Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3047797383', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121', 'title': 'Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review of in vitro studies', 'display_name': 'Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review of in vitro studies', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3047797383', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121', 'mag': '3047797383', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33094283', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7566327'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210235363', 'display_name': 'Brain Communications', 'issn_l': '2632-1297', 'issn': ['2632-1297'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020081010', 'display_name': 'Koy Chong Ng Kee Kwong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-0648'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Koy Chong Ng Kee Kwong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088928141', 'display_name': 'Jenna M. Gregory', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-4079'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210126463', 'display_name': 'UK Dementia Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02wedp412', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210126463']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jenna M Gregory', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'https://openalex.org/I4210126463']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091181557', 'display_name': 'Suvankar Pal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-639X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'display_name': 'MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01x802g65', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Suvankar Pal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062181327', 'display_name': 'Siddharthan Chandran', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-1593'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210126463', 'display_name': 'UK Dementia Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02wedp412', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210126463']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'display_name': 'MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01x802g65', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087873', 'display_name': 'Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007wpch15', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799351866', 'https://openalex.org/I3141573830', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087873', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134808']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Siddharthan Chandran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India', 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210126463', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087873']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081243734', 'display_name': 'Arpan R. Mehta', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-5025'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210126463', 'display_name': 'UK Dementia Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02wedp412', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210126463']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'display_name': 'MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01x802g65', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Arpan R Mehta', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK', 'UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210126463', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I98677209']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5081243734'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'https://openalex.org/I4210126463', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108209', 'https://openalex.org/I40120149'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2575, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 3158, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2575, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 3158, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.358, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 13, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.527515, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 89, 'max': 90}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10855', 'display_name': 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10855', 'display_name': 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease", 'score': 0.9276, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11335', 'display_name': 'Prion Diseases: Causes and Molecular Basis', 'score': 0.9226, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria', 'display_name': 'Diagnostic Criteria', 'score': 0.422082}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780596555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206901', 'display_name': 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9758713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779651940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196', 'display_name': 'Cerebrospinal fluid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.91781133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6634532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5790364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109316439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181', 'display_name': 'Cytotoxicity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5567816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.28538927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202751555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681', 'display_name': 'In vitro', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2667559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14050761}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210235363', 'display_name': 'Brain Communications', 'issn_l': '2632-1297', 'issn': ['2632-1297'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/advance-article/doi/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121/5882016', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article-pdf/2/2/fcaa121/33892722/fcaa121.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400321', 'display_name': 'Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Edinburgh'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/2164/18899', 'pdf_url': 'https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/2164/18899/1/Kwong_BC_Cerebrospinal_fluid_cytotoxicity_VOR.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400966', 'display_name': 'Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I195460627', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Aberdeen', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I195460627'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Aberdeen'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/174897980/fcaa121_Final_proof.