Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3092240902', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'title': 'Pharmacology of Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology of Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-01-06', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3092240902', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'mag': '3092240902', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035447'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163849586', 'display_name': 'The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology', 'issn_l': '0362-1642', 'issn': ['0362-1642', '1545-4304'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079756020', 'display_name': 'Edward Song', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-9753'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Edward Z. Song', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,', 'Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086683313', 'display_name': 'Michael C. Milone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-9844'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael C. Milone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,', 'Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.376, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999603, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '61', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '805', 'last_page': '829'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11491', 'display_name': 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11491', 'display_name': 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11272', 'display_name': 'Nanowire Nanosensors for Biomedical and Energy Applications', 'score': 0.9522, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/car-t-cells', 'display_name': 'CAR T Cells', 'score': 0.638624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-therapy', 'display_name': 'T Cell Therapy', 'score': 0.609579}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chimeric-antigen-receptor', 'display_name': 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor', 'score': 0.5293}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3875195', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5099363', 'display_name': 'Chimeric antigen receptor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9259502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147483822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537', 'display_name': 'Antigen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6160114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776090121', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529', 'display_name': 'T cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50642693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778957590', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798033', 'display_name': 'CD19', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44658852}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44462013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41533256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1491633281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868', 'display_name': 'Cell', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41181687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502942594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914', 'display_name': 'Cancer research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39354753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38630733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33344918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33188355}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31198567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8891405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Immune system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19506902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.093836784}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009101', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Myeloma', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000076962', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Chimeric Antigen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053301', 'descriptor_name': 'B-Cell Maturation Antigen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011948', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011948', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000076962', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Chimeric Antigen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013601', 'descriptor_name': 'T-Lymphocytes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013601', 'descriptor_name': 'T-Lymphocytes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014018', 'descriptor_name': 'Tissue Distribution', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163849586', 'display_name': 'The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology', 'issn_l': '0362-1642', 'issn': ['0362-1642', '1545-4304'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035447', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031720-102211', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163849586', 'display_name': 'The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology', 'issn_l': '0362-1642', 'issn': ['0362-1642', '1545-4304'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.82}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 71, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1967517831', 'https://openalex.org/W2015326650', 'https://openalex.org/W2028460943', 'https://openalex.org/W2030099809', 'https://openalex.org/W2044690129', 'https://openalex.org/W2051549641', 'https://openalex.org/W2118796952', 'https://openalex.org/W2124513722', 'https://openalex.org/W2129702476', 'https://openalex.org/W2141410122', 'https://openalex.org/W2145985838', 'https://openalex.org/W2148523692', 'https://openalex.org/W2170513194', 'https://openalex.org/W2219506342', 'https://openalex.org/W2297219066', 'https://openalex.org/W2338412771', 'https://openalex.org/W2341237625', 'https://openalex.org/W2342423058', 'https://openalex.org/W2360020331', 'https://openalex.org/W2443085751', 'https://openalex.org/W2471662063', 'https://openalex.org/W2500107307', 'https://openalex.org/W2509364267', 'https://openalex.org/W2566677727', 'https://openalex.org/W2591709377', 'https://openalex.org/W2602369513', 'https://openalex.org/W2602965251', 'https://openalex.org/W2606654718', 'https://openalex.org/W2735691291', 'https://openalex.org/W2756071038', 'https://openalex.org/W2760653955', 'https://openalex.org/W2763751953', 'https://openalex.org/W2766005616', 'https://openalex.org/W2773804840', 'https://openalex.org/W2775369717', 'https://openalex.org/W2786284951', 'https://openalex.org/W2787301955', 'https://openalex.org/W2787621143', 'https://openalex.org/W2794160747', 'https://openalex.org/W2801641802', 'https://openalex.org/W2803430447', 'https://openalex.org/W2804231581', 'https://openalex.org/W2805523469', 'https://openalex.org/W2807637103', 'https://openalex.org/W2807819616', 'https://openalex.org/W2808493395', 'https://openalex.org/W2883190832', 'https://openalex.org/W2891902322', 'https://openalex.org/W2901478468', 'https://openalex.org/W2903062212', 'https://openalex.org/W2903225254', 'https://openalex.org/W2905418815', 'https://openalex.org/W2905654445', 'https://openalex.org/W2906581363', 'https://openalex.org/W2917403768', 'https://openalex.org/W2921866483', 'https://openalex.org/W2924578117', 'https://openalex.org/W2938308258', 'https://openalex.org/W2942621614', 'https://openalex.org/W2943335541', 'https://openalex.org/W2971361007', 'https://openalex.org/W2973021197', 'https://openalex.org/W2980542859', 'https://openalex.org/W2982831586', 'https://openalex.org/W2984259452', 'https://openalex.org/W2984338694', 'https://openalex.org/W2984594015', 'https://openalex.org/W2987933200', 'https://openalex.org/W2994331021', 'https://openalex.org/W3003403042', 'https://openalex.org/W3006233208'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385294737', 'https://openalex.org/W4283270985', 'https://openalex.org/W4252946123', 'https://openalex.org/W4249018146', 'https://openalex.org/W4220931416', 'https://openalex.org/W3188370826', 'https://openalex.org/W3177641494', 'https://openalex.org/W3090873765', 'https://openalex.org/W3004611567', 'https://openalex.org/W1619537825'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Cell-based': [0], 'immunotherapies': [1], 'using': [2], 'T': [3, 65], 'cells': [4, 66], 'that': [5, 86], 'are': [6, 16, 33, 59], 'engineered': [7], 'to': [8, 67, 88], 'express': [9], 'a': [10, 43, 109], 'chimeric': [11], 'antigen': [12, 117], 'receptor': [13], '(CAR-T': [14], 'cells)': [15], 'an': [17, 99], 'effective': [18], 'treatment': [19], 'option': [20], 'for': [21], 'several': [22], 'B': [23, 114], 'cell': [24, 31, 38, 78, 115], 'malignancies.': [25], 'Compared': [26], 'with': [27, 108], 'most': [28], 'drugs,': [29], 'CAR-T': [30, 55, 77, 106, 119], 'products': [32], 'highly': [34], 'complex,': [35], 'as': [36, 70, 72], 'each': [37], 'product': [39], 'is': [40], 'composed': [41], 'of': [42, 46, 48, 54, 64, 84, 101, 105], 'heterogeneous': [44], 'mixture': [45], 'millions': [47], 'cells.': [49, 120], 'The': [50], 'biodistribution': [51], 'and': [52, 93, 113], 'kinetics': [53], 'cells,': [56, 107], 'following': [57], 'administration,': [58], 'unique': [60, 103], 'given': [61], 'the': [62, 75, 102], 'ability': [63], 'actively': [68], 'migrate': [69], 'well': [71], 'replicate': [73], 'within': [74], 'patient.': [76], 'therapies': [79], 'also': [80], 'have': [81], 'multiple': [82], 'mechanisms': [83], 'action': [85], 'contribute': [87], 'both': [89], 'their': [90, 94], 'antitumor': [91], 'activity': [92], 'toxicity.': [95], 'This': [96], 'review': [97], 'provides': [98], 'overview': [100], 'pharmacology': [104], 'focus': [110], 'on': [111], 'CD19-targeting': [112], 'maturation': [116], '(BCMA)-targeting': [118]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092240902', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-12T11:21:57.159071', 'created_date': '2020-10-15'}