Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3122371004', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'title': 'Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions', 'display_name': 'Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-09-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3122371004', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'mag': '3122371004', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28163623'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4317411217', 'display_name': 'Deleted Journal', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073089211', 'display_name': 'Benoît Famaey', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-9825'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802106081', 'display_name': 'Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xsj2p07', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I2802106081', 'https://openalex.org/I4210148025', 'https://openalex.org/I68947357']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Benoît Famaey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, Paris, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, Paris, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802106081']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018899047', 'display_name': 'Stacy McGaugh', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-0980'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stacy S. McGaugh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5073089211'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802106081'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.221, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 332, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.979798, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10095', 'display_name': 'Cosmological Parameters and Dark Energy', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10095', 'display_name': 'Cosmological Parameters and Dark Energy', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10026', 'display_name': 'Galaxy Formation and Evolution in the Universe', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10818', 'display_name': 'High-Energy Astrophysics and Particle Acceleration Studies', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-newtonian-dynamics', 'display_name': 'Modified Newtonian dynamics', 'score': 0.9604286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/newtonian-dynamics', 'display_name': 'Newtonian dynamics', 'score': 0.76992697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmology', 'display_name': 'Cosmology', 'score': 0.494239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmological-constant', 'display_name': 'Cosmological constant', 'score': 0.43435445}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174832881', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503556', 'display_name': 'Modified Newtonian dynamics', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9604286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.88626045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159249277', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925', 'display_name': 'Dark matter', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7707389}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167808689', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15994658', 'display_name': 'Newtonian dynamics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.76992697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84269361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179235', 'display_name': 'Phenomenology (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69855404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.58348453}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52197945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.465957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26405456', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338', 'display_name': 'Cosmology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44313064}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166861157', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59151', 'display_name': 'Cosmological constant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43435445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C172790937', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343', 'display_name': 'Dark energy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43288028}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74650414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397', 'display_name': 'Classical mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3885845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206564472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475614', 'display_name': 'Galaxy rotation curve', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.26194167}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174802034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140', 'display_name': 'Galaxy formation and evolution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2592163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15293029}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 15, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4317411217', 'display_name': 'Deleted Journal', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02927744', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-02927744/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.3960', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.3960', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/80b2441a7e6b4f318badc09861090ff7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-02927744', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5255531', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5255531?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5255531', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-02927744/file/islandora_83582.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-02927744/file/islandora_83582.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://link.springer.com/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.12942/lrr-2012-10.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402449', 'display_name': 'univOAK (4 institutions : Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, INSA Strasbourg, Bibliothèque Nationale et Universitaire de Strasbourg)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210100283', 'host_organization_name': "Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie", 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210100283'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ["Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie"], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02927744/file/islandora_83582.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02927744/file/islandora_83582.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://univoak.eu/islandora/object/islandora%3A83582', 'pdf_url': 'https://univoak.eu/islandora/object/islandora%3A83582/datastream/PDF/view', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402449', 'display_name': 'univOAK (4 institutions : Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, INSA Strasbourg, Bibliothèque Nationale et Universitaire de Strasbourg)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210100283', 'host_organization_name': "Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie", 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210100283'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ["Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie"], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02927744/document', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02927744/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': None, 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.3960.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28163623', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1112.3960', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4317411217', 'display_name': 'Deleted Journal', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.46, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2161525754', 'https://openalex.org/W3122371004'], 'referenced_works_count': 466, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1505061810', 'https://openalex.org/W1511199250', 'https://openalex.org/W1545762935', 'https://openalex.org/W1555909207', 'https://openalex.org/W1556793121', 'https://openalex.org/W1560239994', 'https://openalex.org/W1561497382', 'https://openalex.org/W1562381706', 'https://openalex.org/W1567483610', 'https://openalex.org/W1570269320', 'https://openalex.org/W1576003290', 'https://openalex.org/W1578320494', 'https://openalex.org/W1631788275', 'https://openalex.org/W1758435760', 'https://openalex.org/W1762216364', 'https://openalex.org/W1769121941', 'https://openalex.org/W1798251667', 'https://openalex.org/W1804079400', 'https://openalex.org/W1804556316', 'https://openalex.org/W1837023068', 'https://openalex.org/W1848023164', 'https://openalex.org/W1853767801', 'https://openalex.org/W1856433076', 'https://openalex.org/W1860630099', 'https://openalex.org/W1876552217', 'https://openalex.org/W1883176634', 'https://openalex.org/W1888580634', 'https://openalex.org/W1892675072', 'https://openalex.org/W1895226013', 