Publication Information

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[204, 268, 966, 1147, 1259, 1429, 1857], 'At': [205], 'least': [206], 'vitro': [209], 'culture': [211], 'conditions,': [212, 359, 453, 1601], 'microglial': [213, 300, 316, 454, 587, 621, 636, 694, 748, 1056, 1079, 1188, 1341, 1396, 1875], 'response': [214, 472], 'factor': [217, 265, 889, 944, 963, 972, 1004, 1024, 1373, 1426, 1627, 1755, 1854], 'secretion': [218, 266, 964, 973, 1005, 1034, 1120, 1151, 1235, 1351, 1374, 1427, 1628, 1756, 1855], 'differs': [221], 'particles/substances': [227], 'encounter.': [230], 'this': [232, 307, 1364, 1385, 1451, 1712, 1731, 1837, 1864, 1914], 'perspective,': [233, 1386, 1838], 'we': [234, 258, 677, 1052, 1126, 1631], 'briefly': [235], 'introduce': [236], 'focusing': [244], 'they': [247, 344, 535, 715, 775, 857, 859, 1645, 1653, 1782], 'contribute': [248, 661], 'maintenance': [251], 'micro-environment,': [255], 'then': [257], 'discuss': [259], 'Please': [269], 'note': [270], 'reader': [273], 'encouraged': [275], 'seek': [277], 'detailed': [278], 'reviews': [279], '(Underhill': [280], 'Goodridge,': [282], '2012;': [283], 'Fu': [284], '2014;': [287], 'Hu': [288], '2015;': [291], 'Galloway': [292], '2019)': [295], 'describe': [297], 'summarize': [299], 'function;': [301], 'due': [302, 1295, 1659], 'space': [305], 'limitation,': [306], 'perspective': [308, 1732], 'does': [309, 462], 'not': [310, 463, 764, 1144, 1208, 1282, 1315], 'cite': [311], 'primary': [313, 1054], 'literatures': [314], 'Microglial': [323, 874], 'central': [326, 840], 'nervous': [327], '(CNS):': [329], 'constitute': [331], '10–20%': [332], 'glial': [335], 'spinal': [341], 'cord,': [342], 'a': [346, 425, 435, 642, 697, 730, 737, 839, 933, 1210, 1250, 1705], 'type': [349, 740], 'phagocytic': [351, 742, 1614, 1725], 'CNS.': [355], 'Under': [356, 450, 1599], 'normal': [357], 'stay': [361], 'inactivated/resting': [364], 'state': [365, 486, 498, 798, 822, 1766], 'characterized': [366], 'small': [368], 'bodies': [370], 'highly': [372], 'ramified': [373], 'branching': [374], 'processes.': [375], 'During': [376, 1668], 'prune': [379], 'phagocytosing': [383, 929], 'synapses': [386], 'build': [388], 'up': [389], 'correct': [390], 'connections.': [394], 'addition,': [396, 604], 'phagocytose': [398, 1641], 'apoptotic': [399, 446, 930], 'accumulated': [401], 'developing': [404, 413], 'maintain': [407, 458], 'homeostasis.': [409], 'Even': [410], 'phase,': [414], 'abundant': [415], 'synapse': [416], 'loss': [417], 'myelin': [419, 441], 'degeneration': [420], 'constantly': [422], 'generated': [423], 'part': [426, 1921], 'processes,': [430], 'again,': [432], 'role': [436, 698, 841, 1232], 'eliminating': [438], 'impaired': [440], 'debris,': [442, 610, 1071, 1546], 'synapses,': [443], 'other': [445, 469, 818], 'contributes': [456, 1399], 'homeostasis': [460], 'activate': [464, 1681], 'pro-inflammatory': [465, 485, 802, 1785], 'cascades.': [466, 727], 'On': [467], 'hand,': [470], 'or': [475, 760, 864, 1592, 1671, 1788], 'invasion': [476], 'pathogen,': [478], 'sometimes': [481], 'transformed': [482], 'into': [483, 1739], '(please': [487], 'see': [488], 'next': [490], 'paragraph': [491], 'more': [493, 1475, 1514, 1551], 'detail': [494], 'regarding': [495, 1442], 