Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3109489678', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.5.031027', 'title': 'Is the Composite Fermion a Dirac Particle?', 'display_name': 'Is the Composite Fermion a Dirac Particle?', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-09-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3109489678', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.5.031027', 'mag': '3109489678'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.5.031027', 'pdf_url': 'http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031027', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137042341', 'display_name': 'Physical Review X', 'issn_l': '2160-3308', 'issn': ['2160-3308'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320261', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320261'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031027', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010115434', 'display_name': 'D. Son', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-4777'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Dam Thanh Son', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5010115434'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4200, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4200, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 4200, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4200, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 24.971, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 469, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999951, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '5', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10657', 'display_name': 'Topological Materials and Phenomena', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10657', 'display_name': 'Topological Materials and Phenomena', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10382', 'display_name': 'Quantum and electron transport phenomena', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12762', 'display_name': 'Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena', 'score': 0.9947, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3104', 'display_name': 'Condensed Matter Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/particle', 'display_name': 'Particle (ecology)', 'score': 0.50822043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/helical-dirac-fermion', 'display_name': 'Helical Dirac fermion', 'score': 0.47602397}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5656102}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79955541', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348371', 'display_name': 'Dirac fermion', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51165205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778517922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482', 'display_name': 'Particle (ecology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50822043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84076635', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5704918', 'display_name': 'Helical Dirac fermion', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.47602397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52233224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363', 'display_name': 'Fermion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47002673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104779481', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707', 'display_name': 'Composite number', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46521783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61039578', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604279', 'display_name': 'Dirac (video compression format)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4347043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3340529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50575695', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227393', 'display_name': 'Dirac sea', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.2548464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17257226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14732862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.071430564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186453547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126', 'display_name': 'Neutrino', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.5.031027', 'pdf_url': 'http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031027', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137042341', 'display_name': 'Physical Review X', 'issn_l': '2160-3308', 'issn': ['2160-3308'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320261', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320261'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03446', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.03446', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/a55acafb52d8444693854f1beada0ca0', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1213931', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03446', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.03446', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1502.03446', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.5.031027', 'pdf_url': 'http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031027', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137042341', 'display_name': 'Physical Review X', 'issn_l': '2160-3308', 'issn': ['2160-3308'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320261', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320261'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306084', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Department of Energy', 'award_id': 'DE-FG02-13ER41958'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306164', 'funder_display_name': 'Simons Foundation', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320333422', 