Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W30414252', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1512422', 'title': 'Golden Gray and the Talking Book: Identity as a Site of Artful Construction in Toni Morrison\'s "Jazz"', 'display_name': 'Golden Gray and the Talking Book: Identity as a Site of Artful Construction in Toni Morrison\'s "Jazz"', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W30414252', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1512422', 'mag': '30414252'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1512422', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S43621796', 'display_name': 'African American Review', 'issn_l': '1062-4783', 'issn': ['1062-4783', '1945-6182'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315692', 'host_organization_name': 'Saint Louis University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315692'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Saint Louis University'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027116193', 'display_name': 'Caroline Brown', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Caroline Brown', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5027116193'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.887935, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 75, 'max': 76}, 'biblio': {'volume': '36', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '629', 'last_page': '629'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11113', 'display_name': 'Music History and Culture', 'score': 0.984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1210', 'display_name': 'Music'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11113', 'display_name': 'Music History and Culture', 'score': 0.984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1210', 'display_name': 'Music'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12765', 'display_name': 'Race, History, and American Society', 'score': 0.9355, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/jazz', 'display_name': 'Jazz', 'score': 0.91641927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gray', 'display_name': 'Gray (unit)', 'score': 0.7388158}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2980749', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8341', 'display_name': 'Jazz', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.91641927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166275286', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095', 'display_name': 'Gray (unit)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7388158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6626677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52119013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637', 'display_name': 'Art history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5420654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778355321', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427', 'display_name': 'Identity (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49905753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124952713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242', 'display_name': 'Literature', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35894513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153349607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649', 'display_name': 'Visual arts', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3473821}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107038049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986', 'display_name': 'Aesthetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22881112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1512422', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S43621796', 'display_name': 'African American Review', 'issn_l': '1062-4783', 'issn': ['1062-4783', '1945-6182'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315692', 'host_organization_name': 'Saint Louis University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315692'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Saint Louis University'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.64, 'display_name': 'No poverty', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W14798208', 'https://openalex.org/W1521255306', 'https://openalex.org/W1530663994', 'https://openalex.org/W1973082109', 'https://openalex.org/W1976028111', 'https://openalex.org/W1978612794', 'https://openalex.org/W1989936927', 'https://openalex.org/W2058531494', 'https://openalex.org/W2133483507', 'https://openalex.org/W2313865054', 'https://openalex.org/W2797939723', 'https://openalex.org/W2798102863', 'https://openalex.org/W2966934543', 'https://openalex.org/W54823997'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385518515', 'https://openalex.org/W4383665368', 'https://openalex.org/W3169573542', 'https://openalex.org/W3152899454', 'https://openalex.org/W2990126460', 'https://openalex.org/W2978749616', 'https://openalex.org/W2925474652', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2593404310', 'https://openalex.org/W105455386'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Jazz,': [0], 'the': [1, 17, 21, 35, 56, 63, 72, 78, 93, 100, 109, 114, 188, 224, 227, 295, 301, 304, 315, 330, 334, 338, 357, 368, 384, 404, 408, 411, 420, 426, 431, 435, 442, 480, 490, 507, 511, 521, 523, 560, 588, 593, 609], 'product': [2], 'of': [3, 20, 27, 29, 46, 58, 66, 95, 150, 191, 229, 283, 298, 303, 332, 336, 387, 399, 410, 422, 438, 465, 489, 497, 525], 'slavery,': [4], 'segregation,': [5], 'poverty,': [6], 'and': [7, 32, 51, 60, 99, 123, 126, 130, 132, 200, 