'activation': [497, 879, 1876], 'microglia),': [500], 'involved': [503], 'multiple': [505, 552], 'inflammatory': [506, 726, 1268], 'responses.': [507], 'They': [508], 'migrate': [509], 'accumulate': [512, 628], 'at': [513, 532, 1895], 'site': [515], 'damaged': [517], 'region': [519], 'chemotaxis,': [521], 'there,': [523], 'foreign': [529, 562], 'materials': [530], 'present': [531], 'site,': [534], 'use': [536], 'specific': [537], 'receptors': [538], 'initiate': [540], 'general,': [543], 'consists': [550], 'steps': [553, 981], 'through': [554, 932, 1154], 'cytoskeletal': [555], 'reorganization;': [556], '(i)': [557], 'sensing': [558], 'moving': [560], 'toward': [561], 'materials,': [563, 568], '(ii)': [564], 'adhering': [565], '(iii)': [569], 'engulfing': [570, 1226, 1245], 'them,': [571], '(iv)': [573], 'digesting': [574], 'them': [575, 1060], 'phagosome.': [578], 'After': [579], 'debris': [585, 1549], 'considered': [590, 707], 'beneficial,': [591], 'would': [595], 'physically': [596], 'disturb': [597], 'angiogenesis.': [602], 'aside': [605], 'from': [606, 891, 923, 965, 1006, 1036, 1152, 1236, 1258, 1428, 1535, 1665, 1749, 1856], 'amyloid': [611, 1073], 'beta': [612, 624, 1074], 'another': [614], 'substance': [615, 1228], 'subject': [619, 1195], 'Amyloid': [623], 'confirmed': [626, 1317], 'Alzheimer’s': [630], 'disease': [631], '(AD)': [632], 'brains,': [633], 'therefore,': [635], 'now': [639, 1469, 1816], 'proposed': [640, 1029], 'therapeutic': [643], 'target': [644], 'AD': [646, 670], '(Wisniewski': [647], 'Goni,': [649], '2015).': [650], 'It': [651, 1313], 'should': [652], 'noted': [654], 'here': [655], 'human': [657], 'mouse': [659], 'differently': [662], 'conditions': [665, 762, 1774], 'neurodegenerative': [667], 'diseases,': [668, 712, 1676], 'including': [669, 877, 1270], 'pathology': [671], '(Friedman': [672], '2018).': [675, 1529, 1619], 'Therefore,': [676, 835, 951, 1407], 'need': [678], 'keep': [680], 'mind': [682], 'differ': [689], 'between': [690, 968, 1020, 1369, 1623], 'species.': [691], 'Regardless,': [692], 'although': [693, 836], 'plays': [696, 1229], 'maintaining': [700], 'homeostasis,': [702, 1651], 'have': [704, 861, 993], 'been': [705, 994, 1376], 'traditionally': [706], 'deleterious': [708], 'CNS': [711, 1590, 1675], 'noxious': [718], 'damage': [722, 912], 'thus': [724], 'exacerbate': [725], 'source': [731], 'factors:': [734], 'generally': [750], 'works': [751], 'beneficially.': [752], 'However,': [753, 927, 997, 1430, 1813], 'diseased': [759, 1600], 'so': [766], 'straightforward.': [767], 'Once': [768, 1778], 'resting': [769, 1765], 'respond': [771], 'external': [773], 'stimuli,': [774], 'known': [777, 917], 'exhibit': [779, 1474], 'two': [780, 1356, 1758, 1800], 'different': [781, 1292, 1486], 'activated': [784, 1164, 1828], 'forms,': [785], 'stimuli': [789], 'their': [791, 878, 1638, 1772, 1909], 'surrounding': [792, 872, 1537], 'conditions;': [793], 'M1': [797, 1786], 'secretes': [800, 824], 'harmful': [801], '(e.g.,': [804, 1160], 'reactive': [805], 'oxygen': [806], 'species,': [807], 'heat': [808], 'shock': [809], 'protein': [810, 1165], '60,': [811], 'interleukin': [812], '6': [813], '(IL-6),': [814], 'etc.),': [815], 'M2': [821, 1790, 1804], 'anti-inflammatory': [826, 943, 