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/174897980/fcaa121_Final_proof.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400321', 'display_name': 'Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Edinburgh'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566327', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33094283', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa121', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210235363', 'display_name': 'Brain Communications', 'issn_l': '2632-1297', 'issn': ['2632-1297'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320108', 'funder_display_name': 'Motor Neurone Disease Association', 'award_id': 'MR/R001162/1'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320241', 'funder_display_name': 'Academy of Medical Sciences', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320332', 'funder_display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320329730', 'funder_display_name': 'UK Dementia Research Institute', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334626', 'funder_display_name': 'Medical Research Council', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 60, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W132132353', 'https://openalex.org/W1505019802', 'https://openalex.org/W1968794985', 'https://openalex.org/W1972981032', 'https://openalex.org/W1983033348', 'https://openalex.org/W1987338717', 'https://openalex.org/W1989464571', 'https://openalex.org/W1989533240', 'https://openalex.org/W1995504152', 'https://openalex.org/W1995963457', 'https://openalex.org/W1998289889', 'https://openalex.org/W2003618511', 'https://openalex.org/W2023431533', 'https://openalex.org/W2023567967', 'https://openalex.org/W2026188733', 'https://openalex.org/W2028169479', 'https://openalex.org/W2043994334', 'https://openalex.org/W2059431762', 'https://openalex.org/W2073649666', 'https://openalex.org/W2081562696', 'https://openalex.org/W2083505884', 'https://openalex.org/W2116112558', 'https://openalex.org/W2122779544', 'https://openalex.org/W2129432034', 'https://openalex.org/W2140292250', 'https://openalex.org/W2156098321', 'https://openalex.org/W2156385837', 'https://openalex.org/W2170310469', 'https://openalex.org/W2179386711', 'https://openalex.org/W2314689571', 'https://openalex.org/W2398351625', 'https://openalex.org/W2399108975', 'https://openalex.org/W2403004340', 'https://openalex.org/W2404598846', 'https://openalex.org/W2500850723', 'https://openalex.org/W2514290770', 'https://openalex.org/W2515200327', 'https://openalex.org/W2524787240', 'https://openalex.org/W2531459060', 'https://openalex.org/W2561467060', 'https://openalex.org/W2744921233', 'https://openalex.org/W2774752114', 'https://openalex.org/W2775539932', 'https://openalex.org/W2790532602', 'https://openalex.org/W2801208526', 'https://openalex.org/W2805770517', 'https://openalex.org/W2810179126', 'https://openalex.org/W2890542093', 'https://openalex.org/W2948969964', 'https://openalex.org/W2965252952', 'https://openalex.org/W2976902163', 'https://openalex.org/W2981903289', 'https://openalex.org/W2990428837', 'https://openalex.org/W2991792334', 'https://openalex.org/W2995345901', 'https://openalex.org/W3020857036', 'https://openalex.org/W3025465101', 'https://openalex.org/W4230476399', 'https://openalex.org/W4252979096', 'https://openalex.org/W4256513592'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389568370', 'https://openalex.org/W3108674512', 'https://openalex.org/W3047797383', 'https://openalex.org/W3032375762', 'https://openalex.org/W3031052312', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2080531066', 'https://openalex.org/W1995515455', 'https://openalex.org/W1506200166', 'https://openalex.org/W1489783725'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Various': [1], 'studies': [2, 55, 87, 114, 122, 141, 150, 183], 'have': [3], 'suggested': [4], 'that': [5, 56, 216], 'a': [6, 124, 178, 221], 'neurotoxic': [7], 'cerebrospinal': [8, 25, 64, 100, 130, 165, 189, 217], 'fluid': [9, 26, 65, 101, 131, 166, 190, 218], 'profile': [10], 'could': [11, 76], 'be': [12, 78], 'implicated': [13], 'in': [14, 28, 59, 90, 156], 'amyotrophic': [15, 29, 67, 135, 170, 232, 253], 'lateral': [16, 30, 68, 136, 171, 233, 254], 'sclerosis.': [17, 234], 'Here,': [18], 'we': [19], 'systematically': [20], 'review': [21], 'the': [22, 39, 157, 174, 185, 209], 'evidence': [23], 'for': [24, 73], 'cytotoxicity': [27, 58, 191, 219], 'sclerosis': [31, 69, 255], 'and': [32, 50, 80, 96, 105, 192, 199, 225, 246], 'explore': [33], 'its': [34, 243, 249], 'clinical': [35], 'correlates.': [36], 'We': [37], 'searched': [38], 'following': [40, 61, 127, 162], 'databases': [41], 'with': [42, 134, 169, 173, 206], 'no': [43], 'restrictions': [44], 'on': [45], 'publication': [46], 'date:': [47], 'PubMed,': [48], 'Embase': [49], 'Web': [51], 'of': [52, 148, 159, 208, 223, 228, 231], 'Science.': [53], 'All': [54], 'investigated': [57, 184], 'vitro': [60], 'exposure': [62, 103, 128, 163], 'to': [63, 119, 129, 143, 164, 240, 247, 252], 'from': [66, 132, 167], 'patients': [70, 133, 168], 'were': [71, 82, 88], 'considered': [72], 'inclusion.': [74], 'Meta-analysis': [75], 'not': [77], 'performed,': [79], 'findings': [81], 'instead': [83], 'narratively': [84], 'summarized.': [85], 'Twenty-eight': [86], 'included': [89], 'our': [91, 213], 'analysis.': [92], 'Both': [93], 'participant': [94], 'characteristics': [95], 'study': [97, 176], 'conditions': [98], 'including': [99], 'concentration,': [102], 'time': [104], 'culture': [106], 'model': [107], 'varied': [108], 'considerably': [109], 'across': [110], 'studies.': [111], 'Of': [112], '22': [113], 'assessing': [115], 'cell': [116], 'viability': [117], 'relative': [118], 'controls,': [120], '19': [121], 'reported': [123], 'significant': [125, 154], 'decrease': [126], 'sclerosis,': [137, 172], 'while': [138], 'three': [139], 'early': [140], 'failed': [142], 'observe': [144], 'any': [145, 207], 'difference.': [146, 180], 'Seven': [147], 'eight': [149], 'evaluating': [151], 'apoptosis': [152], 'observed': [153], 'increases': [155], 'levels': [158], 'apoptotic': [160], 'markers': [161], 'remaining': [175], 'reporting': [177], 'qualitative': [179], 'Although': [181], 'five': [182], 'possible': [186, 250], 'relationship': [187], 'between': [188], 'patient': [193], 'characteristics,': [194], 'such': [195], 'as': [196], 'age,': [197], 'gender': [198], 'disease': [200], 'duration,': [201], 'none': [202], 'demonstrated': [203], 'an': [204], 'association': [205], 'factors.': [210], 'In': [211], 'conclusion,': [212], 'analysis': [214], 'suggests': [215], 'is': [220], 'feature': [222], 'sporadic': [224], 'possibly': [226], 'also': [227], 'familial': [229], 'forms': [230], 'Further': [235], 'research': [236], 'is,': [237], 'however,': [238], 'required': [239], 'better': [241], 'characterize': [242], 'underlying': [244], 'mechanisms': [245], 'establish': [248], 'contribution': [251], 'pathophysiology.': [256]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3047797383', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-12T01:49:07.816010', 'created_date': '2020-08-13'}