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1907, 1916, 1965, 2026, 2085, 2169, 2185, 2196, 2203, 2232, 2241, 2269, 2301, 2379, 2550, 2557, 2588, 2714, 2947, 3014, 3043, 3053, 3118, 3151, 3255, 3272, 3333, 3374, 3482, 3498, 3713, 3801, 4114, 4484], 'more': [72, 98, 123, 172, 198, 223, 650, 787, 2549], 'papers': [73, 99, 124, 173, 199, 224], 'by': [74, 100, 125, 174, 200, 225, 542, 1109, 1139, 1503, 1580, 1974, 2031, 2117, 2181, 2792, 2934, 2998, 3217, 3408, 3468, 3591, 4218, 4490], 'this': [75, 101, 126, 175, 201, 226, 289, 328, 478, 975, 989, 1107, 1157, 1216, 1307, 1535, 1598, 2004, 2027, 2086, 2137, 2503, 2543, 2558, 2589, 2688, 2906, 3461, 3476, 3580, 3641], 'authorMuhammad': [76, 176], 'Rubayat': [77, 81, 177, 181], 'Bin': [78, 82, 178, 182], 'Shahadat,': [79, 179], 'Muhammad': [80, 180], 'Shahadat': [83, 183], 'Hajee': [88, 188], 'Mohammad': [89, 189], 'Danesh': [90, 190], 'Science': [91, 191, 4253], 'Technology': [93, 193], 'University,': [94, 194], 'Dinajpur,': [95, 195], 'BangladeshSearch': [96, 121, 196, 221], 'authorA.K.M.': [102, 202], 'Monjur': [103, 104, 107, 108, 203, 204, 207, 208], 'Morshed,': [105, 205], 'A.K.M.': [106, 206], 'Morshed': [109, 209], 'author': [127, 227], 'First': [228], 'published:': [229], '20': [230, 1726, 1739], 'January': [231], '2021': [232], 'https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.12034Citations:': [233], '1AboutSectionsPDF': [234], 'ToolsRequest': [235], 'permissionExport': [236], 'citationAdd': [237], 'to': [238, 260, 283, 321, 353, 360, 399, 418, 449, 506, 567, 606, 615, 690, 712, 795, 916, 940, 1034, 1052, 1073, 1096, 1200, 1240, 1322, 1418, 1525, 1553, 1600, 1704, 1719, 1729, 2102, 2261, 2397, 2401, 2413, 2525, 2570, 2776, 2969, 3226, 3239, 3282, 3385, 3533, 3538, 3544, 3622, 3632, 3665, 3708], 'favoritesTrack': [239], 'citation': [240], 'ShareShare': [241], 'Give': [242], 'accessShare': [243, 246], 'full': [244], 'text': [245], 'full-text': [247, 262, 286], 'accessPlease': [248], 'review': [249, 3767, 3978, 4004], 'our': [250], 'Terms': [251, 274], 'Conditions': [253, 276], 'Use': [255], 'check': [257], 'box': [258], 'below': [259, 282], 'share': [261, 284], 'version': [263, 287], 'article.I': [265], 'have': [266, 306, 502, 563, 686, 807, 894], 'read': [267], 'accept': [269], 'Wiley': [271, 4204], 'Online': [272, 4205], 'Library': [273], 'UseShareable': [278], 'LinkUse': [279], 'link': [281], 'a': [285, 300, 763, 816, 1175, 2130, 2204, 2736, 2748, 2850, 2882, 3069, 3102, 3173, 3207, 3907], 'article': [290], 'with': [291, 486, 777, 887, 1018, 1143, 1162, 1197, 2038, 2070, 2074, 2121, 2214, 2304, 2324, 2344, 2358, 2377, 2381, 2458, 2516, 2534, 3148, 3172, 3233, 3252, 3269, 3553, 3597, 3679, 3729, 4302], 'your': [292], 'friends': [293], 'colleagues.': [295], 'Learn': [296], 'more.Copy': [297], 'URL': [298], 'Share': [299], 'linkShare': [301], 'onFacebookTwitterLinked': [302], 'InRedditWechat': [303], 'Abstract': [304], 'Nanofluids': [305, 482, 1103], 'become': [307], 'subject': [309], 'theoretical': [311], 'experimental': [313, 561, 2040, 2059, 2072], 'researches': [314, 2490], 'over': [315, 348, 377, 385, 409, 472, 552, 911, 953, 1075, 1169, 1204, 2192, 2222, 2279, 2499, 2693, 3449, 3472], 'last': [317, 498], 'few': [318, 499], 'decades': [319, 500], 'due': [320, 505, 939, 1072, 3532, 3707], 'their': [322, 507, 3367], 'enhanced': [323, 732, 3228, 3391, 3546, 3875, 4362, 4537], 'heat': [324, 363, 466, 828, 835, 837, 842, 1680, 1714, 1745, 1987, 4485], 'transfer': [325, 364, 467, 829, 3204, 4486], 'performance.': [326, 365], 'In': [327, 988, 1306, 1416, 1534, 2502, 2687, 3300, 3475, 3579], 'study,': [329, 990, 1308, 1536, 2504, 2544, 2689, 3477, 3581], 'copper': [333, 340, 411, 984, 1012, 1025, 1111, 1141, 1171, 1193, 1206, 3097, 3152, 3194, 3236, 3258, 3275, 3314, 3354, 4082], 'argon': [334, 2037, 2051, 3099], 'containing': [336, 443, 815, 981, 1009, 1297, 1303, 2109, 2171, 2294, 2339, 2426, 2438, 2453, 2704, 2783, 2952, 3019, 3055, 3120, 3511, 3572, 3586, 3650, 