1789], '(e.g.': [828], 'CXCL13,': [829], 'insulin': [830], 'growth': [831], 'factor-1,': [832], 'IL-10,': [833], 'etc.).': [834], 'at/around': [844], 'lesion': [846], 'area': [847], 'removing': [849], 'substances,': [851], 'secrete,': [858], 'could': [860, 960, 1697], 'either': [862], 'negative': [863], 'positive': [865, 1701], 'effects': [866], 'neighboring': [868, 1405, 1650, 1773], 'micro-environment.': [873, 1406], 'phenotype': [875], 'changes,': [876], 'state,': [880], 'closely': [882, 1334], 'related': [883, 1335], 'patterns': [886, 1851], 'repertoire': [890], 'microglia,': [892, 1237, 1325, 1508, 1540, 1630, 1791, 1803, 1824], 'strong': [897], 'modulators': [898], 'functions.': [901], 'Notably,': [902], 'compared': [903, 1522, 1542], 'microglia-derived': [908, 988], 'repair,': [914], 'little': [915], 'about': [918], 'phosphatidylserine-mediated': [934], 'recognition': [935], 'mechanism,': [936], 'were': [938, 1092, 1294], 'shown': [939], 'prostaglandin': [945], 'E2': [946], '(Zhang': [947], '2006).': [950], 'possible': [954, 1242], 'Relationship': [967], 'microglia:': [975], 'Thus': [976], 'far,': [977], 'function': [992, 1713], 'extensively': [995], 'studied.': [996], 'understudied': [1011, 1378], 'unknown.': [1013], 'context': [1016], 'relationship': [1019, 1368, 1622], 'secretion,': [1025], 'recently': [1028], 'depend': [1039, 1191], 'substances': [1042, 1194], '2020).': [1048], 'study,': [1051], 'prepared': [1053], 'rat': [1055], 'cultures': [1057], 'subjected': [1059, 1127], 'three': [1062], 'kinds': [1063], 'substrates': [1065], '-': [1066, 1075], 'E.': [1067, 1095, 1122, 1140, 1174, 1219], 'coli': [1068, 1096, 1123, 1141, 1175, 1220], 'bioparticles,': [1069], 'bait': [1077], 'Cultured': [1081], 'phagocytosed': [1083, 1145], 'all': [1084], 'substrates,': [1086], 'interestingly,': [1088], 'only': [1089, 1300], 'treated': [1093], 'with': [1094, 1691], 'bioparticles': [1097], 'secreted': [1098], 'neurovascular': [1099], 'mediator': [1100], 'matrix': [1101], 'metalloproteinase-9': [1102], '(MMP-9)': [1103], 'event': [1106], 'To': [1109], 'further': [1110, 1737], 'identify': [1111], 'required': [1117, 1308], 'MMP-9': [1119, 1150, 1214, 1234], 'bioparticle': [1124, 1176], 'treatment,': [1125], 'cultured': [1128], 'lipopolysaccharide,': [1131], 'component': [1134], 'outer': [1137], 'membrane': [1138], 'Lipopolysaccharide': [1148], 'induced': [1149, 1303], 'same': [1156, 1320], 'intracellular': [1157, 1297], 'signaling': [1158, 1664], 'cascade': [1159], 'Toll-like': [1161], 'receptor': [1162], '4-mitogen': [1163], 'kinase': [1166], 'pathway),': [1167], 'observed': [1169], 'case': [1172], 'treatment.': [1177], 'These': [1178], 'findings': [1179], 'support': [1180, 1910], 'idea': [1182], 'demonstrated': [1200], '“engulfing”': [1203], 'critical': [1211], 'trigger': [1212], 'secretion;': [1215], 'rather,': [1216], 'adherence': [1217], 'before': [1221], 'initiating': [1222], 'though': [1238], 'modulator': [1251], 'cells,': [1263], 'live': [1264, 1301], 'Gram-negative': [1265], 'bacteria': [1266, 1280, 1302], 'triggered': [1267], 'responses,': [1269], 'interferon': [1271], 'β': [1272], 'IL-1β': [1274], 'production;': [1275], 'however,': [1276], 'phagocytosis,': [1278], 'heat-killed': [1279], 'did': [1281], 'induce': [1283], 