'https://openalex.org/W1901218055', 'https://openalex.org/W1910721729', 'https://openalex.org/W1919304200', 'https://openalex.org/W1926594653', 'https://openalex.org/W1927512000', 'https://openalex.org/W1932016673', 'https://openalex.org/W1937406202', 'https://openalex.org/W1940474904', 'https://openalex.org/W1963667692', 'https://openalex.org/W1965700802', 'https://openalex.org/W1966379544', 'https://openalex.org/W1967008963', 'https://openalex.org/W1967311303', 'https://openalex.org/W1967883518', 'https://openalex.org/W1969096256', 'https://openalex.org/W1969272838', 'https://openalex.org/W1969374363', 'https://openalex.org/W1969402162', 'https://openalex.org/W1969486966', 'https://openalex.org/W1969586490', 'https://openalex.org/W1969771511', 'https://openalex.org/W1970260459', 'https://openalex.org/W1970513253', 'https://openalex.org/W1970601257', 'https://openalex.org/W1971056876', 'https://openalex.org/W1972008146', 'https://openalex.org/W1972361697', 'https://openalex.org/W1972799174', 'https://openalex.org/W1973240083', 'https://openalex.org/W1973467129', 'https://openalex.org/W1973992880', 'https://openalex.org/W1974155387', 'https://openalex.org/W1974490736', 'https://openalex.org/W1974511674', 'https://openalex.org/W1975081997', 'https://openalex.org/W1975909368', 'https://openalex.org/W1976057290', 'https://openalex.org/W1976183223', 'https://openalex.org/W1976855200', 'https://openalex.org/W1977087173', 'https://openalex.org/W1978148011', 'https://openalex.org/W1978796662', 'https://openalex.org/W1980334213', 'https://openalex.org/W1982447609', 'https://openalex.org/W1983018059', 'https://openalex.org/W1983145847', 'https://openalex.org/W1984200747', 'https://openalex.org/W1984344958', 'https://openalex.org/W1986010423', 'https://openalex.org/W1986244043', 'https://openalex.org/W1987616322', 'https://openalex.org/W1987745458', 'https://openalex.org/W1990148897', 'https://openalex.org/W1990590690', 'https://openalex.org/W1990600098', 'https://openalex.org/W1990818843', 'https://openalex.org/W1991187589', 'https://openalex.org/W1991758900', 'https://openalex.org/W1991799549', 'https://openalex.org/W1992050494', 'https://openalex.org/W1992352897', 'https://openalex.org/W1992564643', 'https://openalex.org/W1992712008', 'https://openalex.org/W1993476010', 'https://openalex.org/W1993507535', 'https://openalex.org/W1994447411', 'https://openalex.org/W1994458213', 'https://openalex.org/W1995433785', 'https://openalex.org/W1995797988', 'https://openalex.org/W1995831986', 'https://openalex.org/W1995899129', 'https://openalex.org/W1996222775', 'https://openalex.org/W1996501054', 'https://openalex.org/W1996944923', 'https://openalex.org/W1997078909', 'https://openalex.org/W1997876038', 'https://openalex.org/W1998489190', 'https://openalex.org/W1999051823', 'https://openalex.org/W1999149150', 'https://openalex.org/W1999318567', 'https://openalex.org/W1999353740', 'https://openalex.org/W1999801908', 'https://openalex.org/W2000111511', 'https://openalex.org/W2000271864', 'https://openalex.org/W2000717994', 'https://openalex.org/W2002335676', 'https://openalex.org/W2002588574', 'https://openalex.org/W2002592779', 'https://openalex.org/W2003447135', 'https://openalex.org/W2003926479', 'https://openalex.org/W2004053758', 'https://openalex.org/W2004188331', 'https://openalex.org/W2005109952', 'https://openalex.org/W2006485771', 'https://openalex.org/W2006932101', 'https://openalex.org/W2007788374', 'https://openalex.org/W2008124321', 'https://openalex.org/W2008629230', 'https://openalex.org/W2009291790', 'https://openalex.org/W2010581546', 'https://openalex.org/W2010692113', 'https://openalex.org/W2010773922', 'https://openalex.org/W2012509593', 'https://openalex.org/W2013488309', 'https://openalex.org/W2013608264', 'https://openalex.org/W2013845019', 'https://openalex.org/W2013980909', 'https://openalex.org/W2014218592', 'https://openalex.org/W2014592430', 'https://openalex.org/W2014653778', 'https://openalex.org/W2015409743', 'https://openalex.org/W2016243304', 'https://openalex.org/W2016469016', 'https://openalex.org/W2016891693', 'https://openalex.org/W2017758906', 'https://openalex.org/W2018017660', 'https://openalex.org/W2019481614', 'https://openalex.org/W2019580674', 'https://openalex.org/W2019613249', 'https://openalex.org/W2019947405', 'https://openalex.org/W2021118616', 'https://openalex.org/W2023379071', 'https://openalex.org/W2023518980', 'https://openalex.org/W2023631799', 'https://openalex.org/W2024430835', 'https://openalex.org/W2024728647', 'https://openalex.org/W2025676809', 'https://openalex.org/W2025928477', 'https://openalex.org/W2027441044', 'https://openalex.org/W2027515487', 'https://openalex.org/W2028077189', 'https://openalex.org/W2029083557', 'https://openalex.org/W2029540172', 