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I am deeply grateful to my advisors, Stewart Myers, Dirk Jenter, Gustavo Manso, and Xavier Gabaix, for their support and guidance. I am indebted to an anonymous referee for numerous comments that significantly improved the paper, as well as an associate editor and the editor, Cam Harvey. This paper has also benefited from input by Prasun Agarwal', 'Anna Obizhaeva', 'Carola Frydman', 'Chris Evans', 'Cliff Holderness', 'Florian Ederer', 'Franklin Allen', 'Indraneel Chakraborty', 'Isil Erel', 'Itay Goldstein', 'Jack Bao', 'Jeremy Stein', 'Jialan Wang', 'Li He', 'Luke Taylor', 'Masako Ueda', 'Michael Roberts', 'Paul Yan', 'Pavitra Kumar', 'Robert Marquez', 'Robert Ready', 'Steve Ross', 'Weiyang Qiu', 'seminar participants at the 2008 Penn/NYU Conference on Law and Finance, the 2007 WFA meetings, the 2006 CEPR European Summer Symposium in Financial Markets, the 2006 FMA doctoral tutorial, Berkeley, Boston College, Dartmouth, Duke, Maryland, MIT, Northwestern, Notre Dame, NYU, UBC, UCLA, UNC, Wharton, and Yale. I acknowledge excellent research assistance from Qi Liu, and travel grants from the NYSE and the MIT Graduate Student Council. 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