3657, 4394], 'coated': [337, 444, 983, 1011, 1163, 1304, 2152, 2305, 2340, 2383, 2427, 2454, 2510, 2553, 2705, 2784, 2917, 2953, 3020, 3056, 3093, 3121, 3235, 3303, 3483, 3512, 3573, 3587, 3651, 3687], 'non-coated': [339, 402, 1024, 1187, 1298, 2295, 2325, 2342, 2385, 2439, 2456, 2519, 2923, 2955, 3022, 3058, 3077, 3123, 3241, 3316, 3485, 3518, 3575, 3599, 3658, 3689], 'particles': [341, 2306, 2343, 2428, 2457, 2511, 2581, 3652], 'is': [342, 351, 395, 407, 416, 446, 460, 475, 611, 647, 728, 741, 758, 793, 914, 935, 948, 970, 1195, 1371, 1380, 1385, 1438, 1523, 1613, 1644, 1649, 1656, 1661, 1678, 1689, 1741, 1752, 1814, 1822, 1830, 1853, 1863, 1880, 1887, 1893, 1972, 1985, 2061, 2230, 2317, 2364, 2429, 2523, 2563, 2680, 2724, 2804, 2864, 2870, 2909, 2919, 2932, 2967, 3030, 3040, 3066, 3082, 3101, 3160, 3180, 3189, 3214, 3308, 3313, 3331, 3372, 3441, 3464, 3487, 3490, 3496, 3514, 3526, 3653, 3669], 'determined': [343, 579, 997, 1015, 2155, 2180, 2513, 3133, 3488, 3590], 'through': [344], 'MD': [345, 999, 1990], 'simulation.': [346, 3137, 4493], 'Coating': [347, 910], 'applied': [352, 376, 408, 915, 1168, 1272, 2278, 2692, 3670], 'provide': [354], 'long-term': [355], 'stable': [356, 1731], 'dispersion': [357], 'also': [359, 742, 925, 949, 1079, 2099, 2351, 2583, 2996, 3215, 3280, 3542, 3615], 'enhance': [361], 'Thermal': [366, 921, 1005, 1684, 2147, 2175, 2347, 3646, 3660, 3674, 3725, 3840, 4029, 4212, 4386, 4510], 'depends': [370, 926, 963, 2352], 'types': [373, 799, 840, 2992], 'nanoparticles.': [379, 412, 820, 2274, 2296, 2386, 2676, 2695, 2706, 2729, 2785, 3106, 3155, 3195, 3519, 3600, 3673, 3690, 4091], 'The': [380, 404, 462, 535, 717, 750, 1027, 1064, 1085, 1189, 1226, 1327, 1605, 1743, 1858, 2022, 2555, 2573, 2677, 2796, 2925, 3060, 3125, 3176, 3503, 3520, 3637, 4355], 'role': [381, 4356], 'surface': [383, 470, 677, 966, 2497, 3298, 3306, 3311, 4397], 'in': [388, 477, 492, 519, 651, 723, 754, 762, 826, 937, 974, 1106, 1113, 1126, 1156, 1173, 1185, 1273, 1284, 1316, 1335, 1468, 1597, 1615, 1754, 1961, 2003, 2162, 2329, 2443, 2591, 2598, 2806, 2964, 2988, 3005, 3074, 3084, 3086, 3090, 3109, 3168, 3245, 3262, 3315, 3338, 3344, 3492, 3561, 3692, 3845, 3879, 3931, 3961, 4134, 4169, 4360, 4430, 4488, 4535], 'enhancing': [389], 'properties': [391, 537, 694, 811, 2461, 3905, 4007], 'discussed': [396, 476], 'compared': [398, 448, 621, 1017, 2515, 2569, 3238, 3596], 'that': [400, 450, 600, 643, 881, 1019, 1177, 1713, 2122, 2262, 2290, 2434, 2517, 2911, 2960, 2970, 2974, 3029, 3162, 3400, 3444], 'particles.': [403, 1857, 2326, 2440, 2554, 2924, 2956, 3059, 3659], 'silver': [405, 982, 1010, 1165, 1198, 1202, 2568, 3105, 3154, 3187, 3200, 3234, 3256, 3273, 3309, 3334, 3352, 4062], 'Green': [413, 709, 1002, 1093, 1592, 1606, 2182, 3617], 'Kubo': [414, 710, 1003, 1094, 1593, 1607, 2183, 3618], 'method': [415, 1095, 1594, 2184, 3619], 'employed': [417, 3621], 'determine': [419, 568, 691, 1097, 1601, 2103], 'nanofluids.': [425, 574, 660, 696, 1063, 1102, 1900, 2611, 2769, 3395, 3773, 3803, 3823, 3880, 3962, 4012, 4037, 4063, 4431, 4541], 'Result': [426], 'shows': [427, 1712, 2248, 2369, 2942, 2959, 3049, 3142, 3292], 'that,': [428, 2202, 2719], 'volume': [430, 548, 596, 609, 637, 891, 902, 1028, 1179, 1254, 1261, 1650, 2187, 2218, 2233, 2242, 2271, 2314, 2345, 2362, 2389, 2419, 2470, 2672, 3603, 3681], 'fraction': [431, 597, 610, 903, 1029, 1180, 2234, 2243, 2315, 2346, 2363, 2390, 2471, 2673], '3%': [432, 1033, 2235, 2313], '86': [434, 1043, 1223, 2308, 2411], 'K': [435, 1048, 1051, 1224, 1235, 1238, 2309, 2412], 'system': [436, 1538, 1559, 1658, 1688, 1871, 1879, 1898, 2198, 2206, 2310, 2474, 2609, 3606, 3684], 'temperature,': [437, 550, 1659, 2207, 2475], 'enhancement': [440, 459, 623, 646, 666, 747, 753, 897, 1068, 2226, 2238, 2298, 2547, 2559, 2590, 3284, 3715, 4031], 'nanofluid': [442, 814, 962, 980, 1008, 2178, 2260, 2268, 2286, 2293, 2350, 2380, 2408, 2425, 2437, 2551, 3045, 3550, 3613, 3649, 3656, 3677], 'particle': [445, 1819, 1846, 2670, 