'https://openalex.org/W2029951163', 'https://openalex.org/W2030326695', 'https://openalex.org/W2030502145', 'https://openalex.org/W2033314583', 'https://openalex.org/W2033543877', 'https://openalex.org/W2033599776', 'https://openalex.org/W2033798500', 'https://openalex.org/W2034077004', 'https://openalex.org/W2035603148', 'https://openalex.org/W2038402243', 'https://openalex.org/W2039526890', 'https://openalex.org/W2040408012', 'https://openalex.org/W2041879100', 'https://openalex.org/W2042453081', 'https://openalex.org/W2042784745', 'https://openalex.org/W2043302538', 'https://openalex.org/W2043869369', 'https://openalex.org/W2044145188', 'https://openalex.org/W2044465946', 'https://openalex.org/W2045124677', 'https://openalex.org/W2045641443', 'https://openalex.org/W2045813937', 'https://openalex.org/W2046898177', 'https://openalex.org/W2048248704', 'https://openalex.org/W2049521870', 'https://openalex.org/W2050977129', 'https://openalex.org/W2051740863', 'https://openalex.org/W2051961378', 'https://openalex.org/W2053910606', 'https://openalex.org/W2054385936', 'https://openalex.org/W2054781845', 'https://openalex.org/W2055228927', 'https://openalex.org/W2056283858', 'https://openalex.org/W2056305778', 'https://openalex.org/W2057015950', 'https://openalex.org/W2057457426', 'https://openalex.org/W2058188347', 'https://openalex.org/W2060003036', 'https://openalex.org/W2060484156', 'https://openalex.org/W2063705568', 'https://openalex.org/W2063939442', 'https://openalex.org/W2064639182', 'https://openalex.org/W2064766228', 'https://openalex.org/W2064952107', 'https://openalex.org/W2065026606', 'https://openalex.org/W2065284937', 'https://openalex.org/W2065630159', 'https://openalex.org/W2065698402', 'https://openalex.org/W2068823500', 'https://openalex.org/W2069066731', 'https://openalex.org/W2069164871', 'https://openalex.org/W2070920185', 'https://openalex.org/W2071583418', 'https://openalex.org/W2071699372', 'https://openalex.org/W2071830198', 'https://openalex.org/W2072377861', 'https://openalex.org/W2072860664', 'https://openalex.org/W2073757354', 'https://openalex.org/W2073832139', 'https://openalex.org/W2074065279', 'https://openalex.org/W2074194121', 'https://openalex.org/W2074538121', 'https://openalex.org/W2075158066', 'https://openalex.org/W2075746522', 'https://openalex.org/W2076978392', 'https://openalex.org/W2077501833', 'https://openalex.org/W2078353411', 'https://openalex.org/W2079919243', 'https://openalex.org/W2080439624', 'https://openalex.org/W2080907069', 'https://openalex.org/W2081326216', 'https://openalex.org/W2081526990', 'https://openalex.org/W2081548476', 'https://openalex.org/W2082361697', 'https://openalex.org/W2084591734', 'https://openalex.org/W2084655632', 'https://openalex.org/W2085874728', 'https://openalex.org/W2085907729', 'https://openalex.org/W2087464869', 'https://openalex.org/W2087525524', 'https://openalex.org/W2089506533', 'https://openalex.org/W2090604032', 'https://openalex.org/W2091404391', 'https://openalex.org/W2091959050', 'https://openalex.org/W2093117202', 'https://openalex.org/W2093584451', 'https://openalex.org/W2093857712', 'https://openalex.org/W2093975606', 'https://openalex.org/W2095694882', 'https://openalex.org/W2095718093', 'https://openalex.org/W2095743819', 'https://openalex.org/W2095759197', 'https://openalex.org/W2097904783', 'https://openalex.org/W2098581578', 'https://openalex.org/W2099533443', 'https://openalex.org/W2099822905', 'https://openalex.org/W2100367618', 'https://openalex.org/W2100833883', 'https://openalex.org/W2102197207', 'https://openalex.org/W2102364763', 'https://openalex.org/W2102468123', 'https://openalex.org/W2102639000', 'https://openalex.org/W2104366838', 'https://openalex.org/W2106859910', 'https://openalex.org/W2107082908', 'https://openalex.org/W2107359619', 'https://openalex.org/W2107783678', 'https://openalex.org/W2107842541', 'https://openalex.org/W2107951197', 'https://openalex.org/W2108041495', 'https://openalex.org/W2108195504', 'https://openalex.org/W2108321512', 'https://openalex.org/W2110017994', 'https://openalex.org/W2110051583', 'https://openalex.org/W2110745855', 'https://openalex.org/W2111091765', 'https://openalex.org/W2111396801', 'https://openalex.org/W2111531788', 'https://openalex.org/W2111678061', 'https://openalex.org/W2112545569', 'https://openalex.org/W2113770976', 'https://openalex.org/W2115399036', 'https://openalex.org/W2117849283', 'https://openalex.org/W2118148695', 'https://openalex.org/W2118239294', 'https://openalex.org/W2119773870', 'https://openalex.org/W2119819106', 'https://openalex.org/W2120028659', 'https://openalex.org/W2120830691', 'https://openalex.org/W2121287867', 'https://openalex.org/W2121439158', 'https://openalex.org/W2122393231', 'https://openalex.org/W2122644340', 