'funder_display_name': 'Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University', 'award_id': 'DMR-1420709'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320338281', 'funder_display_name': 'Army Research Office', 'award_id': '63834-PH-MUR'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W1507613918', 'https://openalex.org/W3109489678'], 'referenced_works_count': 65, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1507857676', 'https://openalex.org/W1514274172', 'https://openalex.org/W1620821418', 'https://openalex.org/W1793706832', 'https://openalex.org/W1963826472', 'https://openalex.org/W1964785391', 'https://openalex.org/W1969398018', 'https://openalex.org/W1971531461', 'https://openalex.org/W1978496717', 'https://openalex.org/W1983710043', 'https://openalex.org/W1990898238', 'https://openalex.org/W1995680910', 'https://openalex.org/W2006294391', 'https://openalex.org/W2008256380', 'https://openalex.org/W2009683141', 'https://openalex.org/W2011539405', 'https://openalex.org/W2014615332', 'https://openalex.org/W2015772700', 'https://openalex.org/W2018084296', 'https://openalex.org/W2024100012', 'https://openalex.org/W2024916575', 'https://openalex.org/W2032797402', 'https://openalex.org/W2036766789', 'https://openalex.org/W2040202367', 'https://openalex.org/W2051208159', 'https://openalex.org/W2055775449', 'https://openalex.org/W2059045187', 'https://openalex.org/W2065801793', 'https://openalex.org/W2066315559', 'https://openalex.org/W2067291168', 'https://openalex.org/W2072028848', 'https://openalex.org/W2074964274', 'https://openalex.org/W2075980613', 'https://openalex.org/W2078037298', 'https://openalex.org/W2082666420', 'https://openalex.org/W2084131872', 'https://openalex.org/W2084630589', 'https://openalex.org/W2084812957', 'https://openalex.org/W2084823114', 'https://openalex.org/W2086291911', 'https://openalex.org/W2087529234', 'https://openalex.org/W2091596086', 'https://openalex.org/W2092669018', 'https://openalex.org/W2118492507', 'https://openalex.org/W2120406170', 'https://openalex.org/W2125284466', 'https://openalex.org/W2133987216', 'https://openalex.org/W2148699021', 'https://openalex.org/W2159478153', 'https://openalex.org/W2166606564', 'https://openalex.org/W2168393858', 'https://openalex.org/W2174568001', 'https://openalex.org/W2329349740', 'https://openalex.org/W2763488947', 'https://openalex.org/W2950976978', 'https://openalex.org/W2963405204', 'https://openalex.org/W2965449577', 'https://openalex.org/W3022271612', 'https://openalex.org/W3100847480', 'https://openalex.org/W3103179975', 'https://openalex.org/W3103989133', 'https://openalex.org/W3104210601', 'https://openalex.org/W3104276669', 'https://openalex.org/W3122999322', 'https://openalex.org/W4251798058'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388974632', 'https://openalex.org/W4301514978', 'https://openalex.org/W4299620346', 'https://openalex.org/W3099566691', 'https://openalex.org/W3044633820', 'https://openalex.org/W2953052337', 'https://openalex.org/W2232880182', 'https://openalex.org/W2128949514', 'https://openalex.org/W2082307699', 'https://openalex.org/W1498095378'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 52, 79], 'propose': [1], 'a': [2, 12, 22, 64, 70, 82, 89, 107, 191, 207], 'particle-hole': [3, 56, 113, 192, 198], 'symmetric': [4, 193], 'theory': [5, 17, 86, 216], 'of': [6, 11, 42, 48, 73, 87, 116, 156, 173, 181, 225], 'the': [7, 26, 36, 46, 60, 76, 93, 128, 150, 157, 174, 203, 222, 226], 'Fermi-liquid': [8], 'ground': [9, 40], 'state': [10, 41], 'half-filled': [13], 'Landau': [14], 'level.': [15], 'This': [16], 'should': [18], 'be': [19], 'applicable': [20], 'for': [21, 35], 'Dirac': [23, 66, 102, 158, 175, 204], 'fermion': [24, 62, 90, 131, 176, 205], 'in': [25, 45, 96, 127, 221], 'magnetic': [27], 'field': [28, 85], 'at': [29, 119], 'charge': [30], 'neutrality,': [31], 'as': [32, 34, 168], 'well': [33], '$\\nu=\\frac12$': [37], 'quantum': [38, 136], 'Hall': [39, 137], 'nonrelativistic': [43, 223], 'fermions': [44, 104], 'limit': [47, 224], 'negligible': [49], 'inter-Landau-level': [50], 'mixing.': [51], 'argue': [53], 'that': [54], 'when': [55], 'symmetry': [57, 199], 'is': [58, 63, 146, 200, 217], 'exact,': [59, 202], 'composite': [61, 103, 130, 159], 'massless': [65], 'fermion,': [67], 'characterized': [68], 'by': [69], 'Berry': [71], 'phase': [72], '$\\pi$': [74], 'around': [75], 'Fermi': [77], 'circle.': [78], 'write': [80], 'down': [81], 'tentative': [83], 'effective': [84], 'such': [88], 'and': [91, 124, 144, 163], 'discuss': [92], 'discrete': [94], 'symmetries,': [95], 'particular,': [97], '$\\mathcal': [98, 208], 'C\\mathcal': [99, 209], 'P$.': [100], 'The': [101, 112, 161, 212], 'interact': [105], 'through': [106], 'gauge,': [108], 'but': [109], 'non-Chern-Simons,': [110], 'interaction.': [111], 'conjugate': [114], 'pair': [115], 'Jain-sequence': [117], 'states': [118, 138, 165, 172], 'filling': [120, 141, 153], 'factors': [121], '$\\frac': [122], 'n{2n+1}$': [123], '$\\frac{n+1}{2n+1}$,': [125], 'which': [126], 'conventional': [129, 213], 'picture': [132], 'corresponds': [133], 'to': [134, 149, 190, 219], 'integer': [135], 'with': [139, 177], 'different': [140], 'factors,': [142], '$n$': [143], '$n+1$,': [145], 'now': [147], 'mapped': [148], 'same': [151], 'half-integer': [152], 'factor': [154], '$n+\\frac12$': [155], 'fermion.': [160], 'Pfaffian': [162], 'anti-Pfaffian': [164], 'are': [166], 'interpreted': [167], '$d$-wave': [169], 'Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer': [170], 'paired': [171], 'orbital': [178], 'angular': [179], 'momentum': [180], 'opposite': [182], 'signs,': [183], 'while': [184], '$s$-wave': [185], 'pairing': [186], 'would': [187], 'give': [188], 'rise': [189], 'non-Abelian': [194], 'gapped': [195], 'phase.': [196], 'When': [197], 'not': [201], 'has': [206], 'P$-breaking': [210], 'mass.': [211], 'fermionic': [214], 'Chern-Simons': [215], 'shown': [218], 'emerge': [220], 'massive': [227], 'theory.': [228]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3109489678', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T07:40:11.828266', 'created_date': '2020-12-07'}