Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3044721763', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182', 'title': 'Nanobodies: Next Generation of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics', 'display_name': 'Nanobodies: Next Generation of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-07-23', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3044721763', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182', 'mag': '3044721763', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32793488', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7390931'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2596394214', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Oncology', 'issn_l': '2234-943X', 'issn': ['2234-943X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003456246', 'display_name': 'Emily Y. Yang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-9634'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Emily Y. Yang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", "Departments of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Departments of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034567480', 'display_name': 'Khalid Shah', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-0974'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'display_name': "Brigham and Women's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04b6nzv94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210157861', 'display_name': 'Harvard Stem Cell Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04kj1hn59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I4210157861']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Khalid Shah', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", "Departments of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", 'Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Departments of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210157861', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5034567480'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1283280774', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I4210157861'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 6.185, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 232, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999346, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '10', 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10602', 'display_name': 'Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11124', 'display_name': 'Protein purification and stability', 'score': 0.991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-therapy', 'display_name': 'Cancer Therapy', 'score': 0.4476284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-medicine', 'display_name': 'Cancer Medicine', 'score': 0.4473155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-treatment', 'display_name': 'Cancer Treatment', 'score': 0.4217209}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-research', 'display_name': 'Translational Research', 'score': 0.41185015}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.63896286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542903549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal antibody', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56227696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121608353', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078', 'display_name': 'Cancer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5505585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C163763905', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943', 'display_name': 'Precision medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47273389}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2983331546', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078', 'display_name': 'Cancer therapy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4476284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776040879', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27724564', 'display_name': 'Cancer Medicine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4473155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019816032', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340', 'display_name': 'Cancer treatment', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4217209}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C128544194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859', 'display_name': 'Translational research', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41185015}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36573607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60644358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570', 'display_name': 'Bioinformatics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34475836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502942594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914', 'display_name': 'Cancer research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33110666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159654299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460', 'display_name': 'Antibody', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.31628123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28428954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17016551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14130256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12299162}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2596394214', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Oncology', 