Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3099193845', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00252-x', 'title': 'Center vortices of Yang-Mills theory at finite temperatures', 'display_name': 'Center vortices of Yang-Mills theory at finite temperatures', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3099193845', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00252-x', 'mag': '3099193845'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00252-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-lat/9805002', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015756372', 'display_name': 'Kurt Langfeld', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-3580'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Langfeld', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012140534', 'display_name': 'O. Tennert', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'O. Tennert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076515449', 'display_name': 'Michael Engelhardt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-8862'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Engelhardt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091860602', 'display_name': 'Hugo Reinhardt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-4038'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H. Reinhardt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.014, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 41, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.907818, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '452', 'issue': '3-4', 'first_page': '301', 'last_page': '309'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10037', 'display_name': 'Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3104', 'display_name': 'Condensed Matter Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11993', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/color-confinement', 'display_name': 'Color confinement', 'score': 0.73752666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/yang–mills-theory', 'display_name': 'Yang–Mills theory', 'score': 0.726189}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-gauge-theory', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'score': 0.58551204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-temperature', 'display_name': 'Zero temperature', 'score': 0.5028612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wilson-loop', 'display_name': 'Wilson loop', 'score': 0.4922649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice', 'display_name': 'Lattice (music)', 'score': 0.43612477}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140820882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722', 'display_name': 'Vortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7994318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98795603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505724', 'display_name': 'Color confinement', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.73752666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103766332', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192873', 'display_name': 'Yang–Mills theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.726189}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.696722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138817895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386769', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.58551204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7602139', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718', 'display_name': 'Quark', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5677105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56459415}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40976572', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873', 'display_name': 'Gauge (firearms)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50811267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3017509072', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81182', 'display_name': 'Zero temperature', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5028612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776482091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206552', 'display_name': 'Wilson loop', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4922649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3079626', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881', 'display_name': 'Quantum electrodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47007138}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26873012', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781', 'display_name': 'Condensed matter physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45533058}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781204021', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091', 'display_name': 'Lattice (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43612477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200093464', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166583', 'display_name': 'Condensation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41257477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24586117}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16783977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08994681}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.085707486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00252-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9805002', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-lat/9805002', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': None, 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-lat/9805002v2.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.hep-lat/9805002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9805002', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-lat/9805002', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.68}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2007873806', 'https://openalex.org/W3099193845'], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1543763197', 'https://openalex.org/W1969857739', 'https://openalex.org/W1985098319', 'https://openalex.org/W2001566000', 'https://openalex.org/W2004540080', 'https://openalex.org/W2015148129', 'https://openalex.org/W2031925802', 'https://openalex.org/W2034736396', 'https://openalex.org/W2035729033', 'https://openalex.org/W2046335325', 'https://openalex.org/W2074607053', 'https://openalex.org/W2075171809', 'https://openalex.org/W2075735540', 'https://openalex.org/W2092174702', 'https://openalex.org/W2093203589', 'https://openalex.org/W2101441027', 'https://openalex.org/W2125318551', 'https://openalex.org/W2172802662', 'https://openalex.org/W2176513601', 'https://openalex.org/W243350606', 'https://openalex.org/W3024595229'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4297623526', 'https://openalex.org/W3105631397', 'https://openalex.org/W3099193845', 'https://openalex.org/W2964062046', 'https://openalex.org/W2572251659', 'https://openalex.org/W2167992864', 'https://openalex.org/W2060206741', 'https://openalex.org/W2054255757', 'https://openalex.org/W2020744659', 'https://openalex.org/W1968815177'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3099193845', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T19:22:39.456390', 'created_date': '2020-11-23'}