Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3101463779', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/132', 'title': 'CHEMICAL CARTOGRAPHY WITH APOGEE: METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MILKY WAY DISK', 'display_name': 'CHEMICAL CARTOGRAPHY WITH APOGEE: METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MILKY WAY DISK', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-07-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3101463779', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/132', 'mag': '3101463779'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/132', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.02110', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102839196', 'display_name': 'Michael R. Hayden', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-9766'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I10052268', 'display_name': 'New Mexico State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hpz7z43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael R. Hayden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090854438', 'display_name': 'Jo Bovy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6855-442X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40036882', 'display_name': 'Institute for Advanced Study', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f809463', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40036882']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jo Bovy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40036882']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008103926', 'display_name': 'Jon A. Holtzman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-9622'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I10052268', 'display_name': 'New Mexico State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hpz7z43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jon A. Holtzman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014732953', 'display_name': 'David L. Nidever', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-3689'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'David L. Nidever', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI\xa048109, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI\xa048109, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016566317', 'display_name': 'Jonathan C. Bird', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-5212'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200719446', 'display_name': 'Vanderbilt University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vm5rt34', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200719446']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jonathan C. Bird', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 6301 Stevenson Center, VU Station B #351807, Nashville, TN 37235, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 6301 Stevenson Center, VU Station B #351807, Nashville, TN 37235, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I200719446']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055630635', 'display_name': 'David H. Weinberg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-7261'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I52357470', 'display_name': 'The Ohio State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rs6vg23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David H. Weinberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy and CCAPP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy and CCAPP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008859611', 'display_name': 'Brett H. Andrews', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-5890'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170201317', 'display_name': 'University of Pittsburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an3r305', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170201317']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Brett H. Andrews', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["PITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "PITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170201317']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088466085', 'display_name': 'Steven R. Majewski', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-3147'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Steven R. Majewski', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5105823438', 'display_name': 'Carlos Prieto', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807', 'display_name': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cmntr54', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'display_name': 'Universidad de La Laguna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01r9z8p25', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carlos Allende Prieto', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072113237', 'display_name': 'F. Anders', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-9363'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'display_name': 'Universidad de La Laguna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01r9z8p25', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Friedrich Anders', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007399893', 'display_name': 'Timothy C. Beers', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-6233'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I107639228', 'display_name': 'University of Notre Dame', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00mkhxb43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I107639228']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I190517652', 'display_name': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04kq4yy23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I190517652']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Timothy C. Beers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department\xa0of Physics and JINA-CEE: Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Physics and JINA-CEE: Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I107639228', 'https://openalex.org/I190517652']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051178378', 'display_name': 'Dmitry Bizyaev', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-133X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I10052268', 'display_name': 'New Mexico State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hpz7z43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dmitry Bizyaev', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM\xa088349-0059, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM\xa088349-0059, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072997761', 'display_name': 'C. Chiappini', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-7282'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150701', 