'issn_l': '2234-943X', 'issn': ['2234-943X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/fdc1e42810b24a19abd934c07d0e1e6c', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390931', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32793488', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2596394214', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Oncology', 'issn_l': '2234-943X', 'issn': ['2234-943X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.57}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 226, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1533229981', 'https://openalex.org/W156684494', 'https://openalex.org/W1890326313', 'https://openalex.org/W1975633473', 'https://openalex.org/W1976143207', 'https://openalex.org/W1978337610', 'https://openalex.org/W1978481265', 'https://openalex.org/W1980251946', 'https://openalex.org/W1982986559', 'https://openalex.org/W1983635084', 'https://openalex.org/W1985011852', 'https://openalex.org/W1986428879', 'https://openalex.org/W1988176721', 'https://openalex.org/W1988549330', 'https://openalex.org/W1996701886', 'https://openalex.org/W1996813635', 'https://openalex.org/W2010533241', 'https://openalex.org/W2011034592', 'https://openalex.org/W2019234742', 'https://openalex.org/W2024971144', 'https://openalex.org/W2030205190', 'https://openalex.org/W2033079214', 'https://openalex.org/W2035391106', 'https://openalex.org/W2037042031', 'https://openalex.org/W2043330120', 'https://openalex.org/W2049772098', 'https://openalex.org/W2059650522', 'https://openalex.org/W2059734498', 'https://openalex.org/W2060394472', 'https://openalex.org/W2067860730', 'https://openalex.org/W2076649417', 'https://openalex.org/W2078690454', 'https://openalex.org/W2084322562', 'https://openalex.org/W2088080828', 'https://openalex.org/W2090916171', 'https://openalex.org/W2095553811', 'https://openalex.org/W2099070076', 'https://openalex.org/W2099090318', 'https://openalex.org/W2101327971', 'https://openalex.org/W2103648543', 'https://openalex.org/W2108585358', 'https://openalex.org/W2119812267', 'https://openalex.org/W2126498651', 'https://openalex.org/W2132357059', 'https://openalex.org/W2136504336', 'https://openalex.org/W2140199061', 'https://openalex.org/W2140302457', 'https://openalex.org/W2141468679', 'https://openalex.org/W2142922871', 'https://openalex.org/W2148503684', 'https://openalex.org/W2149218172', 'https://openalex.org/W2153503559', 'https://openalex.org/W2157200400', 'https://openalex.org/W2158660387', 'https://openalex.org/W2165221740', 'https://openalex.org/W2165964633', 'https://openalex.org/W2168017406', 'https://openalex.org/W2172155995', 'https://openalex.org/W2176571666', 'https://openalex.org/W2185510999', 'https://openalex.org/W2194742577', 'https://openalex.org/W2195721004', 'https://openalex.org/W2226721696', 'https://openalex.org/W2233887337', 'https://openalex.org/W2239740340', 'https://openalex.org/W2267000627', 'https://openalex.org/W2296859605', 'https://openalex.org/W2298328763', 'https://openalex.org/W2304282277', 'https://openalex.org/W2317056394', 'https://openalex.org/W2319474256', 'https://openalex.org/W2319963189', 'https://openalex.org/W2330144095', 'https://openalex.org/W2338137965', 'https://openalex.org/W2339658610', 'https://openalex.org/W2343861500', 'https://openalex.org/W2343904215', 'https://openalex.org/W2379702652', 'https://openalex.org/W2397417114', 'https://openalex.org/W2409851494', 'https://openalex.org/W2443861673', 'https://openalex.org/W2462588458', 'https://openalex.org/W2473431032', 'https://openalex.org/W2474964647', 'https://openalex.org/W2508697147', 'https://openalex.org/W2512802152', 'https://openalex.org/W2517094989', 'https://openalex.org/W2521113002', 'https://openalex.org/W2521780950', 'https://openalex.org/W2550146590', 'https://openalex.org/W2557073912', 'https://openalex.org/W2557128364', 'https://openalex.org/W2586278706', 'https://openalex.org/W2588012190', 'https://openalex.org/W2592103537', 'https://openalex.org/W2593598724', 'https://openalex.org/W2594285109', 'https://openalex.org/W2596079311', 'https://openalex.org/W2600864379', 'https://openalex.org/W2603528121', 'https://openalex.org/W2604734772', 'https://openalex.org/W2610778602', 'https://openalex.org/W2614367271', 'https://openalex.org/W2616950854', 'https://openalex.org/W2619645085', 'https://openalex.org/W2626524213', 'https://openalex.org/W2661063555', 'https://openalex.org/W2733010680', 'https://openalex.org/W2739323872', 'https://openalex.org/W2740293623', 'https://openalex.org/W2745116388', 'https://openalex.org/W2748128788', 'https://openalex.org/W2749041432', 'https://openalex.org/W2749776508', 'https://openalex.org/W2750288137', 'https://openalex.org/W2753470570', 'https://openalex.org/W2754901959', 'https://openalex.org/W2756160868', 'https://openalex.org/W2756733876', 'https://openalex.org/W2762641004', 'https://openalex.org/W2765676383', 'https://openalex.org/W2766831681', 'https://openalex.org/W2767021423', 'https://openalex.org/W2771996363', 'https://openalex.org/W2773030148', 'https://openalex.org/W2785225490', 'https://openalex.org/W2785484365', 'https://openalex.org/W2788175692', 'https://openalex.org/W2788587230', 'https://openalex.org/W2791782653', 'https://openalex.org/W2792100554', 'https://openalex.org/W2793459315', 'https://openalex.org/W2795318100', 