2757, 2898, 2901, 3023, 3124, 3576, 3843], '17%': [447, 2297, 3666], 'base': [452, 513, 1121, 2265, 2478, 2742, 2948, 2989, 3015, 3170], 'fluid': [453, 1122, 2479, 2949, 3016, 3171], 'without': [455, 2495, 2536], 'coating,': [456, 967, 2868, 2878], '12%.': [461], 'mechanism': [463, 1065, 3388, 3878], 'increased': [465, 718, 3521], 'performance': [468], 'paper.': [479], '1': [480, 1209, 1621, 1764, 1774, 1781, 1787, 1792, 1797, 1940, 1947, 2815, 2819, 2823, 2829, 2833, 2837], 'INTRODUCTION': [481], 'are': [483, 516, 540, 672, 802, 823, 1333, 1840, 1905, 2088, 2582, 3166, 3643, 3710], 'solid': [484, 2720, 2728, 2731, 2788, 2794, 3038, 3537], 'size': [487], '1–100': [489], 'nm,': [490], 'suspended': [491], 'liquids': [494], '[1].': [495], 'Over': [496], 'attracted': [503], 'researchers': [504, 685], 'higher': [508, 760, 942, 1884, 2288, 2319, 2432, 2920, 3191, 3208, 3339, 3654], 'than': [511, 656, 761, 788, 812, 1440, 2289, 2320, 2433, 2921, 3192, 3517, 3655], 'fluids.': [514, 2990], 'They': [515, 806, 893, 2786], 'widely': [517, 824], 'used': [518, 705, 794, 825, 936, 950, 1118, 1155, 1214, 1321, 1328, 1552, 1568, 1596, 2025, 2084, 2772, 3384, 3631], 'solar': [520], 'water': [521, 4009, 4389], 'heating,': [522], 'electronics': [523], 'cooling,': [524, 526, 529], 'engine': [525, 652], 'transformer': [527], 'oil': [528, 632, 653], 'nuclear': [530], 'reactor': [531], 'etc.': [532, 865, 2485], '[2,': [533], '3].': [534], 'thermo-physical': [536, 693], 'influenced': [541], 'several': [543, 2466], 'factors,': [544], 'including': [545], 'nanoparticle': [546, 588, 934, 1077, 1305, 2739, 2931, 2987, 3259, 3276, 3355, 3901], 'size,': [547], 'fraction,': [549, 2420], 'nanoparticle,': [554, 2473], 'shape': [556, 1135, 2482], 'nanoparticle.': [559, 1026, 1207, 2501], 'Several': [560, 2094], 'studies': [562, 3000], 'been': [564], 'carried': [565, 1089, 1220, 1258, 2100], 'out': [566, 1090, 1138, 1221, 1259, 2101], 'various': [573, 827], 'Zhao': [575], 'et': [576, 618, 768, 869, 2144, 3219, 3764, 3814, 3838, 3893, 3920, 3975, 4001, 4027, 4052, 4076, 4106, 4210, 4321, 4384, 4416, 4477, 4508], 'al.': [577, 619, 769, 870, 2145, 3220], '[4]': [578], 'Al2O3-water': [584], 'having': [586, 1023, 2151, 2509, 2532, 2552], 'average': [587, 1831, 1873, 1890, 3398], 'mean': [589, 3566, 3704], 'diameter': [590, 1151], '30': [592, 1152], 'nm': [593, 3073], 'different': [595, 636, 839, 2186, 2197, 2270], 'found': [599, 642, 3067], 'increases': [603, 885, 2213, 2357, 3662, 3678], 'from': [604, 613, 1032, 2136, 2399, 2410, 3134, 3322, 3536, 3663], '9.4%': [605], '23.1%': [607], 'while': [608, 2057, 2236, 3310], 'changed': [612], '1.3%': [614], '5.9%.': [616], 'Murshed': [617], '[5]': [620], 'between': [627, 1374, 1845, 2579, 2738, 3096], 'Al2O3-ethylene': [628], 'glycol': [629, 658, 4060, 4392], 'Al2O3-engine': [631], 'based': [633, 654, 659, 2681, 4010, 4061, 4084], 'fractions': [638, 1262, 2188, 2272, 3604, 3682], 'temperatures': [640, 1041, 1239], 'about': [648, 2430], '4%': [649], 'ethylene': [657, 4059, 4391], 'Key': [661], 'factors': [662, 2467], 'which': [663, 2316, 3336, 3551], 'control': [664], 'shape,': [673], 'agglomeration': [674, 3844], 'state,': [675, 1563], 'resistance': [678], '[6].': [681], 'Besides': [682], 'experiments,': [683], 'many': [684], 'performed': [687, 1039, 1502, 1524, 1906, 2007, 2494], 'numerical': [688], 'simulations': [689, 1000, 1037, 1256, 2001, 2097], 'While': [697], 'simulating': [698, 1160], 'Cu–Ar': [699, 994, 3116], 'nanofluids,': [700, 1750, 2972], 'Sarkar': [701], 'Selvam': [703], '[7]': [704], 'L-J': [706, 1391, 1444, 1454, 2082, 3628], 'potential': [707, 1312, 1331, 1392, 1445, 1825, 3534, 3629, 4189], 'technique': [711], 'find': [713], 'conductivity.': [716, 1248, 1604, 3341, 3718], 'movement': [719, 3368, 3522], 'liquid': [721, 1114, 2036, 2050, 2722, 2733, 2790, 2928, 2966, 2978, 3012, 3032, 3480, 3509, 3524, 4217], 'atoms': [722, 1142, 1508, 3013, 3481, 3525], 'presence': [725], 'primarily': [729], 'responsible': [730, 