Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3089797824', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403', 'title': 'Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers: Emerging Regulators of Protozoan Parasites', 'display_name': 'Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers: Emerging Regulators of Protozoan Parasites', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-10-03', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3089797824', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403', 'mag': '3089797824', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33022940', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7600729'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/10/1403/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210236520', 'display_name': 'Biomolecules', 'issn_l': '2218-273X', 'issn': ['2218-273X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/10/1403/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037019675', 'display_name': 'Maryia Karpiyevich', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Maryia Karpiyevich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076196252', 'display_name': 'Katerina Artavanis‐Tsakonas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-1965'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5037019675', 'https://openalex.org/A5076196252'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749', 'https://openalex.org/I241749'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2100, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2273, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2100, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2273, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.718, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.398618, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '10', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '1403', 'last_page': '1403'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11155', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11155', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10890', 'display_name': 'Trypanosoma species research and implications', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12134', 'display_name': 'Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences', 'score': 0.9927, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1109', 'display_name': 'Insect Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nedd8', 'display_name': 'NEDD8', 'score': 0.7755045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/isg15', 'display_name': 'ISG15', 'score': 0.6464395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/atg8', 'display_name': 'ATG8', 'score': 0.5846248}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779231659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6953444', 'display_name': 'NEDD8', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.7755045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.76034963}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C25602115', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407111', 'display_name': 'Ubiquitin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.70445323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780718723', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18034520', 'display_name': 'ISG15', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6464395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780042272', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27548992', 'display_name': 'ATG8', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5846248}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5639571}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778566189', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101274', 'display_name': 'Protozoa', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51338065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203522944', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322', 'display_name': 'Autophagy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5060939}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4405553}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6929976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771881', 'display_name': 'Regulator', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43195176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134459356', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4274835', 'display_name': 'Ubiquitin ligase', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.22979236}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18256938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1654278}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190283241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311', 'display_name': 'Apoptosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000071183', 'descriptor_name': 'Autophagy-Related Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006790', 'descriptor_name': 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011499', 