'https://openalex.org/W2795952472', 'https://openalex.org/W2800241970', 'https://openalex.org/W2803245987', 'https://openalex.org/W2803885662', 'https://openalex.org/W2804322357', 'https://openalex.org/W2805046388', 'https://openalex.org/W2806559245', 'https://openalex.org/W2808315370', 'https://openalex.org/W2856442226', 'https://openalex.org/W2883348951', 'https://openalex.org/W2883609523', 'https://openalex.org/W2885325788', 'https://openalex.org/W2887471070', 'https://openalex.org/W2888780203', 'https://openalex.org/W2889029945', 'https://openalex.org/W2889396292', 'https://openalex.org/W2890084495', 'https://openalex.org/W2891010593', 'https://openalex.org/W2892279874', 'https://openalex.org/W2893890930', 'https://openalex.org/W2896153329', 'https://openalex.org/W2896640337', 'https://openalex.org/W2900183473', 'https://openalex.org/W2901028592', 'https://openalex.org/W2901164196', 'https://openalex.org/W2901464794', 'https://openalex.org/W2901615225', 'https://openalex.org/W2902127185', 'https://openalex.org/W2902953998', 'https://openalex.org/W2904734978', 'https://openalex.org/W2909615207', 'https://openalex.org/W2910618797', 'https://openalex.org/W2913578637', 'https://openalex.org/W2913931363', 'https://openalex.org/W2914124133', 'https://openalex.org/W2914288969', 'https://openalex.org/W2917613252', 'https://openalex.org/W2917981241', 'https://openalex.org/W2919537825', 'https://openalex.org/W2920278787', 'https://openalex.org/W2921444342', 'https://openalex.org/W2921917792', 'https://openalex.org/W2922016298', 'https://openalex.org/W2927684362', 'https://openalex.org/W2931647368', 'https://openalex.org/W2932936611', 'https://openalex.org/W2941820392', 'https://openalex.org/W2944211738', 'https://openalex.org/W2944745394', 'https://openalex.org/W2944833659', 'https://openalex.org/W2945089243', 'https://openalex.org/W2948125905', 'https://openalex.org/W2948217838', 'https://openalex.org/W2950319031', 'https://openalex.org/W2951379712', 'https://openalex.org/W2952065098', 'https://openalex.org/W2954081076', 'https://openalex.org/W2955245896', 'https://openalex.org/W2961625504', 'https://openalex.org/W2963492948', 'https://openalex.org/W2964591487', 'https://openalex.org/W2964788275', 'https://openalex.org/W2966643570', 'https://openalex.org/W2969928291', 'https://openalex.org/W2971798461', 'https://openalex.org/W2971824902', 'https://openalex.org/W2972121783', 'https://openalex.org/W2972225524', 'https://openalex.org/W2972228008', 'https://openalex.org/W2972688794', 'https://openalex.org/W2972790026', 'https://openalex.org/W2974137843', 'https://openalex.org/W2976215952', 'https://openalex.org/W2976239299', 'https://openalex.org/W2978301128', 'https://openalex.org/W2979936014', 'https://openalex.org/W2980703711', 'https://openalex.org/W2980982775', 'https://openalex.org/W2989369401', 'https://openalex.org/W2991890880', 'https://openalex.org/W2994908939', 'https://openalex.org/W2994941310', 'https://openalex.org/W2995396747', 'https://openalex.org/W2995623393', 'https://openalex.org/W2996549296', 'https://openalex.org/W2997128620', 'https://openalex.org/W2998292126', 'https://openalex.org/W2998721976', 'https://openalex.org/W3003846600', 'https://openalex.org/W3004471226', 'https://openalex.org/W3004618835', 'https://openalex.org/W3005310674', 'https://openalex.org/W3005566802'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390421658', 'https://openalex.org/W4388960574', 'https://openalex.org/W4200430287', 'https://openalex.org/W3213966216', 'https://openalex.org/W3083260722', 'https://openalex.org/W3025307698', 'https://openalex.org/W2947792471', 'https://openalex.org/W2808578253', 'https://openalex.org/W2751210758', 'https://openalex.org/W2292763272'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'development': [1], 'of': [2, 59], 'targeted': [3], 'medicine': [4], 'has': [5, 66], 'greatly': [6], 'expanded': [7], 'treatment': [8, 26], 'options': [9], 'and': [10, 48, 73, 84], 'spurred': [11], 'new': [12], 'research': [13], 'avenues': [14], 'in': [15, 27, 71, 82], 'cancer': [16, 83], 'therapeutics,': [17], 'with': [18], 'monoclonal': [19], 'antibodies': [20], '(mAbs)': [21], 'emerging': [22], 'as': [23, 39], 'a': [24], 'prevalent': [25], 'recent': [28, 57], 'years.': [29], 'With': [30], 'mixed': [31], 'clinical': [32, 74], 'success,': [33], 'mAbs': [34], 'still': [35], 'hold': [36], 'significant': [37, 68], 'shortcomings,': [38], 'they': [40], 'possess': [41], 'limited': [42], 'tumor': [43], 'penetration,': [44], 'high': [45], 'manufacturing': [46], 'costs,': [47], 'the': [49, 56, 61, 92], 'potential': [50, 70], 'to': [51], 'develop': [52], 'therapeutic': [53], 'resistance.': [54], 'However,': [55], 'discovery': [58], '"nanobodies,"': [60], 'smallest-known': [62], 'functional': [63], 'antibody': [64], 'fragment,': [65], 'demonstrated': [67], 'translational': [69], 'preclinical': [72], 'studies.': [75], 'This': [76], 'review': [77], 'highlights': [78], 'their': [79, 86, 89], 'various': [80], 'applications': [81], 'analyzes': [85], 'trajectory': [87], 'toward': [88], 'translation': [90], 'into': [91], 'clinic.': [93]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3044721763', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 47}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 71}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 54}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 49}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-15T22:09:48.412803', 'created_date': '2020-07-29'}