743, 3373], 'system.': [737, 1591, 3046], 'Aggregation': [738], '[8,': [748], '9].': [749], 'an': [755, 3401, 3445], 'aggregated': [756, 3932], 'state': [757, 765, 1529, 1577, 4194], '35%': [759], 'non-aggregated': [764, 3934], '[9].': [766], 'Topal': [767], '[9]': [770], 'evaluated': [771], 'equilibrium': [778, 1528, 1562], '(EMD)': [779], 'non-equilibrium': [781], '(NEMD)': [782], 'simulations.': [785, 4281], 'Sometimes,': [786], 'one': [789], 'type': [790, 818, 929, 2476, 3211], 'produce': [796, 1697], 'nanofluid.': [797, 805, 3289, 3908], 'These': [798], 'called': [803], 'hybrid': [804, 877, 3980, 4036], 'shown': [808, 1334, 1467, 1614, 2597, 2805, 3491], 'excellent': [809], 'single': [817, 1877], 'Hybrid': [821], 'applications': [830, 3769], 'such': [831, 1174, 2468, 3080], 'as': [832, 951, 1119, 1184, 1314, 2054, 2469, 2585, 2596, 2735, 3466], 'micro-mini': [833], 'channel': [834], 'sink,': [836], 'pipes,': [838], 'exchanger': [843], '(i.e.': [844], 'shell': [845], 'tube': [847], 'type,': [848, 850], 'tubular': [849], 'helical': [851], 'coil': [852], 'type),': [853], 'air': [854], 'conditioning': [855], 'system,': [856], 'manufacturing,': [857], 'microfluidics,': [858], 'transportation,': [859], 'medical': [860], 'devices,': [861], 'defence': [862], 'equipment,': [863], 'acoustics': [864], '[10,': [866], '11].': [867], 'Esfe': [868], '[12]': [871], 'investigated': [872], 'SiO2–MWCNT/EG': [876], 'showed': [880], 'ratio': [884], 'nonlinearly': [886], 'increasing': [888, 2371], 'temperature': [889, 907, 1057, 1243, 1555, 1588, 2311, 2359, 2378, 2405, 2459, 3607, 3685], 'fraction.': [892, 2219], 'reported': [895, 2997], '22.2%': [896], 'at': [901, 1040, 1222, 1426, 1989, 2307, 3034, 3068, 3206, 3369], '1.94%': [905], '50': [908], '°C.': [909], 'avoid': [917], 'settling': [918], 'agglomeration.': [920], 'used.': [932], 'Silver': [933], 'its': [941, 968], '[14]': [945], 'it': [947, 2908, 3159, 3202], '[15,': [956], '16].': [957], 'Although': [958], "nanoparticle's": [965], 'still': [971], 'unexplored.': [972], 'Therefore,': [973, 1728, 2078], 'was': [986, 996, 1014, 1030, 1078, 1088, 1117, 1124, 1136, 1154, 1167, 1320, 1424, 1501, 1539, 1551, 1567, 1578, 1595, 2052, 2154, 2179, 2239, 2277, 2299, 2395, 2512, 2548, 2691, 3589, 3614, 3620, 3630], 'studied.': [987], 'using': [998, 1091, 1461, 1517, 2008, 2015, 2935, 4460], 'following': [1001, 2156], 'method.': [1004, 4463], 'varied': [1031], '9%': [1035], 'were': [1038, 1104, 1219, 1229, 1257, 1271, 1459, 1514, 2006, 2013, 2029, 2098, 2115, 2493, 2995], 'K,': [1044, 1046, 1233], '94': [1045, 1232], '102': [1047, 1234], '110': [1050, 1237, 2414], 'investigate': [1053, 1250], 'investigated.': [1080, 3616], '2': [1081, 1484, 1627, 1711, 1775, 1788, 1934, 2622, 2626, 2636, 2814, 2825, 2839, 3426], 'MOLECULAR': [1082], 'SIMULATION': [1083], 'PROCEDURES': [1084], 'EMD': [1086], 'simulation': [1087, 1212, 1280, 1295, 1653, 1904, 2023, 2044, 3358, 3594, 3867, 3897, 3924, 4300, 4452], 'modelled': [1105], 'suspending': [1110], 'argon.': [1115], 'Argon': [1116], 'arranged': [1125], 'face-centred': [1127], 'cubic': [1128], '(FCC)': [1129], 'lattice.': [1130], 'region': [1132], 'particular': [1134, 2205], 'carved': [1137], 'placing': [1140], 'FCC': [1144], 'lattice': [1145], 'constant': [1146, 2981], '3.6153': [1147], 'Å.': [1148], 'Nanoparticles': [1149], 'Å': [1153], 'study.': [1158, 1217], 'For': [1159, 2387, 2416, 2538, 3196], 'way': [1176], 'remains': [1181, 2980], 'same': [1183, 2158, 2418, 2774], 'condition.': [1188, 2520, 3078, 3242, 3317], 'outermost': [1190], 'layer': [1191, 2750, 2791, 3103, 4451], 'replaced': [1196, 2787], 'atom': [1199, 1375, 3039, 3307, 3312, 3365, 3402, 3446, 3510], 'mimic': [1201], 'Figure': [1208, 1710, 2127, 2246, 2367, 2940, 3047, 3290, 3493], 'presents': [1210, 2129], 'domains': [1213], 'Simulations': [1218], 'temperature.': [1225, 2355], 'entire': [1227], 'processes': [1228], 'repeated': [1230], 'To': [1249, 1696], 'fractions,': [1255], '3%,': [1264], '6%': [1265, 