'descriptor_name': 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014452', 'descriptor_name': 'Ubiquitins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000071192', 'descriptor_name': 'Autophagy-Related Protein 12', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000071190', 'descriptor_name': 'Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000075687', 'descriptor_name': 'NEDD8 Protein', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D025842', 'descriptor_name': 'SUMO-1 Protein', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015398', 'descriptor_name': 'Signal Transduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 7, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/10/1403/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210236520', 'display_name': 'Biomolecules', 'issn_l': '2218-273X', 'issn': ['2218-273X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/c7fa9bba03894883a00273a219042424', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/311268', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/4902e5f4-c896-45a3-8a1f-d0e5d05b62b9/download', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401776', 'display_name': 'Apollo (University of Cambridge)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/10/1403/pdf?version=1602675774', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400947', 'display_name': 'MDPI (MDPI AG)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210097602', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097602'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/311062', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/0de2e5ee-860e-4c34-8d1c-8b2f8849420b/download', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401777', 'display_name': 'Apollo (University of Cambridge)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7600729', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33022940', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/10/1403/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210236520', 'display_name': 'Biomolecules', 'issn_l': '2218-273X', 'issn': ['2218-273X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334629', 'funder_display_name': 'Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council', 'award_id': 'BB/R001642/1'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 141, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1534321959', 'https://openalex.org/W1803161348', 'https://openalex.org/W1864563621', 'https://openalex.org/W1957725035', 'https://openalex.org/W1963773259', 'https://openalex.org/W1966976273', 'https://openalex.org/W1968517159', 'https://openalex.org/W1968887194', 'https://openalex.org/W1971756265', 'https://openalex.org/W1973744445', 'https://openalex.org/W1974389826', 'https://openalex.org/W1975092906', 'https://openalex.org/W1977844532', 'https://openalex.org/W1979275431', 'https://openalex.org/W1980541341', 'https://openalex.org/W1986386808', 'https://openalex.org/W1990805979', 'https://openalex.org/W1991923259', 'https://openalex.org/W1992373626', 'https://openalex.org/W1992700010', 'https://openalex.org/W1992831066', 'https://openalex.org/W1993327387', 'https://openalex.org/W1995146769', 'https://openalex.org/W1998271380', 'https://openalex.org/W1999520447', 'https://openalex.org/W1999597112', 'https://openalex.org/W2001591494', 'https://openalex.org/W2002515511', 'https://openalex.org/W2004384571', 'https://openalex.org/W2011585330', 'https://openalex.org/W2012884868', 'https://openalex.org/W2013899838', 'https://openalex.org/W2015063536', 'https://openalex.org/W2016011787', 'https://openalex.org/W2016087274', 'https://openalex.org/W2026421562', 'https://openalex.org/W2026722792', 'https://openalex.org/W2026984235', 'https://openalex.org/W2035134284', 'https://openalex.org/W2038975069', 'https://openalex.org/W2040242144', 'https://openalex.org/W2041618720', 'https://openalex.org/W2042990622', 'https://openalex.org/W2043297824', 'https://openalex.org/W2046414152', 'https://openalex.org/W2046728284', 'https://openalex.org/W2048501270', 'https://openalex.org/W2051569783', 'https://openalex.org/W2054159643', 'https://openalex.org/W2057056314', 'https://openalex.org/W2057294377', 'https://openalex.org/W2066745745', 'https://openalex.org/W2074896776', 'https://openalex.org/W2088354543', 'https://openalex.org/W2092502695', 'https://openalex.org/W2093509030', 'https://openalex.org/W2097659338', 'https://openalex.org/W2099598643', 'https://openalex.org/W2106857602', 'https://openalex.org/W2108455455', 'https://openalex.org/W2111567408', 'https://openalex.org/W2112926644', 'https://openalex.org/W2117176776', 'https://openalex.org/W2117912251', 'https://openalex.org/W2127505755', 'https://openalex.org/W2137161714', 'https://openalex.org/W2138057005', 'https://openalex.org/W2140151996', 'https://openalex.org/W2143538182', 'https://openalex.org/W2144720570', 'https://openalex.org/W2149296898', 'https://openalex.org/W2151877638', 'https://openalex.org/W2158385764', 'https://openalex.org/W2163940928', 'https://openalex.org/W2166895690', 'https://openalex.org/W2166979707', 