'responses': [1285, 1293, 1702], '(Sander': [1286], '2011).': [1289], 'Importantly,': [1290], 'mechanisms,': [1298, 1683], 'i.e.': [1299], 'inflammasome': [1304], 'activation,': [1305], 'processing': [1310], 'IL-1β.': [1312], 'yet': [1316], 'mechanism': [1321, 1865], 'enclosed': [1323], 'studies': [1328, 1409, 1434, 1859], 'indicate': [1329], 'selection': [1338, 1393, 1745], 'pattern.': [1343], 'Conclusion': [1344], 'future': [1346, 1408], 'remarks:': [1347], 'Phagocytosis': [1348, 1752], 'functions': [1358, 1760], '(Figure': [1361], '1).': [1362], 'Despite': [1363], 'fact,': [1365], 'surprisingly,': [1366], 'has': [1375], 'relatively': [1377], 'field.': [1381], 'As': [1382, 1834], 'discussed': [1383, 1835], 'modulation': [1402], 'indeed': [1411], 'warranted': [1412, 1861], 'investigate': [1414, 1863], 'precise': [1416], 'will': [1432], 'us': [1436], 'understanding': [1439, 1870], 'neuroregeneration,': [1443, 1686], 'main': [1447], 'research': [1448], 'focus': [1449], 'journal?': [1452], 'hint': [1454], 'lie': [1456], 'fact': [1459], 'beyond': [1461, 1819], 'traditional': [1463], 'M1/M2': [1464, 1823], 'polarization,': [1466], 'widely': [1470], 'well-accepted': [1471], 'heterogeneous': [1476, 1825], 'phenotypes': [1477, 1801], '(Lee': [1478], '2019).': [1481], 'show': [1485], 'characteristics': [1487, 1587], 'region,': [1491], 'cerebral': [1494], 'white': [1495, 1501, 1510, 1547, 1562, 1579, 1643, 1694, 1715], 'matter': [1496, 1502, 1511, 1525, 1545, 1548, 1563, 1580, 1716], 'vs': [1497], 'gray': [1498, 1524, 1544], 'matter.': [1499, 1695], 'Cerebral': [1500, 1561], 'contains': [1503], 'significantly': [1504], 'higher': [1505], 'numbers': [1506], 'express': [1513], 'phagocytosis-related': [1515], 'proteins': [1516], 'CD68': [1519], 'CD86': [1521], '(Zrzavy': [1526], 'This': [1530, 1916], 'difference': [1531], 'partly': [1533], 'come': [1534], 'environment': [1538], 'preferably': [1552], 'engulfed': [1553], '(Huizinga': [1557], '2012).': [1560], 'comprised': [1565], 'myelinated': [1567], 'axons': [1568], 'connect': [1570], 'neurons': [1571], 'various': [1573], 'regions': [1574], 'dysfunction': [1581], 'vascular-related': [1589], 'diseases': [1591], 'aging,': [1593], 'often': [1594], 'leading': [1595, 1608], 'cognitive': [1597], 'decline.': [1598], 'activities': [1603], 'become': [1606, 1783], 'dysregulated,': [1607], 'abnormalities': [1610], 'reduced': [1613, 1724], 'capacity': [1615], '(Deczkowska': [1616], 'Considering': [1620], 'hypothesize': [1633], 'once': [1635], 'lose': [1637], 'ability': [1639], 'matter,': [1644], 'no': [1646], 'longer': [1647], 'sufficient': [1656], 'lack': [1662], 'phagocytosis-dependent': [1666], 'mechanisms.': [1667], 'chronic': [1672], 'tends': [1679], 'e.g.,': [1687], 'axonal': [1688], 'remodeling/repairing': [1689], 'along': [1690], 're-myelination': [1692], 'broad': [1706], 'spectrum': [1707], 'trophic': [1709], 'factors,': [1710], 'easily': [1720], 'disrupted': [1721], 'capacity.': [1726], 'papers': [1728], 'introduced': [1729], 'emphasize': [1733], 'importance': [1735], 'investigation': [1738], 'microglia.Figure': [1750], '1:': [1751], 'microglia.Microglia': [1762], 'serve': [1767], '“sentinels”': [1769], 'surveying': [1771], 'brain.': 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