'display_name': 'Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05b9w0m88', 'country_code': 'BR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799713863', 'display_name': 'Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mrbr458', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799713863', 'https://openalex.org/I315704651']}], 'countries': ['BR', 'DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cristina Chiappini', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil', 'Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150701']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799713863']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059358944', 'display_name': 'Kátia Cunha', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-0576'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210125312', 'display_name': 'National Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03d47z838', 'country_code': 'BR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210125312']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801948628', 'display_name': 'Kitt Peak National Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0135fch82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1311060795', 'https://openalex.org/I2801948628', 'https://openalex.org/I4210141577']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I59499333', 'display_name': 'Optica', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jypd850', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I59499333']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089367', 'display_name': 'Valongo Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/005cybj21', 'country_code': 'BR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122140584', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089367']}], 'countries': ['BR', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Katia Cunha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA', 'Observatório Nacional, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Observatório Nacional, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210125312', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089367']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801948628', 'https://openalex.org/I59499333']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034665713', 'display_name': 'Peter M. Frinchaboy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-8346'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I128956969', 'display_name': 'Texas Christian University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/054b0b564', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I128956969']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Frinchaboy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I128956969']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007295322', 'display_name': 'D. A. García–Hernández', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-2721'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807', 'display_name': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cmntr54', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'display_name': 'Universidad de La Laguna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01r9z8p25', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. A. García-Herńandez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048321889', 'display_name': 'A. E. García Pérez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-6198'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807', 'display_name': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cmntr54', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'display_name': 'Universidad de La Laguna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01r9z8p25', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}], 'countries': ['ES', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ana E. García Pérez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045889594', 'display_name': 'L. Girardi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-3269'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150701', 'display_name': 'Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05b9w0m88', 'country_code': 'BR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159647', 'display_name': 'Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z3y3f62', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159647', 'https://openalex.org/I875825670']}], 'countries': ['BR', 'IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Léo Girardi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil', "Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova—INAF, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150701']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova—INAF, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159647']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049766867', 'display_name': 'Paul Harding', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-6248'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I58956616', 'display_name': 'Case Western Reserve University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/051fd9666', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I58956616']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul Harding', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I58956616']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088964411', 'display_name': 'Fred Hearty', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1664-3102'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fred R. Hearty', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA', 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005153472', 'display_name': 'Jennifer A. Johnson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-4580'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I52357470', 'display_name': 'The Ohio State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rs6vg23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jennifer A. Johnson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy and CCAPP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy and CCAPP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012101221', 'display_name': 'Szabolcs Mészáros', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-5209'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I106118109', 'display_name': 'Eötvös Loránd University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01jsq2704', 'country_code': 'HU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106118109']}], 'countries': ['HU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Szabolcs Mészáros', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, H-9704 Szombathely, Szent Imre Herceg st. 112, Hungary'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, H-9704 Szombathely, Szent Imre Herceg st. 112, Hungary', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I106118109']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051443630', 