Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3099309613', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12661.x', 'title': 'Colour pairs for constraining the age and metallicity of stellar populations', 'display_name': 'Colour pairs for constraining the age and metallicity of stellar populations', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-03-11', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3099309613', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12661.x', 'mag': '3099309613'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12661.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/385/3/1270/3284823/mnras0385-1270.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S195663288', 'display_name': 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society', 'issn_l': '0035-8711', 'issn': ['0035-8711', '1365-8711', '1365-2966'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/385/3/1270/3284823/mnras0385-1270.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068152954', 'display_name': 'Zhongmu Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-6130'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164580', 'display_name': 'National Astronomical Observatories', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/058pyyv44', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210164580']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhongmu Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164580']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088362654', 'display_name': 'Zhanwen Han', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-7778'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164580', 'display_name': 'National Astronomical Observatories', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/058pyyv44', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210164580']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhanwen Han', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650011, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164580']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2310, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 2833, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.488, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.701866, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 83, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '385', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '1270', 'last_page': '1278'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10026', 'display_name': 'Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena', 'score': 0.9948, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10026', 'display_name': 'Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena', 'score': 0.9948, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10039', 'display_name': 'Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies', 'score': 0.9882, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11963', 'display_name': 'Impact of Light on Environment and Health', 'score': 0.9586, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-population', 'display_name': 'Stellar population', 'score': 0.7732085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/degeneracy', 'display_name': 'Degeneracy (biology)', 'score': 0.5168941}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99465377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217030', 'display_name': 'Metallicity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9577948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9154571}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.852202}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778623024', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436016', 'display_name': 'Stellar population', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7732085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6724361}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12287442', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902', 'display_name': 'Luminosity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5888439}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5458099}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777727622', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251772', 'display_name': 'Degeneracy (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5168941}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4170635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125857072', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744', 'display_name': 'Star formation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.21786669}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10187179}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.049216926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60644358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570', 'display_name': 'Bioinformatics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12661.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/385/3/1270/3284823/mnras0385-1270.