is': [20, 25, 66, 85, 91, 119, 123, 144], 'not': [21, 38, 55, 92], 'obvious,': [22], 'because,': [23], 'as': [24, 28, 118], 'stressed,': [26], 'has': [29], 'been': [30], 'overlooked': [31], 'in': [32], 'addressing': [33], 'the': [34, 43, 62, 73, 81, 115, 126, 138, 148, 153, 161, 208], 'question,': [35], 'contracts': [36], 'do': [37], 'usually': [39], 'provide': [40], 'explicitly': [41], 'for': [42, 102, 192, 204, 213, 222], 'particular': [44], 'events': [45], 'that': [46, 60, 89, 105, 131], 'are': [47, 112], 'observed': [48], 'occur.': [50], 'When': [51], 'contract': [53, 74], 'does': [54], 'expressly': [56], 'address': [57], 'contingency': [59], 'occurs,': [61], 'morality': [63, 139, 154], 'assumed': [67], 'here': [68], 'depend': [70], 'on': [71, 152, 160], 'what': [72], 'would': [75, 97], 'have': [76, 98], 'said': [77], 'had': [78], 'addressed': [80], 'contingency.': [82], 'This': [83, 121], 'assumption': [84], 'explained': [86], 'imply': [88], 'if': [94, 110], 'expectation': [95], 'damages': [96, 111], 'paid': [101], 'breach,': [103], 'but': [104], 'less': [113], 'than': [114], 'true': [116], 'expectation,': [117], 'probable.': [120], 'conclusion': [122, 143], 'related': [124, 146], 'results': [127], 'survey': [130], 'was': [132], 'conducted': [133], 'individuals’': [135], 'attitudes': [136], 'toward': [137], 'breach.': [141, 164], 'also': [145], 'views': [149], 'commentators': [151], 'those': [159], '“efficiency”': [162], '*': [165], 'Samuel': [166], 'R.': [167], 'Rosenthal': [168], 'Professor': [169], 'Law': [171, 175, 220], 'Economics,': [173, 215], 'Harvard': [174, 219], 'School.': [176], 'I': [177], 'wish': [178], 'thank': [180], 'Ian': [181], 'Ayres,': [182], 'Oren': [183], 'Bar-Gill,': [184], 'Omri': [185], 'Ben-Shahar,': [186], 'Louis': [187], 'Kaplow,': [188], 'Eric': [190], 'Posner': [191], 'comments,': [193], 'David': [194], 'Katz,': [195], 'Gary': [196], 'Lee,': [197], 'Michael': [198], 'Simkovic,': [199], 'Jane': [201], 'van': [202], 'Lare': [203], 'research': [205, 223], 'assistance,': [206], 'John': [209], 'M.': [210], 'Olin': [211], 'Center': [212], 'Law,': [214], 'Business': [217], 'at': [218], 'School': [221], 'support.': [224], 'Is': [225], 'Breach': [226], 'Contract': [228], 'Immoral?': [229], '©': [230], '2005.': [231], 'Steven': [232], 'Shavell.': [233], 'All': [234], 'rights': [235], 'reserved.': [236]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125742313', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T18:58:56.314155', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}