Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3100675551', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1239/jap/1437658600', 'title': 'On the Acceleration of the Multi-Level Monte Carlo Method', 'display_name': 'On the Acceleration of the Multi-Level Monte Carlo Method', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3100675551', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1239/jap/1437658600', 'mag': '3100675551'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1239/jap/1437658600', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0A3A1D1988819CA1597DC37F8D1FAB77/S0021900200121096a.pdf/div-class-title-on-the-acceleration-of-the-multi-level-monte-carlo-method-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160779208', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Probability', 'issn_l': '0021-9002', 'issn': ['0021-9002', '1475-6072'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0A3A1D1988819CA1597DC37F8D1FAB77/S0021900200121096a.pdf/div-class-title-on-the-acceleration-of-the-multi-level-monte-carlo-method-div.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046325535', 'display_name': 'Kristian Debrabant', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-162X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I177969490', 'display_name': 'University of Southern Denmark', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yrrjy16', 'country_code': 'DK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I177969490']}], 'countries': ['DK'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Kristian Debrabant', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Southern Denmark'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Southern Denmark', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177969490']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110722658', 'display_name': 'Andreas Röβler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9341345', 'display_name': 'University of Lübeck', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00t3r8h32', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Andreas Röβler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Universität zu Lübeck'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Universität zu Lübeck', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5046325535', 'https://openalex.org/A5110722658'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177969490', 'https://openalex.org/I9341345'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.233, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.807895, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': '52', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '307', 'last_page': '322'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12404', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Approximation and Integration', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2612', 'display_name': 'Numerical Analysis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12404', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Approximation and Integration', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2612', 'display_name': 'Numerical Analysis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10928', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1804', 'display_name': 'Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10067', 'display_name': 'Stochastic processes and financial applications', 'score': 0.9928, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2003', 'display_name': 'Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-monte-carlo-method', 'display_name': 'Quasi-Monte Carlo method', 'score': 0.49782944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-integration', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo integration', 'score': 0.41683882}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19499675', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo method', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8392229}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185429906', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160', 'display_name': 'Estimator', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7553472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117896860', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376', 'display_name': 'Acceleration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6090783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777303404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757', 'display_name': 'Convergence (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54053235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63320529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269435', 'display_name': 'Quasi-Monte Carlo method', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.49782944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126255220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical optimization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4896634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4817081}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28826006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521', 'display_name': 'Applied mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47726768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C122592724', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3855635', 'display_name': 'Dynamic Monte Carlo method', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4669351}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13153151', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639846', 'display_name': 'Hybrid Monte Carlo', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46573702}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37669827', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6904703', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo molecular modeling', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46405947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182306322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371', 'display_name': 'Order (exchange)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44055623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132725507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39879', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo integration', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.41683882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34470752}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111350023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869', 'display_name': 'Markov chain Monte Carlo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2458677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20390701}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16706729}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07280663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74650414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397', 'display_name': 'Classical mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1239/jap/1437658600', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0A3A1D1988819CA1597DC37F8D1FAB77/S0021900200121096a.pdf/div-class-title-on-the-acceleration-of-the-multi-level-monte-carlo-method-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160779208', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Probability', 'issn_l': '0021-9002', 'issn': ['0021-9002', '1475-6072'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.7650', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.7650', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.7650', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.7650', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': None, 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.7650.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1301.7650', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1239/jap/1437658600', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0A3A1D1988819CA1597DC37F8D1FAB77/S0021900200121096a.pdf/div-class-title-on-the-acceleration-of-the-multi-level-monte-carlo-method-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160779208', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Probability', 'issn_l': '0021-9002', 'issn': ['0021-9002', '1475-6072'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2163620927', 'https://openalex.org/W3100675551'], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1575104486', 'https://openalex.org/W1835030294', 'https://openalex.org/W1975827655', 'https://openalex.org/W1976675231', 'https://openalex.org/W2006367766', 'https://openalex.org/W2014945091', 'https://openalex.org/W2017829019', 'https://openalex.org/W2023446392', 'https://openalex.org/W2050782108', 'https://openalex.org/W2083754610', 'https://openalex.org/W2112328746', 'https://openalex.org/W2117358914', 'https://openalex.org/W2163715525', 'https://openalex.org/W3098900779', 'https://openalex.org/W3105063129', 'https://openalex.org/W4231021340'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W590971457', 'https://openalex.org/W4367155567', 'https://openalex.org/W4294677683', 'https://openalex.org/W4253585948', 'https://openalex.org/W3107111207', 'https://openalex.org/W2151084831', 'https://openalex.org/W2026465639', 'https://openalex.org/W2019600130', 'https://openalex.org/W1987325317', 'https://openalex.org/W1548972748'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'multi-level': [1, 35], 'Monte': [2, 36], 'Carlo': [3, 37], 'method': [4], 'proposed': [5, 40], 'by': [6, 62], 'M.': [7], 'Giles': [8], '(2008)': [9], 'approximates': [10], 'the': [11, 27, 47, 54, 58], 'expectation': [12], 'of': [13, 24, 70, 79], 'some': [14], 'functionals': [15], 'applied': [16, 76], 'to': [17], 'a': [18, 33, 63], 'stochastic': [19], 'process': [20], 'with': [21, 41, 83], 'optimal': [22], 'order': [23, 85], 'convergence': [25], 'for': [26], 'mean-square': [28], 'error.': [29], 'In': [30], 'this': [31], 'paper,': [32], 'modified': [34, 55], 'estimator': [38, 56], 'is': [39, 51], 'significantly': [42], 'reduced': [43], 'computational': [44, 59, 80], 'costs.': [45], 'As': [46], 'main': [48], 'result,': [49], 'it': [50], 'proved': [52], 'that': [53], 'reduces': [57], 'costs': [60, 81], 'asymptotically': [61], 'factor': [64], '$(p/\\alpha)^2$': [65], 'if': [66], 'weak': [67], 'approximation': [68], 'methods': [69], 'orders': [71], '$\\alpha$': [72], 'and': [73], '$p$': [74], 'are': [75], 'in': [77], 'case': [78], 'growing': [82], 'same': [84], 'as': [86], 'variances': [87], 'decay.': [88]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3100675551', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T14:46:00.073999', 'created_date': '2020-11-23'}