'https://openalex.org/W2124596807', 'https://openalex.org/W2125059763', 'https://openalex.org/W2126103176', 'https://openalex.org/W2126765729', 'https://openalex.org/W2126794554', 'https://openalex.org/W2126813098', 'https://openalex.org/W2127728002', 'https://openalex.org/W2128184231', 'https://openalex.org/W2128443766', 'https://openalex.org/W2130935951', 'https://openalex.org/W2131279590', 'https://openalex.org/W2131663654', 'https://openalex.org/W2131769716', 'https://openalex.org/W2131785502', 'https://openalex.org/W2132669853', 'https://openalex.org/W2132683063', 'https://openalex.org/W2133436825', 'https://openalex.org/W2133759190', 'https://openalex.org/W2133810860', 'https://openalex.org/W2136292895', 'https://openalex.org/W2136336431', 'https://openalex.org/W2136688777', 'https://openalex.org/W2137659958', 'https://openalex.org/W2137944719', 'https://openalex.org/W2138029281', 'https://openalex.org/W2138118247', 'https://openalex.org/W2138452826', 'https://openalex.org/W2138476766', 'https://openalex.org/W2138782725', 'https://openalex.org/W2139900404', 'https://openalex.org/W2140210048', 'https://openalex.org/W2140466930', 'https://openalex.org/W2141453531', 'https://openalex.org/W2141520494', 'https://openalex.org/W2141700547', 'https://openalex.org/W2141730483', 'https://openalex.org/W2141867350', 'https://openalex.org/W2143412282', 'https://openalex.org/W2143513913', 'https://openalex.org/W2143701114', 'https://openalex.org/W2143979405', 'https://openalex.org/W2144639444', 'https://openalex.org/W2145577844', 'https://openalex.org/W2145694758', 'https://openalex.org/W2147875900', 'https://openalex.org/W2148037856', 'https://openalex.org/W2148047300', 'https://openalex.org/W2149441316', 'https://openalex.org/W2149749686', 'https://openalex.org/W2151576884', 'https://openalex.org/W2151825940', 'https://openalex.org/W2152206123', 'https://openalex.org/W2152352206', 'https://openalex.org/W2152577466', 'https://openalex.org/W2153172932', 'https://openalex.org/W2153213347', 'https://openalex.org/W2153745202', 'https://openalex.org/W2154142041', 'https://openalex.org/W2154716230', 'https://openalex.org/W2154858141', 'https://openalex.org/W2154952261', 'https://openalex.org/W2155688845', 'https://openalex.org/W2156652163', 'https://openalex.org/W2158117921', 'https://openalex.org/W2158973117', 'https://openalex.org/W2160349042', 'https://openalex.org/W2160361318', 'https://openalex.org/W2160498335', 'https://openalex.org/W2162298857', 'https://openalex.org/W2162389616', 'https://openalex.org/W2162447676', 'https://openalex.org/W2162615750', 'https://openalex.org/W2162767856', 'https://openalex.org/W2162957442', 'https://openalex.org/W2162982196', 'https://openalex.org/W2164145425', 'https://openalex.org/W2164261957', 'https://openalex.org/W2164353971', 'https://openalex.org/W2164649600', 'https://openalex.org/W2166621805', 'https://openalex.org/W2168028172', 'https://openalex.org/W2168420728', 'https://openalex.org/W2168504939', 'https://openalex.org/W2168699619', 'https://openalex.org/W2168774379', 'https://openalex.org/W2169730559', 'https://openalex.org/W2169731821', 'https://openalex.org/W2169940751', 'https://openalex.org/W2170031131', 'https://openalex.org/W2171023349', 'https://openalex.org/W2172002197', 'https://openalex.org/W2172156204', 'https://openalex.org/W2175557874', 'https://openalex.org/W2498151673', 'https://openalex.org/W2596704680', 'https://openalex.org/W2616274938', 'https://openalex.org/W2890997885', 'https://openalex.org/W2917390809', 'https://openalex.org/W2940714348', 'https://openalex.org/W2951028576', 'https://openalex.org/W2952106860', 'https://openalex.org/W2989273194', 'https://openalex.org/W3015485330', 'https://openalex.org/W3037516327', 'https://openalex.org/W3098020146', 'https://openalex.org/W3098323988', 'https://openalex.org/W3098485888', 'https://openalex.org/W3098499193', 'https://openalex.org/W3098527141', 'https://openalex.org/W3098655959', 'https://openalex.org/W3099270805', 'https://openalex.org/W3099453172', 'https://openalex.org/W3099644410', 'https://openalex.org/W3099788106', 'https://openalex.org/W3100085838', 'https://openalex.org/W3100477394', 'https://openalex.org/W3100787774', 'https://openalex.org/W3100802507', 'https://openalex.org/W3101001295', 'https://openalex.org/W3101090536', 'https://openalex.org/W3101684536', 'https://openalex.org/W3102103965', 'https://openalex.org/W3102663932', 'https://openalex.org/W3102731510', 'https://openalex.org/W3102763870', 'https://openalex.org/W3103119652', 'https://openalex.org/W3103167879', 'https://openalex.org/W3103374809', 'https://openalex.org/W3103632526', 'https://openalex.org/W3103638907', 'https://openalex.org/W3103879269', 'https://openalex.org/W3103924858', 'https://openalex.org/W3103935159', 