Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3122142281', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808576.00018', 'title': 'International humanitarian law and human rights law', 'display_name': 'International humanitarian law and human rights law', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-07-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3122142281', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808576.00018', 'mag': '3122142281'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808576.00018', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463223', 'display_name': 'Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320353', 'host_organization_name': 'Edward Elgar Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320353'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Edward Elgar Publishing'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108495264', 'display_name': 'Matthew Happold', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew Happold', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5108495264'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 10.758, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 9, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.984853, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 85}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10749', 'display_name': 'International Law and Human Rights', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10749', 'display_name': 'International Law and Human Rights', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12752', 'display_name': 'Global Peace and Security Dynamics', 'score': 0.9806, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13938', 'display_name': 'Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics', 'score': 0.9686, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/belligerent', 'display_name': 'Belligerent', 'score': 0.56865656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/redress', 'display_name': 'Redress', 'score': 0.5430604}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169437150', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458', 'display_name': 'Human rights', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.82085145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778573023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381148', 'display_name': 'International humanitarian law', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7161728}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.68684304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.67606795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86615163', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615', 'display_name': 'International human rights law', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6406106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55447825', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526', 'display_name': 'International law', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61762613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779112814', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2363432', 'display_name': 'Belligerent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56865656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185436325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526', 'display_name': 'Public international law', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5511078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776515129', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218', 'display_name': 'Redress', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5430604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8705443', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8009938', 'display_name': 'Municipal law', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53492975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06411788}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808576.00018', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463223', 'display_name': 'Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320353', 'host_organization_name': 'Edward Elgar Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320353'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Edward Elgar Publishing'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.79, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390483451', 'https://openalex.org/W4389239153', 'https://openalex.org/W4386335388', 'https://openalex.org/W4313444483', 'https://openalex.org/W4214526007', 'https://openalex.org/W3157272638', 'https://openalex.org/W2980472465', 'https://openalex.org/W2969894320', 'https://openalex.org/W2047739862', 'https://openalex.org/W2004951329'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 382], 'nature': [1], 'of': [2, 48, 93, 139, 170, 201, 212, 219, 227, 243, 247, 288, 400, 409, 430, 448, 486, 502, 525, 535, 541], 'the': [3, 137, 164, 167, 198, 225, 228, 241, 244, 275, 285, 336, 407, 427, 474, 477, 483, 516, 533], 'relationship': [4, 165, 229], 'between': [5, 166, 230, 240, 342, 426], 'international': [6, 10, 37, 56, 65, 94, 140, 151, 216, 231, 271, 343, 451, 536], 'humanitarian': [7, 95, 152, 232, 272, 344, 449, 452, 537, 542], 'law': [8, 13, 143, 202, 233, 248, 273, 289, 345, 543], 'and': [9, 24, 38, 41, 58, 120, 181, 234, 292, 334, 346, 377, 405, 415, 554], 'human': [11, 21, 30, 66, 79, 98, 141, 235, 347, 457, 506, 512, 520], 'rights': [12, 22, 31, 67, 80, 99, 142, 236, 348, 458, 466, 507, 513, 521], 'remains': [14, 178, 