'display_name': 'Ivan Minchev', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-0355'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799713863', 'display_name': 'Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mrbr458', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799713863', 'https://openalex.org/I315704651']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ivan Minchev', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799713863']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021145927', 'display_name': 'R. W. O’Connell', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8190-7573'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert O’Connell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033109695', 'display_name': 'Kaike Pan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-2556'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I10052268', 'display_name': 'New Mexico State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hpz7z43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kaike Pan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM\xa088349-0059, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM\xa088349-0059, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050299954', 'display_name': 'A. C. Robin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8654-9499'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Annie C. Robin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute Utinam, CNRS UMR6213, Université de Franche-Comté, OSU THETA de Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Besancon, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute Utinam, CNRS UMR6213, Université de Franche-Comté, OSU THETA de Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Besancon, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013918544', 'display_name': 'Ricardo P. Schiavon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-0897'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63098007', 'display_name': 'Liverpool John Moores University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04zfme737', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63098007']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ricardo P. Schiavon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Astrophysics Research Institute, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Astrophysics Research Institute, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I63098007']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035557006', 'display_name': 'David J. Schlegel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Donald P. Schneider', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA', 'Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010251014', 'display_name': 'M. Schultheis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-1657'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210126779', 'display_name': 'Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/039fj2469', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201841394', 'https://openalex.org/I4210126779']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mathias Schultheis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Laboratoire Lagrange (UMR7293), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Laboratoire Lagrange (UMR7293), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210126779']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011033572', 'display_name': 'Matthew Shetrone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0509-2656'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew Shetrone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The University of Texas at Austin, McDonald Observatory, TX 79734, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Texas at Austin, McDonald Observatory, TX 79734, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023370713', 'display_name': 'Michael F. Skrutskie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-5901'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Skrutskie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084994654', 'display_name': 'Matthias Steinmetz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-7459'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799713863', 'display_name': 'Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mrbr458', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799713863', 'https://openalex.org/I315704651']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthias Steinmetz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799713863']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007265287', 'display_name': 'Verne V. Smith', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2024'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I59499333', 'display_name': 'Optica', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jypd850', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I59499333']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801948628', 'display_name': 'Kitt Peak National Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0135fch82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1311060795', 'https://openalex.org/I2801948628', 'https://openalex.org/I4210141577']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Verne Smith', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I59499333', 'https://openalex.org/I2801948628']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016835392', 'display_name': 'John C. Wilson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7828-7257'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John C. Wilson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department\xa0of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035586913', 'display_name': 'O. Zamora', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-1638'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'display_name': 'Universidad de La Laguna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01r9z8p25', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807', 'display_name': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cmntr54', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070', 'https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Olga Zamora', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I158438070']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130807']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063305928', 'display_name': 'Gail Zasowski', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6761-9359'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I145311948', 'display_name': 'Johns Hopkins University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00za53h95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I145311948']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gail Zasowski', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I145311948']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 