Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3100435238', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2020.2973615', 'title': 'Lidar for Autonomous Driving: The Principles, Challenges, and Trends for Automotive Lidar and Perception Systems', 'display_name': 'Lidar for Autonomous Driving: The Principles, Challenges, and Trends for Automotive Lidar and Perception Systems', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-06-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3100435238', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2020.2973615', 'mag': '3100435238'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2020.2973615', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S120977877', 'display_name': 'IEEE Signal Processing Magazine', 'issn_l': '1053-5888', 'issn': ['1053-5888', '1558-0792'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08467', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100697960', 'display_name': 'You Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-1918'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1301102746', 'display_name': 'Renault (France)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v98kq37', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1301102746']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'You Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research, Groupe RENAULT, Guyancourt, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research, Groupe RENAULT, Guyancourt, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1301102746']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029347872', 'display_name': 'Javier Ibañez‐Guzmán', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-9709'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1301102746', 'display_name': 'Renault (France)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v98kq37', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1301102746']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Javier Ibanez-Guzman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Autonomous Systems, Groupe RENAULT, Guyancourt, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Autonomous Systems, Groupe RENAULT, Guyancourt, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1301102746']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 106.675, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 504, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999166, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '50', 'last_page': '61'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12153', 'display_name': 'Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3105', 'display_name': 'Instrumentation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12153', 'display_name': 'Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3105', 'display_name': 'Instrumentation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11099', 'display_name': 'Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2203', 'display_name': 'Automotive Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11164', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51399673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027', 'display_name': 'Lidar', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9460248}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.69128203}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87833898', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280', 'display_name': 'Advanced driver assistance systems', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6794342}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C526921623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117', 'display_name': 'Automotive industry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66981107}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26760741', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402', 'display_name': 'Perception', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64937127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C554190296', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528', 'display_name': 'Radar', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56335425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43521106', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493', 'display_name': 'Pipeline (software)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51216626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12713177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281', 'display_name': 'Perspective (graphical)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42814982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34372845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62649853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687', 'display_name': 'Remote sensing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33253497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19612926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17066696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12531897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146978453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668', 'display_name': 'Aerospace engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11750108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2020.2973615', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S120977877', 'display_name': 'IEEE Signal Processing Magazine', 'issn_l': '1053-5888', 'issn': ['1053-5888', '1558-0792'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08467', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08467', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2004.08467', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08467', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08467', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W3016600231', 'https://openalex.org/W3100435238'], 'referenced_works_count': 51, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1490320685', 'https://openalex.org/W1665366368', 'https://openalex.org/W2009991331', 'https://openalex.org/W2027452306', 'https://openalex.org/W2029093529', 'https://openalex.org/W2031031248', 'https://openalex.org/W2037938259', 'https://openalex.org/W2044164936', 'https://openalex.org/W2099606917', 'https://openalex.org/W2102691275', 'https://openalex.org/W2121806728', 'https://openalex.org/W2124651605', 'https://openalex.org/W2145131285', 'https://openalex.org/W2146628504', 'https://openalex.org/W2216023515', 'https://openalex.org/W2320275999', 'https://openalex.org/W2406067508', 'https://openalex.org/W2412454633', 'https://openalex.org/W2424778531', 'https://openalex.org/W2515656370', 'https://openalex.org/W2547705281', 'https://openalex.org/W2555618208', 'https://openalex.org/W2560609797', 'https://openalex.org/W2565029242', 'https://openalex.org/W2591162375', 'https://openalex.org/W2737444374', 'https://openalex.org/W2739781348', 'https://openalex.org/W2741087535', 'https://openalex.org/W2758107681', 'https://openalex.org/W2773347587', 'https://openalex.org/W2784715585', 'https://openalex.org/W2798965597', 'https://openalex.org/W2811025443', 'https://openalex.org/W2885745090', 'https://openalex.org/W2896640670', 'https://openalex.org/W2904648219', 'https://openalex.org/W2910812779', 'https://openalex.org/W2953920792', 'https://openalex.org/W2962912109', 'https://openalex.org/W2963459246', 'https://openalex.org/W2963906196', 'https://openalex.org/W2970919361', 'https://openalex.org/W2991216808', 'https://openalex.org/W2992794212', 'https://openalex.org/W3003437478', 'https://openalex.org/W3009586048', 'https://openalex.org/W3104641012', 'https://openalex.org/W3104946437', 'https://openalex.org/W3105115779', 'https://openalex.org/W576301840', 'https://openalex.org/W896668221'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390887692', 'https://openalex.org/W4319837668', 'https://openalex.org/W4319317934', 'https://openalex.org/W4308071650', 'https://openalex.org/W4281783339', 'https://openalex.org/W3188333020', 'https://openalex.org/W2956374172', 'https://openalex.org/W2901265155', 'https://openalex.org/W2773753696', 'https://openalex.org/W1964041166'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Autonomous': [0], 'vehicles': [1], 'rely': [2], 'on': [3], 'their': [4, 11], 'perception': [5, 56, 70, 109, 148], 'systems': [6, 48, 77], 'to': [7, 17, 39, 51, 89], 'acquire': [8], 'information': [9], 'about': [10], 'immediate': [12], 'surroundings.': [13], 'It': [14], 'is': [15, 120], 'necessary': [16], 'detect': [18], 'the': [19, 32, 40, 52, 69, 83, 96, 107, 126, 139], 'presence': [20], 'of': [21, 42, 63, 99, 138], 'other': [22, 26], 'vehicles,': [23], 'pedestrians': [24], 'and': [25, 31, 45, 68, 95, 104, 125, 142, 147], 'relevant': [27], 'entities.': [28], 'Safety': [29], 'concerns': [30], 'need': [33], 'for': [34, 111, 144], 'accurate': [35], 'estimations': [36], 'have': [37], 'led': [38], 'introduction': [41], 'Light': [43], 'Detection': [44], 'Ranging': [46], '(LiDAR)': [47], 'in': [49], 'complement': [50], 'camera': [53], 'or': [54], 'radar-based': [55], 'systems.': [57, 149], 'This': [58], 'article': [59], 'presents': [60], 'a': [61], 'review': [62], 'state-of-the-art': [64], 'automotive': [65, 145], 'LiDAR': [66, 76, 112], 'technologies': [67], 'algorithms': [71], 'used': [72], 'with': [73], 'those': [74], 'technologies.': [75], 'are': [78, 102, 131], 'introduced': [79, 103], 'first': [80], 'by': [81], 'analyzing': [82], 'main': [84], 'components,': [85], 'from': [86, 115], 'laser': [87], 'transmitter': [88], 'its': [90], 'beam': [91], 'scanning': [92], 'mechanism.': [93], 'Advantages/disadvantages': [94], 'current': [97], 'status': [98], 'various': [100], 'solutions': [101, 130], 'compared.': [105], 'Then,': [106], 'specific': [108], 'pipeline': [110], 'data': [113], 'processing,': [114], 'an': [116, 136], 'autonomous': [117], 'vehicle': [118], 'perspective': [119], 'detailed.': [121], 'The': [122], 'model-driven': [123], 'approaches': [124], 'emerging': [127], 'deep': [128], 'learning': [129], 'reviewed.': [132], 'Finally,': [133], 'we': [134], 'provide': [135], 'overview': [137], 'limitations,': [140], 'challenges': [141], 'trends': [143], 'LiDARs': [146]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3100435238', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 137}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 163}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 114}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 54}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T05:45:02.879875', 'created_date': '2020-11-23'}