2388], '9%.': [1267, 2245], 'Periodic': [1268], 'boundary': [1269], 'conditions': [1270], 'all': [1274, 2539], 'three': [1276], 'directions': [1277], 'domain.': [1281], 'FIGURE': [1282, 1959, 2160, 2327, 2441, 3003, 3107, 3243, 3260, 3342, 3559], '1Open': [1283], 'figure': [1285, 1962, 2163, 2330, 2444, 3006, 3110, 3246, 3263, 3345, 3562], 'viewerPowerPoint': [1286, 1963, 2164, 2331, 2445, 3007, 3111, 3247, 3264, 3346, 3563], '(a)': [1287], 'Simulation': [1288, 1301, 4238], 'domain,': [1289], '(b)': [1290], 'section': [1291], 'view': [1292], 'domain': [1296, 1302], 'particle.': [1299, 2686], '(c)': [1300], '12–6': [1309], 'Lennard-Jones': [1310, 4216], '(L-J)': [1311], '[17]': [1313], 'presented': [1315, 2002], 'Equation': [1318, 1616, 1756, 1914, 2599, 2807, 3409], '(1)': [1319], 'describe': [1323, 3633], 'inter-atomic': [1325, 1386, 3635], 'interactions.': [1326, 3636], 'inter': [1329], 'atomic': [1330, 3370], 'parameters': [1332, 1393, 1455, 4191], 'Table': [1336], '1.': [1337, 1390], 'Φ': [1338, 1446], 'r': [1339, 1346, 1352, 1357, 1361, 1435, 1448, 1803, 2861, 2869, 3419, 3423, 3430, 3436], 'i': [1340, 1347, 1353, 1358, 1376, 1436, 1449, 1474, 1478, 1479, 1488, 1492, 1493, 1633, 1636, 1668, 1673, 1790, 1801, 1804, 1809, 1847, 2852, 2884, 3420, 3424, 3431, 3437, 3447], 'j': [1341, 1348, 1354, 1359, 1437, 1450, 1475, 1482, 1483, 1489, 1495, 1496, 1762, 1767, 1769, 1779, 1785, 1795, 1799, 1805, 1807, 1810], '=': [1342, 1476, 1490, 1620, 1760, 1763, 1773, 1780, 1791, 1796, 1927, 1937, 1946, 2618, 2813, 2846, 2859, 3417], '4': [1343, 2247, 3577], 'ε': [1344, 1379, 1406, 1487, 1491, 1494], 'σ': [1345, 1351, 1384, 1411, 1473, 1477, 1481], '12': [1349], '−': [1350, 1770, 1942, 1949, 2625, 2629, 2642, 2816, 2828, 2830, 3422, 3435], '6': [1355, 2941], ';': [1356], '<': [1360], 'c': [1362, 2848, 2880], 'u': [1363], 't': [1364, 1637, 1640, 1675, 1912, 1925, 1929, 1970, 1977, 2851, 2883, 3415, 3421, 3433], 'o': [1365, 2849, 2881], 'f': [1366, 1367, 2614, 2615, 2617, 2624, 2628, 2638, 2641, 2811, 2812], ',': [1368, 1485, 1497, 1641, 1798, 1811, 1913, 1957, 2646, 2843, 2857, 2862, 3428], '(1)where,': [1369], 'rij': [1370, 1837], 'distance': [1373, 1432, 3070, 3399, 3443], 'j,': [1378, 1820, 1849], 'interaction': [1382], 'strength,': [1383], 'length': [1387, 1724, 1737, 3454], 'scale.': [1388], 'TABLE': [1389], 'Ar–Ar,': [1395], 'Ag–Ag': [1396, 1404], 'Cu–Cu': [1398, 1402], 'interactions': [1399, 1458, 2578, 3117, 3531], 'Ar–Ar': [1400], '[18]': [1401], '[19]': [1403], '[20]': [1405], '(kcal/mol)': [1407], '0.2381': [1408], '9.4500': [1409], '7.95589': [1410], '(Å)': [1412], '3.4050': [1413], '2.3377': [1414], '2.644': [1415], 'order': [1417], 'reduce': [1419], 'computational': [1420], 'time,': [1421], 'cut-off': [1422, 1442], 'radius': [1423, 2759, 2872], 'set': [1425], '2.8σar': [1427], '[21].': [1428], 'When': [1429, 2275], 'separation': [1431], 'atoms,': [1434], 'larger': [1439], 'radius,': [1443], '(': [1447, 1669, 1674, 1980, 1993, 3414, 3432, 3438], ')': [1451, 1671, 1676, 1984, 1997, 3416, 3434, 3440], 'becomes': [1452, 2287], 'zero.': [1453, 1881], 'solid–liquid': [1457, 3028], 'calculated': [1460, 2053, 2066, 2135, 3497], 'Lorentz–Berthelot': [1462], 'mixing': [1463], 'rule': [1464], '[22]': [1465], 'Equations': [1469], '(2)': [1470, 1486], '(3).': [1472], '+': [1480, 1786, 1953, 1982, 1995, 2621, 2635, 2639, 2818, 2820, 2824, 2832, 2834, 2838], '(3)': [1498], 'Energy': [1499, 3748, 3776, 3989, 4015], 'minimisation': [1500], 'adjusting': [1504], 'initial': [1505], 'positions': [1506], "Newton's": [1510], 'equations': [1511], 'motions': [1513], 'integrated': [1515], 'numerically': [1516], 'velocity': [1518, 1816, 3127, 3147, 3179, 3185, 3198, 3251, 3268, 3696], 'verlet': [1519], 'algorithm.': [1520], 'Equilibration': [1521], 'process': [1522], 'achieve': [1526, 1730], 'before': [1530], 'data': [1532, 1570, 4301], 'production.': [1533], 'equilibrated': [1540], '100,000': [1542], 'time': [1543, 1565, 1909, 1991, 3149, 3253, 3270, 3451, 