8, 'institutions_distinct_count': 27, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5102839196', 'https://openalex.org/A5090854438', 'https://openalex.org/A5008103926', 'https://openalex.org/A5014732953', 'https://openalex.org/A5016566317', 'https://openalex.org/A5008859611'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10052268', 'https://openalex.org/I40036882', 'https://openalex.org/I10052268', 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'https://openalex.org/I200719446', 'https://openalex.org/I170201317'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4499, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4499, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 27.976, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 516, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999954, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '808', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '132', 'last_page': '132'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10039', 'display_name': 'Stellar Astrophysics and Exoplanet Studies', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10039', 'display_name': 'Stellar Astrophysics and Exoplanet Studies', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10477', 'display_name': 'Star Formation in Molecular Clouds and Protoplanetary Disks', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12917', 'display_name': 'Astronomical Instrumentation and Spectroscopy', 'score': 0.9912, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3105', 'display_name': 'Instrumentation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/milky-way', 'display_name': 'Milky Way', 'score': 0.500519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thick-disk', 'display_name': 'Thick disk', 'score': 0.45572913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/star-count', 'display_name': 'Star count', 'score': 0.41790098}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99465377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217030', 'display_name': 'Metallicity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.90421426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555520305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321', 'display_name': 'Milky Way', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.883236}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7454586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6623628}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178635117', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499', 'display_name': 'RADIUS', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64157414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C172119930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150541', 'display_name': 'Disc', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.60927486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150846664', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306', 'display_name': 'Stars', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6057068}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C122342681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330828', 'display_name': 'Skewness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4857817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107520359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030613', 'display_name': 'Thick disk', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45572913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110121322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811', 'display_name': 'Distribution (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42600232}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188195645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7601206', 'display_name': 'Star count', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.41790098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34808943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3289402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184665706', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310', 'display_name': 'Halo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.18993393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174802034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140', 'display_name': 'Galaxy formation and evolution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.1887722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10211584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07409471}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80518518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863936', 'display_name': 'K-type main-sequence star', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178075534', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6232', 'display_name': 'T Tauri star', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/132', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277462', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01277462', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02110', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.02110', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1503.02110', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02110', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.02110', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W1630925398', 'https://openalex.org/W3101463779'], 'referenced_works_count': 127, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1582881973', 'https://openalex.org/W1608434949', 'https://openalex.org/W1613705413', 'https://openalex.org/W1676163260', 'https://openalex.org/W1734056473', 'https://openalex.org/W1766720094', 'https://openalex.org/W1797588316', 'https://openalex.org/W1888291900', 'https://openalex.org/W1903741535', 'https://openalex.org/W1943306457', 'https://openalex.org/W1963532677', 'https://openalex.org/W1965561594', 'https://openalex.org/W1969174337', 'https://openalex.org/W1970863353', 'https://openalex.org/W1972363439', 'https://openalex.org/W1972650971', 'https://openalex.org/W1974517839', 'https://openalex.org/W1974740758', 'https://openalex.org/W1977802113', 'https://openalex.org/W1978991491', 'https://openalex.org/W1979348280', 'https://openalex.org/W1980935497', 'https://openalex.org/W1981495554', 'https://openalex.org/W1988131548', 'https://openalex.org/W1988977509', 'https://openalex.org/W1991655134', 'https://openalex.org/W1993301080', 'https://openalex.org/W1994519330', 'https://openalex.org/W1996507000', 'https://openalex.org/W1999358632', 'https://openalex.org/W2002380707', 'https://openalex.org/W2008200089', 'https://openalex.org/W2009805926', 'https://openalex.org/W2012780054', 'https://openalex.org/W2016586380', 'https://openalex.org/W2016734711', 'https://openalex.org/W2029007937', 'https://openalex.org/W2029263067', 