'https://openalex.org/W2167536088', 'https://openalex.org/W2171637519', 'https://openalex.org/W2175919615', 'https://openalex.org/W2178354439', 'https://openalex.org/W2205762156', 'https://openalex.org/W2231245667', 'https://openalex.org/W2260416586', 'https://openalex.org/W2301522187', 'https://openalex.org/W2316880913', 'https://openalex.org/W2322171201', 'https://openalex.org/W2341901950', 'https://openalex.org/W2367573662', 'https://openalex.org/W2398321173', 'https://openalex.org/W2400942913', 'https://openalex.org/W2472628928', 'https://openalex.org/W2538215728', 'https://openalex.org/W2538382920', 'https://openalex.org/W2539596077', 'https://openalex.org/W2551015878', 'https://openalex.org/W2557751294', 'https://openalex.org/W2567184184', 'https://openalex.org/W2590619668', 'https://openalex.org/W2590813565', 'https://openalex.org/W2593126736', 'https://openalex.org/W2608121643', 'https://openalex.org/W2726400502', 'https://openalex.org/W2734684852', 'https://openalex.org/W2739361034', 'https://openalex.org/W2745948512', 'https://openalex.org/W2763742994', 'https://openalex.org/W2766533816', 'https://openalex.org/W2779006462', 'https://openalex.org/W2785550929', 'https://openalex.org/W2792355617', 'https://openalex.org/W2795830584', 'https://openalex.org/W2800834635', 'https://openalex.org/W2805367049', 'https://openalex.org/W2809714313', 'https://openalex.org/W2871050824', 'https://openalex.org/W288242186', 'https://openalex.org/W2888674959', 'https://openalex.org/W2897702642', 'https://openalex.org/W2901714246', 'https://openalex.org/W2903446536', 'https://openalex.org/W2903924846', 'https://openalex.org/W2910336990', 'https://openalex.org/W2915475451', 'https://openalex.org/W2923635199', 'https://openalex.org/W2936064937', 'https://openalex.org/W2968437537', 'https://openalex.org/W2973323087', 'https://openalex.org/W2981425684', 'https://openalex.org/W2983831270', 'https://openalex.org/W2985586364', 'https://openalex.org/W2987124731', 'https://openalex.org/W2987280576', 'https://openalex.org/W2998173680', 'https://openalex.org/W3003179697', 'https://openalex.org/W3006994528', 'https://openalex.org/W3010773994', 'https://openalex.org/W3012813101', 'https://openalex.org/W3017052015', 'https://openalex.org/W3036729042', 'https://openalex.org/W3084389021', 'https://openalex.org/W4210992500'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3173100559', 'https://openalex.org/W3036229609', 'https://openalex.org/W2560260036', 'https://openalex.org/W2355629357', 'https://openalex.org/W2127995183', 'https://openalex.org/W2073616208', 'https://openalex.org/W2037955447', 'https://openalex.org/W1992831066', 'https://openalex.org/W174610447', 'https://openalex.org/W170671519'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Post-translational': [0], 'protein': [1], 'regulation': [2, 113], 'allows': [3], 'for': [4, 145], 'fine-tuning': [5], 'of': [6, 14, 25, 33, 45, 111, 114, 124, 147], 'cellular': [7, 40, 102], 'functions': [8], 'and': [9, 18, 28, 48, 59, 72, 96, 140], 'involves': [10], 'a': [11], 'wide': [12], 'range': [13], 'modifications,': [15], 'including': [16], 'ubiquitin': [17], 'ubiquitin-like': [19], 'modifiers': [20, 64], '(Ubls).': [21], 'The': [22, 42], 'dynamic': [23], 'balance': [24], 'Ubl': [26, 46, 125], 'conjugation': [27], 'removal': [29], 'shapes': [30], 'the': [31, 121, 133, 152], 'fates': [32], 'target': [34], 'substrates,': [35], 'in': [36, 56, 69, 89, 127], 'turn': [37], 'modulating': [38], 'various': [39], 'processes.': [41], 'mechanistic': [43], 'aspects': [44], 'pathways': [47, 126], 'their': [49, 100, 141], 'biological': [50], 'roles': [51], 'have': [52], 'been': [53], 'largely': [54], 'established': [55], 'yeast,': [57], 'plants,': [58], 'mammalian': [60], 'cells.': [61], 'However,': [62], 'these': [63, 85, 137], 'may': [65], 'be': [66], 'utilised': [67], 'differently': [68], 'highly': [70], 'specialised': [71], 'divergent': [73], 'organisms,': [74], 'such': [75], 'as': [76, 118, 120], 'parasitic': [77, 128], 'protozoa.': [78, 129], 'In': [79], 'this': [80], 'review,': [81], 'we': [82], 'explore': [83], 'how': [84], 'parasites': [86], 'employ': [87], 'Ubls,': [88], 'particular': [90], 'SUMO,': [91], 'NEDD8,': [92], 'ATG8,': [93], 'ATG12,': [94], 'URM1,': [95], 'UFM1,': [97], 'to': [98, 135, 149], 'regulate': [99], 'unconventional': [101], 'physiology.': [103], 'We': [104, 130], 'discuss': [105], 'emerging': [106], 'data': [107], 'that': [108], 'provide': [109], 'evidence': [110], 'Ubl-mediated': [112], 'unique': [115], 'parasite-specific': [116], 'processes,': [117], 'well': [119], 'distinctive': [122], 'features': [123], 'also': [131], 'highlight': [132], 'potential': [134], 'leverage': [136], 'essential': [138], 'regulators': [139], 'cognate': [142], 'enzymatic': [143], 'machinery': [144], 'development': [146], 'therapeutics': [148], 'protect': [150], 'against': [151], 'diseases': [153], 'caused': [154], 'by': [155], 'protozoan': [156], 'parasites.': [157]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3089797824', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-28T23:26:32.164311', 'created_date': '2020-10-08'}