'https://openalex.org/W3104025291', 'https://openalex.org/W3104295891', 'https://openalex.org/W3105136249', 'https://openalex.org/W3105141471', 'https://openalex.org/W3105687939', 'https://openalex.org/W3105690588', 'https://openalex.org/W3105964599', 'https://openalex.org/W3105980128', 'https://openalex.org/W3106024312', 'https://openalex.org/W3106347119', 'https://openalex.org/W3106519310', 'https://openalex.org/W3121369475', 'https://openalex.org/W3122061071', 'https://openalex.org/W3122261300', 'https://openalex.org/W3122321355', 'https://openalex.org/W3122510228', 'https://openalex.org/W3123439884', 'https://openalex.org/W3123739635', 'https://openalex.org/W3123882180', 'https://openalex.org/W3124940232', 'https://openalex.org/W3124959342', 'https://openalex.org/W3125380094', 'https://openalex.org/W3125599781', 'https://openalex.org/W3125787119', 'https://openalex.org/W3127702745', 'https://openalex.org/W3151941575', 'https://openalex.org/W3172134048', 'https://openalex.org/W4213372451', 'https://openalex.org/W4243392310', 'https://openalex.org/W4250636715', 'https://openalex.org/W4254885379', 'https://openalex.org/W4255878173', 'https://openalex.org/W4289981561', 'https://openalex.org/W4290694345', 'https://openalex.org/W4297432658', 'https://openalex.org/W4298296175', 'https://openalex.org/W4300602869', 'https://openalex.org/W95668963'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4300071210', 'https://openalex.org/W3114815964', 'https://openalex.org/W3103298417', 'https://openalex.org/W3098246145', 'https://openalex.org/W2963771159', 'https://openalex.org/W2511692721', 'https://openalex.org/W2157844768', 'https://openalex.org/W2101767781', 'https://openalex.org/W2089989290', 'https://openalex.org/W1752929421'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'wealth': [1], 'of': [2, 8, 20, 22, 45, 63, 66, 88, 99, 109, 139, 142, 161, 171, 187, 212, 219], 'astronomical': [3], 'data': [4, 59], 'indicate': [5, 60], 'the': [6, 12, 31, 58, 69, 84, 137, 140, 143, 159, 181, 197], 'presence': [7], 'mass': [9, 32, 47, 89], 'discrepancies': [10, 90], 'in': [11, 17, 34, 48, 91, 146], 'Universe.': [13], 'The': [14], 'motions': [15], 'observed': [16], 'a': [18, 42, 61, 79, 129, 162, 169, 216], 'variety': [19], 'classes': [21], 'extragalactic': [23], 'systems': [24], 'exceed': [25], 'what': [26], 'can': [27, 151], 'be': [28, 156], 'explained': [29], 'by': [30, 115], 'visible': [33], 'stars': [35], 'and': [36, 97, 185, 195, 204], 'gas.': [37], 'Either': [38], '(i)': [39], 'there': [40], 'is': [41], 'vast': [43], 'amount': [44], 'unseen': [46], 'some': [49], 'novel': [50], 'form': [51], '-': [52, 55, 119, 122], 'dark': [53, 85], 'matter': [54, 86], 'or': [56, 72], '(ii)': [57], 'breakdown': [62], 'our': [64], 'understanding': [65], 'dynamics': [67, 173, 214], 'on': [68, 95, 136, 175], 'relevant': [70], 'scales,': [71, 194], '(iii)': [73], 'both.': [74], 'Here,': [75], 'we': [76], 'first': [77], 'review': [78, 180], 'few': [80], 'outstanding': [81], 'challenges': [82], 'for': [83], 'interpretation': [87], 'galaxies,': [92], 'purely': [93], 'based': [94], 'observations': [96, 112], 'independently': [98], 'any': [100], 'alternative': [101, 189], 'theoretical': [102, 199], 'framework.': [103], 'We': [104, 178], 'then': [105], 'show': [106], 'that': [107], 'many': [108], 'these': [110], 'puzzling': [111], 'are': [113], 'predicted': [114], 'one': [116], 'single': [117, 163], 'relation': [118, 150], "Milgrom's": [120], 'law': [121, 166], 'involving': [123], 'an': [124], 'acceleration': [125], 'constant': [126, 145], 'a0': [127], '(or': [128], 'characteristic': [130], 'surface': [131], 'density': [132], 'Σ†': [133], '=': [134], 'a0/G)': [135], 'order': [138], 'square-root': [141], 'cosmological': [144], 'natural': [147], 'units.': [148], 'This': [149], 'at': [152, 191], 'present': [153], 'most': [154], 'easily': [155], 'interpreted': [157], 'as': [158], 'effect': [160], 'universal': [164], 'force': [165], 'resulting': [167], 'from': [168], 'modification': [170, 211], 'Newtonian': [172, 213], '(MOND)': [174], 'galactic': [176], 'scales.': [177], 'exhaustively': [179], 'current': [182], 'observational': [183], 'successes': [184], 'problems': [186], 'this': [188, 210], 'paradigm': [190], 'all': [192], 'astrophysical': [193], 'summarize': [196], 'various': [198], 'attempts': [200], '(TeVeS,': [201], 'GEA,': [202], 'BIMOND,': [203], 'others)': [205], 'made': [206], 'to': [207], 'effectively': [208], 'embed': [209], 'within': [215], 'relativistic': [217], 'theory': [218], 'gravity.': [220]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122371004', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 39}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T21:45:02.704909', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}