'https://openalex.org/W2032386403', 'https://openalex.org/W2033950450', 'https://openalex.org/W2034568649', 'https://openalex.org/W2036949958', 'https://openalex.org/W2039873083', 'https://openalex.org/W2041209068', 'https://openalex.org/W2052937506', 'https://openalex.org/W2053321229', 'https://openalex.org/W2057419414', 'https://openalex.org/W2059104746', 'https://openalex.org/W2062465540', 'https://openalex.org/W2063568047', 'https://openalex.org/W2066453499', 'https://openalex.org/W2066481832', 'https://openalex.org/W2068967919', 'https://openalex.org/W2076575356', 'https://openalex.org/W2080808674', 'https://openalex.org/W2081198904', 'https://openalex.org/W2087529053', 'https://openalex.org/W2095358030', 'https://openalex.org/W2100689867', 'https://openalex.org/W2102600871', 'https://openalex.org/W2104692125', 'https://openalex.org/W2107745783', 'https://openalex.org/W2113319024', 'https://openalex.org/W2125161872', 'https://openalex.org/W2125174497', 'https://openalex.org/W2126597027', 'https://openalex.org/W2131795696', 'https://openalex.org/W2136484893', 'https://openalex.org/W2140137154', 'https://openalex.org/W2142220522', 'https://openalex.org/W2142307184', 'https://openalex.org/W2142335930', 'https://openalex.org/W2142824603', 'https://openalex.org/W2147668299', 'https://openalex.org/W2151108150', 'https://openalex.org/W2157661174', 'https://openalex.org/W2160299852', 'https://openalex.org/W2161558319', 'https://openalex.org/W2169344843', 'https://openalex.org/W2237029308', 'https://openalex.org/W2259968672', 'https://openalex.org/W2260368512', 'https://openalex.org/W2802486096', 'https://openalex.org/W3041073473', 'https://openalex.org/W3098635516', 'https://openalex.org/W3098763006', 'https://openalex.org/W3099086688', 'https://openalex.org/W3099573614', 'https://openalex.org/W3099896971', 'https://openalex.org/W3100174716', 'https://openalex.org/W3100496572', 'https://openalex.org/W3100528003', 'https://openalex.org/W3100741874', 'https://openalex.org/W3100827782', 'https://openalex.org/W3101326900', 'https://openalex.org/W3101607372', 'https://openalex.org/W3101615462', 'https://openalex.org/W3102042070', 'https://openalex.org/W3102850733', 'https://openalex.org/W3103246553', 'https://openalex.org/W3103722384', 'https://openalex.org/W3104568813', 'https://openalex.org/W3104699322', 'https://openalex.org/W3104946937', 'https://openalex.org/W3105637908', 'https://openalex.org/W3105646207', 'https://openalex.org/W3105899344', 'https://openalex.org/W3106165736', 'https://openalex.org/W3106301435', 'https://openalex.org/W3106372027', 'https://openalex.org/W3122558658', 'https://openalex.org/W3122856160', 'https://openalex.org/W3123753455', 'https://openalex.org/W3124068696', 'https://openalex.org/W3124077099', 'https://openalex.org/W3210089421', 'https://openalex.org/W4205191006', 'https://openalex.org/W4213372451', 'https://openalex.org/W4243967282', 'https://openalex.org/W4289259773', 'https://openalex.org/W4292508430', 'https://openalex.org/W4292953150', 'https://openalex.org/W4293311141', 'https://openalex.org/W4293311369', 'https://openalex.org/W4293675661', 'https://openalex.org/W4300572344', 'https://openalex.org/W4300996577'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W92295437', 'https://openalex.org/W3105761884', 'https://openalex.org/W3105442936', 'https://openalex.org/W3103940923', 'https://openalex.org/W2745792494', 'https://openalex.org/W2161558319', 'https://openalex.org/W1999894587', 'https://openalex.org/W1990583116', 'https://openalex.org/W1640069661', 'https://openalex.org/W1619044966'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Using': [0], 'a': [1, 62, 98, 104, 109, 176, 188, 197, 229, 255], 'sample': [2], 'of': [3, 17, 35, 123, 147, 167, 223, 231, 238, 251, 258], '69,919': [4], 'red': [5], 'giants': [6], 'from': [7, 175], 'the': [8, 15, 20, 26, 36, 53, 115, 124, 131, 148, 159, 165, 168, 193, 202, 213, 224, 249], 'SDSS-III/APOGEE': [9], 'Data': [10], 'Release': [11], '12,': [12], 'we': [13, 87, 234], 'measure': [14], 'distribution': [16, 28, 179, 191], 'stars': [18, 73, 139, 206], 'in': [19, 52, 65, 92, 106, 201], '[α/Fe]': [21, 66, 77, 93, 210], 'versus': [22, 67, 94], '[Fe/H]': [23, 81, 95], 'plane': [24], 'and': [25, 48, 74, 80, 108], 'metallicity': [27, 107, 154, 161], 'functions': [29], '(MDFs)': [30], 'across': [31, 130], 'an': [32], 'unprecedented': [33], 'volume': [34], 'Milky': [37], 'Way': [38], 'disk,': [39], 'with': [40, 70, 97, 114, 173, 207], 'radius': [41], '3': [42, 181], '<': [43, 45, 57, 182, 184], 'R': [44, 141, 183], '15': [46], 'kpc': [47, 208], 'height': [49], 'kpc.': [50, 144], 'Stars': [51], 'inner': [54], 'disk': [55], '(R': [56], '5': [58], 'kpc)': [59], 'lie': [60], 'along': [61], 'single': [63], 'track': [64], '[Fe/H],': [68], 'starting': [69], 'α-enhanced,': [71], 'metal-poor': [72], 'ending': [75], 'at': [76, 118, 140, 155, 180, 192], '∼': [78, 82], '0': [79], '+0.4.': [83], 'At': [84], 'larger': [85, 156], 'radii': [86], 'find': [88], 'two': [89], 'distinct': [90], 'sequences': [91], 'space,': [96], 'roughly': [99, 189], 'solar-α': [100], 'sequence': [101, 111, 117, 126], 'that': [102, 112, 236], 'spans': [103], 'decade': [105], 'high-α': [110, 125, 138], 'merges': [113], 'low-α': [116], 'super-solar': [119], '[Fe/H].': [120], 'The': [121, 145, 220], 'location': [122], 'is': [127, 244], 'nearly': [128], 'constant': [129], 'disk;': [132], 'however,': [133], 'there': [134], 'are': [135], 'very': [136], 'few': [137], '>': [142, 211], '11': [143], 'peak': [146], 'midplane': [149, 169], 'MDF': [150, 170, 214, 226, 252], 'shifts': [151], 'to': [152, 187, 196, 247], 'lower': [153], 'R,': [157], 'reflecting': [158], 'Galactic': [160], 'gradient.': [162], 'Most': [163], 'strikingly,': [164], 'shape': [166, 200], 'changes': [171], 'systematically': [172], 'radius,': [174], 'negatively': [177], 'skewed': [178, 199], '7': [185], 'kpc,': [186], 'Gaussian': [190], 'solar': [194], 'annulus,': [195], 'positively': [198], 'outer': [203], 'Galaxy.': [204], 'For': [205], 'or': [209], '0.18,': [212], 'shows': [215], 'little': [216], 'dependence': [217], 'on': [218], 'R.': [219], 'positive': [221], 'skewness': [222], 'outer-disk': [225], 'may': [227], 'be': [228], 'signature': [230], 'radial': [232, 259], 'migration;': [233], 'show': [235], 'blurring': [237], 'stellar': [239], 'populations': [240], 'by': [241], 'orbital': [242], 'eccentricities': [243], 'not': [245], 'enough': [246], 'explain': [248], 'reversal': [250], 'shape,': [253], 'but': [254], 'simple': [256], 'model': [257], 'migration': [260], 'can': [261], 'do': [262], 'so.': [263]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3101463779', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 62}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 54}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 49}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 13}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T18:43:56.751922', 'created_date': '2020-11-23'}