190, 434], 'a': [15, 179, 302, 314, 331, 379, 398, 446], 'vexed': [16], 'one.': [17], 'In': [18, 184, 279, 305], 'recent': [19], 'years,': [20], 'lawyers': [23, 549], 'activists': [25], 'have': [26, 51, 101, 132, 159, 221, 311], 'sought': [27], 'to': [28, 33, 59, 63, 77, 115, 135, 162, 175, 261, 282, 296, 312, 322, 329, 365, 368, 444, 456, 494, 529, 546, 560, 562], 'apply': [29, 64], 'norms': [32, 100], 'military': [34], 'conduct': [35, 116, 262], 'in': [36, 195, 215, 224, 264, 307, 357, 397, 432, 454, 476, 500, 523], 'internal': [39], 'conflicts,': [40, 370], 'during': [42], 'belligerent': [43, 416], 'occupations.': [44], 'With': [45], 'varying': [46], 'degrees': [47], 'success,': [49], 'complainants': [50], 'brought': [52], 'their': [53, 173, 358, 498, 539, 573], 'cases': [54, 309], 'before': [55, 505], 'tribunals,': [57], 'national': [60], 'courts': [61], 'able': [62], 'standards.': [68], 'This': [69, 154], 'development': [70], 'has': [71], 'occurred': [72], 'largely': [73], 'because': [74], 'forums': [75], 'exist': [76], 'hear': [78], 'claims,': [81], 'whereas': [82], 'they': [83, 256, 320, 372, 570], 'do': [84, 257, 297], 'not': [85, 250, 258, 350, 422, 461], 'for': [86, 91, 126], 'persons': [87], 'claiming': [88], 'individual': [89, 465], 'redress': [90], 'violations': [92], 'law.': [96, 153, 171, 237], 'However,': [97, 172], 'also': [102], 'been': [103], 'seen': [104, 147], 'as': [105, 108, 148, 255, 316, 352, 572], 'more': [106, 276, 299], 'restrictive:': [107], 'placing': [109], 'greater': [110], 'constraints': [111], 'on': [112, 378, 463], "States'": [113], 'freedom': [114], 'hostilities,': [117], 'preventively': [118], 'detain,': [119], 'administer': [121], 'occupied': [122], 'territories.': [123], 'It': [124, 267, 468], 'is': [125, 268, 274, 295, 327, 460, 469], 'this': [127, 470], 'reason': [128], 'that': [129, 157, 270, 284, 491, 518], 'some': [130], 'States': [131, 260, 310, 401], 'resisted': [133], 'attempts': [134], 'extend': [136], 'reach': [138], 'into': [144, 568], 'areas': [145], 'traditionally': [146], 'governed': [149], 'by': [150], 'chapter': [155], 'argues': [156], 'principles': [158], 'now': [160], 'developed': [161], 'govern': [163], 'two': [168, 199, 245, 286, 428, 484], 'bodies': [169, 200, 246, 287, 429, 485, 514], 'application': [174, 223], 'different': [176, 265], 'situations': [177, 196, 501, 524], 'work-in-progress': [180], 'controversies': [182], 'remain.': [183, 395], 'particular,': [185, 433], 'despite': [186], 'valient': [187], 'efforts,': [188], 'it': [189], 'unclear': [191], 'what': [192, 193, 569], 'happens': [194], 'where': [197], 'cannot': [203, 386], 'be': [204, 330, 363, 375, 419, 530, 563], 'read': [205], 'together?': [206], 'There': [207, 338], 'are': [208, 249, 290, 339, 442, 528, 544, 558], 'only': [209, 351, 374], 'few': [210], 'rules': [211, 242, 319, 355, 411], 'norm-conflict': [213], 'resolution': [214], 'law,': [217, 349, 453, 459, 487, 538], 'all': [218], 'which': [220, 318, 326, 441, 488], 'limited': [222], 'context': [226], 'Most': [238], 'inconsistencies': [239], 'true': [251], 'conflicts': [252, 393], 'at': [253], 'all,': [254], 'require': [259], 'themselves': [263], 'ways.': [266], 'simply': [269], 'permissive': [277], 'system.': [278], 'such': [280, 308, 566], 'situations,': [281], 'argue': [283], '‘complementary': [291], 'mutually': [293], 'reinforcing’': [294], 'little': [298], 'than': [300], 'issue': [301], 'policy': [303], 'prescription.': [304], 'reality,': [306], 'make': [313], 'choice': [315, 325], 'regards': [317, 353], 'wish': [321], 'comply': [323], '(a': [324], 'likely': [328, 545, 559], 'political': [332], 'one)': [333], 'take': [335, 515], 'consequences.': [337], 'fundamental': [340], 'incompatibilities': [341], 'discrete': [354], 'but': [356, 371], 'theoretical': [359], 'bases.': [360], 'Attempts': [361], 'can': [362, 373], 'made': [364], 'reconcile': [366], 'them,': [367], 'avoid': [369], 'provisional': [376], 'case-by-case': [380], 'basis.': [381], 'legal': [383], 'tools': [384], 'available': [385], 'always': [387], 'provide': [388], 'an': [389, 464], 'answer.': [390], 'Absent': [391], 'legislation,': [392], 'will': [394, 418, 489], 'And': [396, 509], 'world': [399], 'with': [402, 565], 'differing': [403], 'interests': [404], 'values,': [406], 'adoption': [408], 'new': [410], 'governing': [412], 'armed': [413, 503, 526, 555], 'conflict': [414, 504, 527], 'occupation': [417], 'difficult,': [420], 'if': [421, 511], 'impossible.': [423], 'One': [424], 'difference': [425], 'rules,': [431], 'fundamental.': [435], 'Despite': [436], 'developments': [437], 'over': [438], 'past': [439], 'decades': [440], 'said': [443], 'indicate': [445], '‘humanization': [447], 'law’,': [450], 'contrast': [455], 'based': [462], 'paradigm.': [467], 'difference,': [471], 'even': [472, 510], 'excluding': [473], 'differences': [475], 'substantive': [478], 'protections': [479], 'accorded': [480], 'individuals': [481, 492], 'under': [482], 'ensure': [490], 'continue': [493, 561], 'bring': [495], 'complaints': [496], 'regarding': [497], 'treatment': [499], 'bodies.': [508], 'view': [517], 'States’': [519, 551], 'obligations': [522], 'interpreted': [531], 'using': [532], 'yardstick': [534], 'interpretations': [540], 'differ': [547], 'from': [548], 'advising': [550], 'defence': [552], 'ministries': [553], 'forces,': [556], 'who': [557], 'unhappy': [564], 'trespasses': [567], 'see': [571], 'chasse': [574], 'gardee.': [575]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122142281', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T04:06:49.756806', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}