Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3122985781', 'doi': None, 'title': 'The causal effect of education on earnings', 'display_name': 'The causal effect of education on earnings', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3122985781', 'mag': '3122985781'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ideas.repec.org/h/eee/labchp/3-30.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S31376269', 'display_name': 'Handbook of labour economics', 'issn_l': '1573-4463', 'issn': ['1573-4463', '1875-5542'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090324651', 'display_name': 'David Card', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-6698'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'David Card', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5090324651'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 85.446, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 2326, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999943, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '1801', 'last_page': '1863'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10208', 'display_name': 'Labor market dynamics and wage inequality', 'score': 0.98, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10208', 'display_name': 'Labor market dynamics and wage inequality', 'score': 0.98, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13825', 'display_name': 'Economic Policies and Impacts', 'score': 0.9763, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12088', 'display_name': 'Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies', 'score': 0.974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-variable', 'display_name': 'Instrumental variable', 'score': 0.7272663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/disadvantaged', 'display_name': 'Disadvantaged', 'score': 0.5182228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-return', 'display_name': 'Rate of return', 'score': 0.4508835}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781426361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940', 'display_name': 'Earnings', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8365829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78077126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162144332', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305', 'display_name': 'Instrumental variable', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7272663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776943663', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687', 'display_name': 'Human capital', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.703833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5542101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780623907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435', 'display_name': 'Disadvantaged', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5182228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4249254', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431', 'display_name': 'Demographic economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4540537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86637286', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317264', 'display_name': 'Rate of return', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4508835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44439593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145236788', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161', 'display_name': 'Labour economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36931354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.104623705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08361545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07633102}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ideas.repec.org/h/eee/labchp/3-30.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S31376269', 'display_name': 'Handbook of labour economics', 'issn_l': '1573-4463', 'issn': ['1573-4463', '1875-5542'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'score': 0.78, 'display_name': 'Quality education'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3125960104', 'https://openalex.org/W3124601770', 'https://openalex.org/W3124380383', 'https://openalex.org/W3123143221', 'https://openalex.org/W3122676602', 'https://openalex.org/W3121556564', 'https://openalex.org/W3121359605', 'https://openalex.org/W3121142346', 'https://openalex.org/W3044348100', 'https://openalex.org/W2139122730', 'https://openalex.org/W2124758339', 'https://openalex.org/W2115747715', 'https://openalex.org/W2107497267', 'https://openalex.org/W2069939401', 'https://openalex.org/W2016422302', 'https://openalex.org/W1992746671', 'https://openalex.org/W1989535774', 'https://openalex.org/W1980412904', 'https://openalex.org/W1577892204', 'https://openalex.org/W1538443123'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122985781', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 47}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 49}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 91}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 102}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 149}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 163}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 139}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 173}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T02:18:22.746053', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}