3473, 3499], 'steps': [1544, 1910, 1992, 3150], 'under': [1545, 1572, 1692, 2876, 2902], 'canonical': [1546], 'ensemble': [1547, 1574], '(NVT).': [1548], 'Nose-Hoover': [1549], 'thermostat': [1550], 'keep': [1554], 'constant.': [1556, 2366], 'After': [1557], 'has': [1560], 'achieved': [1561], '1000,000': [1564], 'step': [1566, 3254, 3271], 'production': [1571], 'micro-canonical': [1573], '(NVE).': [1575], 'Equilibrium': [1576], 'validated': [1579, 2030, 2116], 'observing': [1581], 'convergence': [1583, 1698], 'total': [1585, 1854], 'energy': [1586, 1826, 3205, 3279, 3295, 3330, 3350, 3699, 4190], 'relation': [1608, 2797], 'determining': [1610, 1866, 1917], '(4)': [1617, 1915], '[23].': [1618], 'k': [1619, 1624, 1643, 1924, 1930, 2612, 2616, 2619, 2623, 2627, 2630, 2633, 2637, 2640, 2643, 2809, 2841, 2847, 2855, 2879, 2888], 'V': [1623, 1648, 1932], 'B': [1625, 1931], 'T': [1626, 1655, 1933], '∫': [1628], '0': [1629, 1634, 1670, 1938, 3425, 3439], '∞': [1630], '⟨': [1631, 1666, 3418], 'J': [1632, 1635, 1667, 1672, 1751, 1759, 1951, 1955, 1979], '⟩': [1638, 1677, 3427], 'd': [1639], '(4)where': [1642], 'conductivity,': [1647, 1735], 'box,': [1654], 'kB': [1660], 'Boltzmann': [1663], 'constant,': [1664], 'current': [1681, 1715, 1746, 1988], 'autocorrelation': [1682, 1716], 'function.': [1683], 'area': [1691], 'HCACF': [1694, 1701, 1964], 'curve.': [1695], 'data,': [1700], 'must': [1702], 'decays': [1703, 1718], 'zero': [1705, 1720], 'within': [1706, 1721], 'correlation': [1708, 1723, 1736], 'length.': [1709], 'function': [1717, 2938, 3010, 3114], 'ps.': [1727, 3502], 'value': [1732, 2060, 2067, 2073, 2209, 3327], 'ps': [1740], 'sufficient.': [1742], 'instantaneous': [1744], 'vector': [1747, 3462], 'defined': [1753, 3407], '(5)': [1757], '[24].': [1758], '∑': [1761, 1771, 1778, 1789, 1794, 1935, 1944], 'N': [1765, 1782, 1793, 1802, 1852, 1941, 1948], 'v': [1766, 1783, 1806], 'E': [1768, 3853], 'α': [1772, 1777, 1784], 'h': [1776, 2753, 2860, 2863], '≠': [1800], 'F': [1808], '(5)where': [1812], 'vj': [1813], 'Ej': [1821], 'kinetic': [1823, 3278, 3294, 3329, 3349, 3698], 'per': [1827], 'atom;': [1828], 'hα': [1829], 'partial': [1832, 1861, 1874, 1891], 'enthalpy': [1833, 1862, 1875, 1892], 'species': [1835], 'α,': [1836], 'Fij': [1839], 'displacement': [1841, 3362, 3380, 3568, 3706], 'interacting': [1843], 'force': [1844], 'respectively,': [1850, 2654, 2891], 'number': [1855], 'calculation': [1859, 1968], 'important': [1864], 'multicomponent': [1870, 1897], 'whereas': [1872], 'component': [1878], 'An': [1882], 'anomalous': [1883], 'obtained': [1888, 2240, 2300, 3332], 'if': [1889, 2360], 'not': [1894, 3041], 'considered': [1895, 2584], 'like': [1899, 2610, 2721, 2732, 2789], 'Since': [1901], 'discrete': [1908], 'Δ': [1911, 1928, 1976], 'can': [1920, 2601, 3131, 3203, 3319, 3359, 3382, 3405], 'be': [1921, 3132, 3320, 3383, 3406], 'written': [1922], 'as:': [1923], 'M': [1926, 1939, 1971, 1975, 3411], 'm': [1936, 1943, 1950, 1952, 1981, 1994], 'n': [1945, 1954, 1956, 1983, 1996, 2853, 2885], '(6)': [1958], '2Open': [1960], 'where': [1969], 'given': [1973], '.': [1998], 'All': [1999, 3222], 'LAMMPS': [2009], '[25],': [2010], 'visualisation': [2012], 'done': [2014], 'OVITO': [2016], '[26].': [2017], 'RESULTS': [2019], 'AND': [2020], 'DISCUSSION': [2021], 'methods': [2024], 'comparing': [2032, 2118], 'results.': [2041, 2093], 'From': [2042, 2905], 'results,': [2045], '0.142': [2055], 'W/mK': [2056, 2063], '0.132': [2062], '[27];': [2064], 'agrees': [2068, 3552], 'well': [2069], '8%': [2075], 'error': [2076], 'band.': [2077], 'methodology': [2080], 'potentials': [2083], 'capable': [2089], 'predicating': [2091], 'accurate': [2092], 'spherical': [2110, 2172, 2684, 2756], 'results': [2114, 2120, 2141, 2994, 3337], 'published': [2125], 'literature.': [2126], 'comparison': [2131, 2522], 'Lee': [2143], '[13].': [2146], 'procedure.': [2159], '3Open': [2161], 'Validation': [2165], 'shaped': [2173, 2685], 'nanoparticles,': [2190, 2224, 2281, 2392, 2481, 