Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3084515308', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-84081/v1', 'title': 'Achromatic diffractive lens limits', 'display_name': 'Achromatic diffractive lens limits', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-10-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3084515308', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-84081/v1', 'mag': '3084515308'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-84081/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-84081/v1.pdf?c=1603329620000', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-84081/v1.pdf?c=1603329620000', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019092820', 'display_name': 'Jacob Engelberg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-914X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I197251160', 'display_name': 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxff017', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jacob Engelberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel', 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014032344', 'display_name': 'Uriel Levy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-1876'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I197251160', 'display_name': 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxff017', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Uriel Levy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel', 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 61}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10245', 'display_name': 'Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10245', 'display_name': 'Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11723', 'display_name': 'Optical Coatings and Gratings', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2508', 'display_name': 'Surfaces, Coatings and Films'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10666', 'display_name': 'Photonic Crystals and Applications', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/achromatic-lens', 'display_name': 'Achromatic lens', 'score': 0.99760634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-lens', 'display_name': 'Simple lens', 'score': 0.5471798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-lens', 'display_name': 'Fresnel lens', 'score': 0.53997314}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121535716', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340600', 'display_name': 'Achromatic lens', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.99760634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.8087778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C509933004', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163', 'display_name': 'Broadband', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7384553}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15336307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051', 'display_name': 'Lens (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6739409}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135000090', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520802', 'display_name': 'Simple lens', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5471798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207114421', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900', 'display_name': 'Diffraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54126513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781358867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14672', 'display_name': 'Fresnel lens', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53997314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4819724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151201525', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239', 'display_name': 'Limit (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.479815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32666504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82552819', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193540', 'display_name': 'Focal length', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.20681223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12623683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-84081/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-84081/v1.pdf?c=1603329620000', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.06008', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.06008', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-84081/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-84081/v1.pdf?c=1603329620000', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1554181939', 'https://openalex.org/W1966343983', 'https://openalex.org/W1968159069', 'https://openalex.org/W1971980297', 'https://openalex.org/W1983348509', 'https://openalex.org/W1992046715', 'https://openalex.org/W1997713514', 'https://openalex.org/W2036632874', 'https://openalex.org/W2048791573', 'https://openalex.org/W2077275283', 'https://openalex.org/W2082018008', 'https://openalex.org/W2085021194', 'https://openalex.org/W2087856906', 'https://openalex.org/W2111245186', 'https://openalex.org/W2167979278', 'https://openalex.org/W2169411586', 'https://openalex.org/W2271456530', 'https://openalex.org/W2415475836', 'https://openalex.org/W2526207245', 'https://openalex.org/W2544397556', 'https://openalex.org/W2581982831', 'https://openalex.org/W2697713079', 'https://openalex.org/W2753590798', 'https://openalex.org/W2780100310', 'https://openalex.org/W2790915754', 'https://openalex.org/W2899838062', 'https://openalex.org/W2901175893', 'https://openalex.org/W2909793686', 'https://openalex.org/W2911926865', 'https://openalex.org/W2944135395', 'https://openalex.org/W2950224632', 'https://openalex.org/W2957357896', 'https://openalex.org/W2964171567', 'https://openalex.org/W2967353915', 'https://openalex.org/W2979617092', 'https://openalex.org/W2979901127', 'https://openalex.org/W2999449143', 'https://openalex.org/W3018933239', 'https://openalex.org/W3020030486', 'https://openalex.org/W3029934368', 'https://openalex.org/W3101974196', 'https://openalex.org/W3105995304', 'https://openalex.org/W3106021851', 'https://openalex.org/W4255249566'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3201996899', 'https://openalex.org/W2996900040', 'https://openalex.org/W2971318788', 'https://openalex.org/W2917985606', 'https://openalex.org/W2795486562', 'https://openalex.org/W2751598766', 'https://openalex.org/W2516456951', 'https://openalex.org/W2149109886', 'https://openalex.org/W2049663899', 'https://openalex.org/W2049383616'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Over': [1], 'the': [2, 35, 57, 80, 83, 120, 158, 170, 182], 'recent': [3, 52], 'years,': [4], 'there': [5], 'have': [6, 28], 'been': [7, 29], 'many': [8], 'reports': [9], 'of': [10, 23, 37, 59, 85, 107, 160, 172, 175, 187, 192], 'achromatic': [11, 25, 60, 86, 94, 126, 161], 'metalenses': [12, 162], 'and': [13, 117, 148, 163, 195, 197, 203], 'diffractive': [14, 70, 87, 95, 127, 164], 'lenses.': [15, 88, 177], 'However,': [16, 62], 'very': [17, 137], 'few': [18], '(if': [19], 'any)': [20], 'practical': [21], 'applications': [22], 'such': [24], 'flat': [26, 176, 188], 'lenses': [27, 39, 96, 128], 'demonstrated,': [30], 'which': [31, 47], 'raises': [32], 'questions': [33], 'about': [34], 'potential': [36, 171], 'these': [38], 'to': [40, 114, 156, 168], 'provide': [41, 130, 144], 'solutions': [42], 'for': [43, 68, 184, 198], 'real': [44], 'world': [45], 'cases': [46], 'involve': [48], 'broadband': [49, 149], 'illumination.': [50], 'A': [51], 'paper': [53, 77], 'placed': [54], 'limits': [55, 81, 159], 'on': [56, 82, 155], 'performance': [58, 84, 134], 'metalenses.': [61], 'is': [63], 'this': [64, 76], 'limit': [65], 'also': [66], 'valid': [67], 'a': [69, 99], 'lens?': [71], 'Not': [72], 'necessarily': [73], 'so.': [74], 'In': [75, 89], 'we': [78, 91, 123], 'derive': [79], 'particular,': [90], 'show': [92, 124], 'that': [93, 125], 'can': [97, 129], 'cover': [98], 'wide': [100], 'spectral': [101], 'range,': [102], 'limited': [103, 133], 'only': [104, 135], 'by': [105, 110], 'loss': [106], 'efficiency': [108], 'caused': [109], 'manufacturing': [111], 'limitations': [112], 'related': [113], 'feature': [115], 'depth': [116], 'size.': [118], 'On': [119], 'other': [121], 'hand,': [122], 'near': [131], 'diffraction': [132], 'at': [136], 'low': [138], 'Fresnel': [139], 'numbers,': [140], 'i.e.': [141], 'they': [142], 'cannot': [143], 'large': [145], 'focusing': [146], 'power': [147], 'response': [150], 'simultaneously.': [151], 'We': [152], 'then': [153], 'go': [154], 'compare': [157], 'lenses,': [165], 'in': [166], 'attempt': [167], 'understand': [169], 'different': [173], 'types': [174], 'Our': [178], 'findings': [179], 'may': [180], 'set': [181], 'ground': [183], 'better': [185], 'evaluation': [186], 'lens': [189], 'performance,': [190], 'understanding': [191], 'their': [193], 'capabilities': [194], 'limitations,': [196], 'exploring': [199], 'novel': [200], 'design': [201], 'concepts': [202], 'applications.': [204]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3084515308', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T19:53:21.249091', 'created_date': '2020-09-21'}