Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3123834377', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpp005', 'title': 'Sovereign risk: constitutions rule', 'display_name': 'Sovereign risk: constitutions rule', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-03-23', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3123834377', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpp005', 'mag': '3123834377'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpp005', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26073974', 'display_name': 'Oxford Economic Papers', 'issn_l': '0030-7653', 'issn': ['0030-7653', '1464-3812'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf?subformat=pdfa', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020742724', 'display_name': 'Emanuel Kohlscheen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-3449'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'display_name': 'University of Warwick', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a77tt86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Emanuel Kohlscheen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Economics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Economics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5020742724'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3721, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 4564, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 9.43, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 77, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.974954, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '62', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '62', 'last_page': '85'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11621', 'display_name': 'Political and Economic Impacts of Fiscal Policy Cycles', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11621', 'display_name': 'Political and Economic Impacts of Fiscal Policy Cycles', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10503', 'display_name': 'International Finance and Capital Flows', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2003', 'display_name': 'Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11770', 'display_name': 'Impact of Infrastructure and Taxation on Economic Growth', 'score': 0.9947, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereign-default', 'display_name': 'Sovereign default', 'score': 0.5537018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rate-regimes', 'display_name': 'Exchange Rate Regimes', 'score': 0.504024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/default-rule', 'display_name': 'Default rule', 'score': 0.41386902}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197487636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892', 'display_name': 'Presidential system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7573674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199776023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875', 'display_name': 'Negotiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66666996}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5707699}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778782394', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092023', 'display_name': 'Sovereign default', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5537018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120527767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867', 'display_name': 'Debt', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52560806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48876143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777142071', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308200', 'display_name': 'Default rule', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41386902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148220186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912', 'display_name': 'Outcome (game theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41078976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39439002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994482091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12695', 'display_name': 'Sovereign debt', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.3787631}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35130695}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32689667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18547055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417', 'display_name': 'International economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3241675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186229450', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008', 'display_name': 'Sovereignty', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2880011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2428649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16341373}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15587112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13996023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11283302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 7, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpp005', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26073974', 'display_name': 'Oxford Economic Papers', 'issn_l': '0030-7653', 'issn': ['0030-7653', '1464-3812'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf?subformat=pdfa', 'pdf_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf?subformat=pdfa', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401616', 'display_name': 'AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120349', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Minnesota Rochester', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120349'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Minnesota Rochester'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401616', 'display_name': 'AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120349', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Minnesota Rochester', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120349'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Minnesota Rochester'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2008/working_paper_731.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2008/working_paper_731.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://repec.org/sed2006/up.26567.1133017668.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://repec.org/sed2006/up.26567.1133017668.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1464/1/WRAP_Kohlscheen_working_paper_731.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1464/1/WRAP_Kohlscheen_working_paper_731.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400665', 'display_name': 'Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Warwick', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Warwick'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.233.6147', 'pdf_url': 'http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/papers/working_paper_731.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf?subformat=pdfa', 'pdf_url': 'https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269624/files/working_paper_731.pdf?subformat=pdfa', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401616', 'display_name': 'AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120349', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Minnesota Rochester', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120349'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Minnesota Rochester'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'score': 0.46}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1485988023', 'https://openalex.org/W1498566560', 'https://openalex.org/W1504257592', 'https://openalex.org/W1536998215', 'https://openalex.org/W1594294799', 'https://openalex.org/W1950785596', 'https://openalex.org/W1968452906', 'https://openalex.org/W1979420573', 'https://openalex.org/W1993132818', 'https://openalex.org/W2000685927', 'https://openalex.org/W2011109146', 'https://openalex.org/W2026187159', 'https://openalex.org/W2033915090', 'https://openalex.org/W2056720499', 'https://openalex.org/W2060948512', 'https://openalex.org/W2082250995', 'https://openalex.org/W2097662949', 'https://openalex.org/W2110537446', 'https://openalex.org/W2124758339', 'https://openalex.org/W2132703850', 'https://openalex.org/W2143272946', 'https://openalex.org/W2160629221', 'https://openalex.org/W2168186672', 'https://openalex.org/W2312441521', 'https://openalex.org/W3121586043', 'https://openalex.org/W3121654483', 'https://openalex.org/W3121784735', 'https://openalex.org/W3121881150', 'https://openalex.org/W3122289537', 'https://openalex.org/W3123161744', 'https://openalex.org/W3124269201', 'https://openalex.org/W3125601827', 'https://openalex.org/W3147521736', 'https://openalex.org/W4232243078', 'https://openalex.org/W4246440837'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3133889767', 'https://openalex.org/W3124273717', 'https://openalex.org/W3123150319', 'https://openalex.org/W3121363276', 'https://openalex.org/W2921648642', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2745847961', 'https://openalex.org/W2415257986', 'https://openalex.org/W2048042359', 'https://openalex.org/W1531263645'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0, 55], 'paper': [1, 24], 'models': [2], 'the': [3, 13, 23, 29, 36, 62, 65, 76, 113], "executive's": [4], 'choice': [5], 'of': [6, 15, 38, 45, 61, 75, 88], 'whether': [7], 'to': [8, 26, 69], 'reschedule': [9], 'external': [10], 'debt': [11], 'as': [12], 'outcome': [14], 'an': [16], 'intra-governmental': [17], 'negotiation': [18], 'process.': [19], 'The': [20, 78], 'key': [21], 'issue': [22], 'tries': [25], 'explain': [27], 'is': [28, 57], 'stark': [30], 'difference': [31, 56], 'in': [32, 59, 95, 117], 'default': [33, 89, 124], 'rates': [34], 'between': [35], 'group': [37, 67], 'developing': [39], 'countries': [40, 92], 'that': [41, 49, 64, 104], 'have': [42, 70], 'presidential': [43, 91], 'forms': [44], 'government': [46], 'and': [47, 119], 'those': [48], 'are': [50, 93], 'parliamentary': [51, 82, 108], '(6.0%/year': [52], 'vs': [53], '1.6%/year).': [54], 'present': [58], 'spite': [60], 'fact': [63], 'latter': [66], 'tends': [68], 'a': [71, 96], 'somewhat': [72], 'higher': [73], 'turnover': [74, 116], 'executive.': [77], 'conditions': [79], 'under': [80], 'which': [81], 'democracies': [83, 106], 'will': [84], 'deliver': [85], 'lower': [86, 115, 123], 'probabilities': [87], 'than': [90], 'derived': [94], 'model': [97], 'with': [98, 107], 'opportunistic': [99], 'politicians.': [100], 'Empirically,': [101], 'I': [102], 'find': [103], 'middle-income': [105], 'regimes,': [109], 'more': [110], 'checks': [111], 'on': [112], 'executive,': [114], 'leadership': [118], 'coalition': [120], 'governments': [121], 'show': [122], 'propensities.': [125]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123834377', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-31T07:42:23.453026', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}