3201, 3304, 3702], 'temperatures.': [2199], 'Results': [2200], 'show': [2201], 'increase': [2216, 2398], 'Without': [2220], '12%': [2231, 3664], '50%': [2237], 'variation': [2250, 3144], 'normalised': [2252, 2334, 2374, 2448], '(ratio': [2255], 'fluid)': [2266], '5%': [2318, 2431], 'nano': [2322, 2749], 'fluids': [2323], '4Open': [2328], 'Variation': [2332, 2446, 3248, 3265], 'It': [2356], 'kept': [2365], '5': [2368], 'trend': [2372], 'both': [2382, 3163], 'observed': [2396, 3083, 3216], '36%': [2400], '65': [2402], '%': [2403], 'when': [2404, 3667], 'changes': [2409], 'K.': [2415], '5Open': [2442], 'Thermo-physical': [2460], 'depend': [2464], 'Most': [2486], 'previous': [2489, 3555], 'any': [2496, 3375], 'made': [2524], 'compare': [2526], 'coating.': [2537, 2795, 2904], 'cases': [2541], 'reason': [2556], 'superior': [2564], 'copper.': [2572], 'Brownian': [2574, 4425, 4533], 'motion': [2575, 4426, 4534], 'reasons': [2587, 3712], 'thermal.': [2592], 'Maxwell': [2593, 2678, 2712, 4369], 'model': [2594, 2679, 2697, 2713], '[28]': [2595], '(7),': [2600], 'predict': [2602, 2699, 2777], 'two': [2607], 'components': [2608], 'e': [2613, 2810], 'p': [2620, 2631, 2634, 2644, 2842, 2856, 2889], '∅': [2632, 2645, 2652], '(7)where': [2647], 'kf,': [2648], 'keff': [2649], 'kp,': [2651], 'are,': [2653, 2890], 'fluid,': [2660], 'effective': [2661, 2701, 2765, 2799, 2912, 3869], 'nanofluid,': [2665], 'This': [2696, 2730, 2957, 3210, 3540], 'cannot': [2698], 'Yu': [2707, 2744], 'Choi': [2709, 2746], '[29]': [2710], 'modified': [2711, 4396], 'predicting': [2715], 'assuming': [2718, 2747], 'structure': [2723, 2926, 2958, 2976, 3033], 'formed': [2725], 'around': [2726, 2754, 2929], 'acts': [2734], 'bridge': [2737], 'fluid.': [2743], 'thickness': [2751, 2866], 'r,': [2760], 'derived': [2761], 'equation': [2763, 2775], 'Amiri': [2770], '[30]': [2771], '(8).': [2808], 'γ': [2817, 2826, 2827, 2831, 2840, 2845], 'β': [2821, 2835, 2858], '(8)where': [2844], 'g': [2854, 2886], 'sphere': [2875], 'relation,': [2907], 'seen': [2910, 3161, 3321], 'studied': [2933], 'radial': [2936, 3693], 'distribution': [2937, 3009, 3113, 3694], '(RDF).': [2939], 'liquid–liquid': [2944, 2961], 'RDF': [2945, 2962, 3026, 3051, 3064, 3088], 'curve': [2946, 2963, 3052, 3065, 3089, 3507], 'pure': [2965], 'identical': [2968, 3042], 'indicating': [2973], 'phase': [2979], 'despite': [2982], 'addition': [2984], 'Same': [2991], 'numerous': [2999], '[31,': [3001], '32].': [3002], '6Open': [3004], 'Radial': [3008, 3112], 'However,': [3024], 'vicinity': [3036], '7': [3048], 'Ar–Cu': [3050, 3063], 'peak': [3061, 3081], '0.3': [3072], 'case': [3075, 3085, 3091, 3301], 'No': [3079], 'condition': [3094], 'because': [3095, 3527], 'there': [3100], '7Open': [3108], 'translational': [3126, 3146, 3250, 3267], 'Figures': [3138], '8': [3139], '9': [3141], 'Form': [3156], 'figure,': [3158, 3324], 'travelling': [3167], 'high': [3174, 3197], 'velocity.': [3175], 'direction': [3177], 'continuously': [3181], 'changing': [3182], 'much': [3190], 'rate.': [3209], 'phenomenon': [3213], 'Cui': [3218], '[33].': [3221], 'these': [3223], 'effects': [3224, 4423], 'contribute': [3225], '8Open': [3244], '9Open': [3261], 'Surface': [3277], 'contributes': [3281, 3543], '10': [3291], 'atom.': [3299], 'As': [3318], 'highest': [3326], '10Open': [3343], 'Comparison': [3347, 3564], 'Molecular': [3356, 3865, 3895, 3922, 3954, 4150, 4418], 'track': [3360], 'each': [3364], 'level': [3371], 'macroscopic': [3376], 'property.': [3377], 'Mean': [3378], 'squared': [3379, 3458, 3567, 3705], '(MSD)': [3381, 3569], 'explain': [3386], 'MSD': [3396, 3404, 3478, 3495, 3506], 'measures': [3397], 'travels.': [3403], '(9).': [3410], 'S': [3412], 'D': [3413], '(9)where': [3429], 'travels': [3448], 'some': [3450], 'interval': [3452], 't,': [3455], 'magnitude': [3459], 'quantity': [3463], 'averaged': [3465], 'indicated': [3467], 'angle': [3470], 'brackets': [3471], 'intervals.': [3474], '11.': [3494], '4000': [3501], 'slope': [3504], 'slightly': [3515], 