Title: Morphogenetic processes in shoot apical meristem culture of wheat and their relationship
Abstract:Purpose. To study morphogenetic processes in in vitro culture of apical meristem of 3-day-old seedlings of bread winter wheat varieties and to reveal the relationship between them. Methods. There were...Purpose. To study morphogenetic processes in in vitro culture of apical meristem of 3-day-old seedlings of bread winter wheat varieties and to reveal the relationship between them. Methods. There were used 12 bread winter wheat varieties: MIP Kniazhna, Horlytsia myronivska, Rozkishna, Hordovyta, Elehiia, Shchedra nyva, Zira, Statna, MIP Valensiia, Albatros odeskyi, Poliska 90, Podolianka. Methods of plant tissue and organ in vitro culture and statistical evaluation were used. Results. The response of bread winter wheat varieties to in vitro culture of apical meristem of 3-day-old seedlings was investigated and the relationship of morphogenetic processes was studied. Two types of callus by morphophysiological properties were identified: morphogenic and nonmorphogenic one. Development of regenerated plants from wheat calli occurred via both gemmorhizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The variety Podolianka was characterized with the highest regeneration ability; from its explants the greatest numbers of regenerated plants were obtained. The lowest regeneration potential was found in the variety Poliska 90. Strong positive statistically significant correlation (r = 0.84) was established between formation of morphogenic callus and shoot regeneration which indicates the possible existence of general genetic system that controls these processes. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.88) between rhizogenesis and shoot regeneration was revealed. Significant correlation between callus induction and morphogenetic processes was not found, indicating no direct relation between genetic factors which control them. Conclusions. In the varieties studied the frequencies of callus induction and shoot regeneration were defined by genotype of explant. The results obtained contribute to the study of theoretical aspects of in vitro morphogenesis processes in wheat and can be used as elements of biotechnological programs. The variety Podolianka is recommended as a model object for plant cell engineering, as well as for further research in wheat biotechnology.Read More