Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3125045182', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Disruption and Deference', 'display_name': 'Disruption and Deference', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3125045182', 'mag': '3125045182'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr/vol74/iss4/2/', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764727343', 'display_name': 'Maryland law review', 'issn_l': '0025-4282', 'issn': ['0025-4282'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4362726110', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Maryland', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4362726110'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Maryland'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043692248', 'display_name': 'Olivier Sylvain', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Olivier Sylvain', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5043692248'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.678474, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 66, 'max': 73}, 'biblio': {'volume': '74', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '715', 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11769', 'display_name': 'Impact of Digital Piracy on Creative Industries', 'score': 0.9727, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1406', 'display_name': 'Marketing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11769', 'display_name': 'Impact of Digital Piracy on Creative Industries', 'score': 0.9727, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1406', 'display_name': 'Marketing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13999', 'display_name': 'Digital Rights Management Architectures and Technologies', 'score': 0.9553, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14457', 'display_name': 'Intellectual Property Rights and Media Regulation', 'score': 0.9542, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scope', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'score': 0.56055105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-act', 'display_name': 'Copyright Act', 'score': 0.51222366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-law', 'display_name': 'Copyright Law', 'score': 0.497853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fair-use', 'display_name': 'Fair use', 'score': 0.43326476}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778272461', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752', 'display_name': 'Supreme court', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.76197934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17319257', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184', 'display_name': 'Statute', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68953776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.640315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780597233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396568', 'display_name': 'Deference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6035166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778012447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56055105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779710374', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131616', 'display_name': 'Copyright Act', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.51222366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776254780', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131562', 'display_name': 'Fair use', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43326476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42662695}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41772306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2987650672', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297822', 'display_name': 'Copyright law', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.25740013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2562303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34974158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257', 'display_name': 'Intellectual property', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16949531}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr/vol74/iss4/2/', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764727343', 'display_name': 'Maryland law review', 'issn_l': '0025-4282', 'issn': ['0025-4282'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4362726110', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Maryland', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4362726110'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Maryland'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.79, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W805724768', 'https://openalex.org/W336634667', 'https://openalex.org/W319028069', 'https://openalex.org/W31844576', 'https://openalex.org/W3138142626', 'https://openalex.org/W3125517758', 'https://openalex.org/W3125389631', 'https://openalex.org/W3124016434', 'https://openalex.org/W3122041122', 'https://openalex.org/W3121796970', 'https://openalex.org/W2994034000', 'https://openalex.org/W2933412771', 'https://openalex.org/W273652619', 'https://openalex.org/W2601965768', 