'steeper': [3516], 'interatomic': [3530], 'difference': [3535], 'liquid.': [3539], 'findings': [3556, 3639], '[34,': [3557], '35].': [3558], '11Open': [3560], 'CONCLUSION': [3578], 'Effect': [3601], 'calculate': [3623], 'key': [3638], 'summarised': [3644], 'below:': [3645], 'forboth': [3686], 'Change': [3691], 'function,': [3695], 'REFERENCES': [3719], '1Choi,': [3720], 'S.U.,': [3721], 'Eastman,': [3722], 'J.A.:': [3723], 'Enhancing': [3724], 'Conductivity': [3726], 'Fluids': [3728], 'Nanoparticles.': [3730], '(No.': [3731, 3753], 'ANL/MSD/CP-84938;': [3732], 'CONF-951135-29).': [3733], 'Argonne': [3734, 3755], 'National': [3735, 3756], 'Laboratory,': [3736, 3757], 'Illinois': [3737, 3758], '(1995)': [3738, 4288], 'Google': [3739, 4159, 4246, 4257, 4271, 4349], 'Scholar': [3740, 3761, 3785, 3811, 3835, 3860, 3890, 3917, 3949, 3972, 3998, 4024, 4049, 4073, 4103, 4127, 4147, 4160, 4182, 4207, 4232, 4247, 4258, 4272, 4292, 4318, 4337, 4350, 4381, 4413, 4445, 4474, 4505, 4526, 4552], '2Elcock,': [3741], 'D.:': [3742], 'Potential': [3743], 'Impacts': [3744], 'Nanotechnology': [3746], 'Transmission': [3749], 'Applications': [3750], 'Needs.': [3752], 'ANL/EVS/TM/08-3).': [3754], '(2007)': [3759, 3856, 3886], 'CrossrefGoogle': [3760, 3916], '3Saidur,': [3762], 'R.,': [3763, 4209, 4507], 'al.:': [3765, 3815, 3839, 3894, 3921, 3976, 4002, 4028, 4053, 4077, 4107, 4211, 4322, 4385, 4417, 4478, 4509], 'challenges': [3771], 'Renewable': [3774], 'Sustainable': [3775], 'Rev.': [3777, 3852, 3990, 4016, 4174, 4518], '15(3),': [3778], '1646–': [3779], '1668': [3780], '(2011)': [3781, 4069, 4099], 'CrossrefCASWeb': [3782, 3832, 3946, 3969, 3995, 4021, 4070, 4124, 4229, 4289, 4378, 4410, 4471, 4549], 'Science®Google': [3784, 3810, 3834, 3859, 3889, 3948, 3971, 3997, 4023, 4048, 4072, 4102, 4126, 4181, 4231, 4291, 4317, 4336, 4380, 4412, 4444, 4473, 4504, 4525, 4551], '4Zhao,': [3786], 'N.,': [3787], 'Li,': [3788], 'Z.:': [3789], 'Experiment': [3790, 3848], 'artificial': [3792], 'neural': [3793], 'network': [3794], 'prediction': [3795], 'viscosity': [3800, 3821], 'alumina-water': [3802], 'Materials': [3804], '10(5),': [3805], '552': [3806], '(2017)': [3807, 4045], 'CrossrefWeb': [3808, 3887, 4046, 4315, 4442, 4502], '5Murshed,': [3812], 'S.M.S.,': [3813], 'Investigations': [3816], 'Int.': [3824], 'J.': [3825, 3881, 3909, 4038, 4117, 4222, 4371, 4464], 'Therm.': [3826, 4039, 4404, 4496], 'Sci.': [3827, 4284, 4310], '47(5),': [3828], '560–': [3829], '568': [3830], '(2008)': [3831], '6Timofeeva,': [3836], 'E.V.,': [3837], 'alumina': [3846], 'nanofluids:': [3847, 3981, 4366], 'theory.': [3850], 'Phys.': [3851, 3883, 3964, 4173, 4196, 4224, 4517, 4543], '76(6),': [3854], '061203': [3855], 'CrossrefCASPubMedWeb': [3857, 4100, 4179, 4523], '7Sarkar,': [3861], 'S.,': [3862, 4000], 'Selvam,': [3863], 'R.P.:': [3864], 'transport': [3877, 3904], 'Appl.': [3882, 3941, 4093, 4403, 4437, 4542], '102(7),': [3884], '074302': [3885], '8Kang,': [3891], 'H.,': [3892, 4447], 'aggregation': [3902], 'Nanotechnol.': [3910], 'Eng.': [3911, 4311, 4405, 4497], 'Med.': [3912], '3(2),': [3913], '021001': [3914], '(2012)': [3915], '9Lee,': [3918], 'S.L.,': [3919, 4415], 'dynamic': [3923, 4419], 'states.': [3935], 'Numer.': [3936, 4432], 'Heat': [3937, 4433], 'Transfer,': [3938, 4434], 'Part': [3939, 4435], 'A:': [3940, 4436], '68(4),': [3942], '432–': [3943], '453': [3944], '(2015)': [3945, 3994, 4501], '10Topal,': [3950], 'I.,': [3951], 'Servantie,': [3952], 'J.:': [3953], 'Chem.': [3963, 4119, 4223], '516,': [3965], '147–': [3966], '151': [3967], '(2019)': [3968], '11Sarkar,': [3973], 'J.,': [3974, 4162], 'recent': [3982], 'research,': [3983], 'development': [3984], 'applications.': [3986], 'Renew.': [3987, 4013], 'Sustain.': [3988, 4014], '43,': [3991], '164–': [3992], '177': [3993], '12Akilu,': [3999], 'thermophysical': [4006], 'composite': [4011], '66,': [4017], '654–': [4018], '678': [4019], '(2016)': [4020, 4409, 4441], 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