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S195663288', 'display_name': 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society', 'issn_l': '0035-8711', 'issn': ['0035-8711', '1365-8711', '1365-2966'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.1202', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/0704.1202', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': None, 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/0704.1202v4.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.0704.1202', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12661.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/385/3/1270/3284823/mnras0385-1270.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S195663288', 'display_name': 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society', 'issn_l': '0035-8711', 'issn': ['0035-8711', '1365-8711', '1365-2966'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W1998386246', 'https://openalex.org/W3099309613'], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1848183088', 'https://openalex.org/W1929623410', 'https://openalex.org/W1963555887', 'https://openalex.org/W1970660289', 'https://openalex.org/W1972513671', 'https://openalex.org/W1974159111', 'https://openalex.org/W1978850795', 'https://openalex.org/W1980118658', 'https://openalex.org/W1985370957', 'https://openalex.org/W1994671833', 'https://openalex.org/W1996744580', 'https://openalex.org/W2001339565', 'https://openalex.org/W2002467915', 'https://openalex.org/W2008334946', 'https://openalex.org/W2020634093', 'https://openalex.org/W2070304421', 'https://openalex.org/W2080897707', 'https://openalex.org/W2084741504', 'https://openalex.org/W2088570962', 'https://openalex.org/W2099538759', 'https://openalex.org/W2117528654', 'https://openalex.org/W2118819438', 'https://openalex.org/W2124733828', 'https://openalex.org/W2129276959', 'https://openalex.org/W2135561086', 'https://openalex.org/W2143507527', 'https://openalex.org/W2147406827', 'https://openalex.org/W2148120570', 'https://openalex.org/W2148901780', 'https://openalex.org/W2166864754', 'https://openalex.org/W3100267425', 'https://openalex.org/W33851185', 'https://openalex.org/W4245838201', 'https://openalex.org/W4292480926'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385681025', 'https://openalex.org/W3125031755', 'https://openalex.org/W3123162597', 'https://openalex.org/W3099309613', 'https://openalex.org/W2886381891', 'https://openalex.org/W2519918655', 'https://openalex.org/W2127232188', 'https://openalex.org/W2081705359', 'https://openalex.org/W2030604132', 'https://openalex.org/W2017393543'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Using': [0], 'a': [1, 86], 'widely': [2], 'used': [3, 93, 234], 'stellar-population': [4, 32, 99, 144], 'synthesis': [5], 'model,': [6], 'we': [7, 69], 'study': [8], 'the': [9, 20, 39, 46, 53, 71, 79, 96, 108, 127, 132, 209, 237], 'possibility': [10], 'of': [11, 14, 45, 73, 89, 111, 138], 'using': [12], 'pairs': [13, 76, 88, 117, 129, 229], 'AB': [15, 47], 'system': [16, 48], 'colours': [17, 49, 90], 'to': [18, 26, 52, 77, 94, 125], 'break': [19, 78], 'well-known': [21], 'stellar': [22, 109, 134], 'age–metallicity': [23, 80], 'degeneracy': [24], 'and': [25, 35, 42, 65, 68, 120, 136, 155, 177, 196], 'give': [27], 'constraints': [28], 'on': [29, 146], 'two': [30, 98, 143, 238], 'luminosity-weighted': [31, 133], 'parameters': [33, 145], '(age': [34, 173, 192], 'metallicity).': [36], 'We': [37], 'present': [38], 'relative': [40], 'age': [41, 149, 168], 'metallicity': [43, 156, 210], 'sensitivities': [44], 'that': [50, 85], 'relate': [51], 'u,': [54], 'B,': [55], 'g,': [56], 'V,': [57], 'r,': [58], 'R,': [59], 'i,': [60], 'I,': [61], 'z,': [62], 'J,': [63], 'H': [64], 'K': [66], 'bands,': [67], 'quantify': [70], 'ability': [72], 'various': [74], 'colour': [75, 116, 164, 228], 'degeneracy.': [81], 'Our': [82], 'results': [83], 'suggest': [84], 'few': [87], 'can': [91, 141, 230], 'be': [92, 103, 126, 233], 'constrain': [95, 142], 'above': [97], 'parameters.': [100, 239], 'This': [101], 'will': [102], 'very': [104], 'useful': [105], 'for': [106, 130, 162, 170, 189, 212, 221, 235], 'exploring': [107], 'populations': [110, 172, 179, 191, 198, 214, 223], 'distant': [112], 'galaxies.': [113, 139], 'In': [114], 'detail,': [115], '[(r–K),': [118, 121], '(u–R)]': [119], '(u–r)]': [122], 'are': [123, 182, 202, 217], 'shown': [124], 'best': [128], 'estimating': [131], 'ages': [135], 'metallicities': [137], 'They': [140], 'average': [147], 'with': [148], 'uncertainties': [150, 157, 169, 211], 'less': [151, 158], 'than': [152, 159, 220], '3.89': [153], 'Gyr': [154], '0.34': [160], 'dex': [161], 'typical': [163, 167], 'uncertainties.': [165], 'The': [166], 'young': [171], '<': [174, 200], '4.6': [175, 194], 'Gyr)': [176, 186, 195], 'metal-rich': [178], '(Z≥': [180], '0.001)': [181, 201], 'small': [183], '(about': [184, 205, 215, 224], '2.26': [185], 'while': [187], 'those': [188], 'old': [190], '≥': [193], 'metal-poor': [197, 213], '(Z': [199], 'much': [203, 218], 'larger': [204], '6.88': [206], 'Gyr).': [207], 'However,': [208], '0.0024)': [216], 'smaller': [219], 'other': [222, 227], '0.015).': [225], 'Some': [226], 'also': [231], 'possibly': [232], 'constraining': [236]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3099309613', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T14:10:12.380242', 'created_date': '2020-11-23'}