'https://openalex.org/W2293958025', 'https://openalex.org/W216920402', 'https://openalex.org/W216767205', 'https://openalex.org/W1855801697', 'https://openalex.org/W1481027608', 'https://openalex.org/W130582565'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Online': [0], 'video': [1, 27, 97, 135, 281, 319], 'streaming': [2, 70], 'applications': [3], 'enable': [4], 'users': [5], 'to': [6, 50, 66, 75, 123, 141, 152, 173, 316, 336, 370], 'watch': [7], 'overthe-air': [8], 'broadcast': [9, 32], 'programs': [10], 'at': [11], 'any': [12, 17], 'time': [13], 'and': [14, 30, 57, 214, 309, 325], 'almost': [15], 'on': [16, 35, 72, 92, 220], 'device.': [18], 'As': [19], 'such,': [20], 'they': [21, 240], 'challenge': [22], 'the': [23, 31, 42, 46, 52, 87, 101, 121, 125, 128, 132, 139, 145, 244, 247, 251, 269, 278, 289, 292, 303, 306, 310, 322, 326, 334, 338, 378], 'pertinence': [24], 'of': [25, 45, 120, 134, 148, 168, 223, 246, 253, 268, 280, 291, 350, 356], 'traditional': [26], 'distribution': [28, 136, 282, 320], 'law': [29, 137, 271, 283, 343], 'network': [33], 'system': [34], 'which': [36, 142], 'it': [37, 94, 106], 'is': [38, 64, 81, 302], 'based.': [39], 'Congress': [40, 143, 273], 'enacted': [41], 'Transmit': [43, 248, 293, 339], 'Clause': [44, 249], '1976': [47], 'Copyright': [48, 307, 323], 'Act': [49, 324], 'resolve': [51], 'high-stakes': [53], 'tussle': [54], 'between': [55], 'broadcasters': [56], 'cable': [58], 'providers.': [59], 'But,': [60], 'today,': [61, 305], 'that': [62, 84, 105, 239, 262, 272, 346], 'provision': [63], 'ill-suited': [65], 'resolving': [67, 285], 'whether': [68, 93], 'unauthorized': [69], 'infringes': [71], 'broadcasters’': [73], 'copyright': [74], 'perform': [76], 'works': [77], 'publicly.': [78], 'Its': [79], 'scope': [80, 245, 290], 'ambiguous': [82], 'enough': [83], 'judges': [85], 'across': [86], 'country': [88], 'were': [89], 'notably': [90], 'divided': [91, 110], 'reaches': [95], 'online': [96, 318], 'distribution—that': [98], 'is,': [99], 'until': [100], 'Supreme': [102, 129], 'Court': [103], 'ruled': [104], 'does': [107], 'in': [108, 114, 250, 275, 277, 374], 'a': [109, 254, 366], 'opinion': [111], 'last': [112], 'term': [113], 'ABC': [115], 'v.': [116], 'Aereo.': [117], 'Remarkably,': [118], 'none': [119], 'courts': [122, 157, 263, 379], 'address': [124], 'question,': [126], 'including': [127], 'Court,': [130], 'consulted': [131], 'interpretations': [133, 349], 'by': [138], 'agencies': [140], 'delegated': [144], 'broad': [146], 'authority': [147, 315, 335], 'doing': [149], 'so': [150], 'pursuant': [151], 'closely': [153, 351], 'related': [154, 352], 'statutes.': [155], 'The': [156], '©': [158], '2015': [159], 'Olivier': [160], 'Sylvain.': [161], '*': [162], 'Associate': [163], 'Professor,': [164], 'Fordham': [165], 'University': [166], 'School': [167], 'Law.': [169], 'I': [170], 'am': [171], 'grateful': [172], 'Stefan': [174], 'Bechtold,': [175], 'Jim': [176], 'Brudney,': [177], 'Danielle': [178], 'Citron,': [179], 'Nestor': [180], 'Davidson,': [181], 'Martin': [182], 'Flaherty,': [183], 'Sheila': [184], 'Foster,': [185], 'Abner': [186], 'Greene,': [187], 'Hugh': [188], 'Hansen,': [189], 'Olati': [190], 'Johnson,': [191], 'Sonia': [192], 'Katyal,': [193], 'Andrew': [194], 'Kent,': [195], 'Ethan': [196], 'Leib,': [197], 'Joe': [198], 'Landau,': [199], 'Ron': [200], 'Lazebnik,': [201], 'Tom': [202], 'Lee,': [203], 'Robin': [204], 'Lenhardt,': [205], 'Mark': [206], 'Patterson,': [207], 'Aaron': [208], 'Saiger,': [209], 'Joel': [210], 'Reidenberg,': [211], 'Zahr': [212], 'Said,': [213], 'Ben': [215], 'Zipursky': [216], 'for': [217, 365], 'helpful': [218], 'comments': [219], 'earlier': [221], 'versions': [222], 'this': [224, 375], 'paper.': [225], 'Sarah': [226], 'Jaramillo': [227], 'provided': [228], 'unwavering': [229], 'research': [230], 'support.': [231], '716': [232], 'MARYLAND': [233], 'LAW': [234], 'REVIEW': [235], '[VOL.': [236], '74:715': [237], 'assumed': [238], 'alone': [241], 'should': [242, 265], 'interpret': [243, 317, 337], 'absence': [252], 'specific': [255], 'delegation': [256], 'from': [257], 'Congress.': [258], 'This': [259, 295, 361], 'Article': [260, 362], 'argues': [261, 364], 'instead': [264], 'consult': [266], 'all': [267], 'public': [270], 'set': [274], 'motion': [276], 'area': [279, 376], 'before': [284], 'novel': [286], 'disputes': [287], 'over': [288], 'Clause.': [294], 'reform': [296], 'would': [297], 'have': [298, 314, 380], 'purchase': [299], 'when,': [300], 'as': [301], 'case': [304], 'Office': [308], 'Federal': [311], 'Communications': [312, 327], 'Commission': [313], 'under': [321], 'Act,': [328], 'respectively.': [329], 'Although': [330], 'neither': [331], 'agency': [332], 'has': [333], 'Clause,': [340], 'current': [341], 'administrative': [342], 'doctrine': [344], 'suggests': [345], 'those': [347], 'agencies’': [348], 'statutes': [353], 'are': [354], 'worthy': [355], 'respect,': [357], 'if': [358], 'not': [359], 'deference.': [360], 'accordingly': [363], 'more': [367], 'careful': [368], 'approach': [369], 'substantive': [371], 'judicial': [372], 'review': [373], 'than': [377], 'employed.': [381]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125045182', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T18:08:33.308184', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}