279, 288, 342, 380, 401, 449, 460, 474, 487, 533, 547, 578], 'disenfranchisement,': [8], 'is': [9, 54, 82, 169, 319, 327, 367, 391, 472, 503], 'many': [10], 'things:': [11], 'a': [12, 23, 138, 219, 232, 470, 495, 530, 535], 'complicated': [13], 'anger': [14], 'Uazz': [15], '59);': [16], 'carefree': [18], 'indulgence': [19], 'now;': [22], 'marginalized': [24], "population's": [25], 'assertion': [26], 'selfhood,': [28], 'cultural': [30], 'vitality': [31], 'artistic': [33], 'pride;': [34], 'hope': [36], 'for': [37, 69, 257, 581, 592], 'musical': [38, 427], 'synthesis': [39], 'through': [40, 86, 300, 359, 370, 506, 575], 'conflict.': [41], 'Created': [42], 'in': [43, 137, 174, 214, 396], 'an': [44, 458, 518], 'era': [45], 'socially': [47], 'sanctioned': [48], 'African-American': [49], 'invisibility': [50], 'stigmatization,': [52], 'it': [53, 81, 88, 203, 208, 318], 'also': [55, 586], 'affirmation': [57], 'individual': [59, 416], 'group': [61], 'worth:': [62], "soul's": [64, 79], 'manifestation': [65], 'its': [67, 70, 325, 361], 'love': [68, 217, 230], 'complement,': [71], 'rejected': [73, 597], 'flesh.': [74], 'A': [75], 'tribute': [76], 'to': [77, 146, 340, 350, 429, 499], 'resilience,': [80], 'ultimately': [83], 'one': [84, 235], 'process': [85, 358], 'which': [87, 360, 371, 539], 'may': [89], 'heal': [90], 'itself.': [91], 'Of': [92], 'intersection': [94], 'jazz': [96, 243, 280, 512], 'music,': [97], 'history,': [98], 'erotic,': [101], 'Toni': [102], 'Morrison': [103, 348, 418], 'states:': [104], 'At': [105], 'that': [106, 120, 153, 253, 374, 445], 'time,': [107], 'when': [108, 143], 'ex-slaves': [110], 'were': [111, 136], 'moving': [112], 'into': [113, 383, 434, 441, 457, 486, 520, 549], 'city,': [115], 'running': [116], 'away': [117], 'from': [118, 479], 'something': [119, 158], 'was': [121, 209, 218], 'constricting': [122], 'killing': [124], 'them': [125, 128], 'dispossessing': [127], 'over': [129, 131, 133], 'again,': [134], 'they': [135, 154, 558], 'very': [139], 'limiting': [140], 'environment.': [141], 'But': [142, 167], 'you': [144, 216], 'listen': [145], 'their': [147, 210, 246, 274, 364, 439, 563], 'music--the': [148], 'beginnings': [149], 'jazz--you': [151], 'realized': [152], 'are': [155, 161, 378], 'talking': [156, 162], 'about': [157, 163, 165, 321], 'else.': [159], 'They': [160], 'love,': [164, 195, 310], 'loss.': [166], 'there': [168], 'such': [170, 172], 'grandeur,': [171], 'satisfaction': [173], 'those': [175, 372, 388], 'lyrics....': [176], 'the/re': [177], 'never': [178, 320], "happy--somebody's": [179], 'always': [180], 'leaving--but': [181], "they're": [182], 'not': [183], 'whining.': [184], "It's": [185], 'as': [186, 231, 268, 347, 494, 517, 529], 'though': [187], 'whole': [189], 'tragedy': [190], 'choosing': [192], 'somebody,': [193], 'risking': [194, 196, 198], 'emotion,': [197], 'sensuality,': [199], 'then': [201], 'losing': [202], 'all': [204], "didn't": [205], 'matter,': [206], 'since': [207], 'choice.': [211], 'Exercising': [212], 'choice': [213], 'who': [215, 264, 271, 595], 'major,': [220], 'major': [221], 'thing.': [222], 'And': [223], 'music': [225], 'reinforced': [226], 'idea': [228], 'space': [233], 'where': [234], 'could': [236], 'negotiate': [237], 'freedom.': [238], 'For': [239], 'some': [240], 'black': [241], 'people': [242, 258], 'meant': [244, 256], 'claiming': [245], 'own': [363], 'bodies.': [248], 'You': [249], 'can': [250], 'imagine': [251], 'what': [252], 'must': [254, 571, 585], 'have': [255], 'whose': [259], 'bodies': [260], 'had': [261, 265], 'been': [262, 266], 'owned,': [263], 'slaves': [267], 'children,': [269], 'or': [270], 'remem': [272], 'bered': [273], "parents'": [275], 'being': [276], 'slaves.': [277], 'Blues': [278], 'represented': [281], 'ownership': [282], "one's": [352], 'emotions.': [354], '(Schappell': [287], 'Brodsky': [289], '365)': [290], 'Jazz': [291, 355], 'is,': [292], 'quite': [293], 'literally,': [294], 'textual': [296], 'negotiation': [297], 'freedom': [299], 'grammar': [302], 'erotic.': [305], 'The': [306], 'erotic--sexual': [307], 'hunger,': [308], 'romantic': [309], 'dangerous': [311], 'desire,': [312], 'sensual': [313], 'pleasure--drives': [314], 'narrative.': [316, 492], 'Still,': [317], 'itself': [322, 528], 'alone.': [323], 'Rather,': [324], 'extravagance': [326], 'propelled': [328], 'by': [329, 510], 'narcotic': [331], 'freedom,': [333], 'luxury': [335], 'asserting': [337], 'right': [339], 'choose': [341], 'shape': [343], 'destiny,': [345], 'and,': [346], 'maintains,': [349], 'becomes': [356], 'protagonists': [362], 'It': [366], 'ritual': [369], 'experiences': [373], 'inform': [375], 'these': [376], 'emotions': [377], 'reclaimed': [379], 'thus': [381], 'reincorporated': [382], 'psychic': [385], 'fiber': [386], 'lives.': [389], 'This': [390], 'nowhere': [392], 'more': [393], 'obvious': [394], 'than': [395], "Morrison's": [397], 'depiction': [398], 'Joe': [400], 'Violet': [402], 'Trace,': [403], 'embattled': [405], 'couple': [406], 'at': [407, 562], 'heart': [409, 524], 'novel.': [412], 'Through': [413], 'each': [414], "spouse's": [415], 'narrative,': [417], 'recreates': [419], 'cycles': [421], 'jazz,': [423, 526], 'relying': [424], 'on': [425], 'idiom': [428], 'trace': [430], "characters'": [432], 'descent': [433], 'haunting': [436], 'territory': [437], 'souls,': [440], 'spiritual': [443], 'hunger': [444], 'drives': [446], 'physical': [447], 'compulsion': [448], 'emotional': [450], 'distress.': [451], 'Thus': [452], "Violet's": [453], 'account,': [454], 'her': [455, 466, 500], 'plunge': [456], 'aggressive': [459], 'eccentric': [461], 'egotism': [462], 'upon': [463], 'learning': [464], "husband's": [467], 'betrayal': [468], 'with': [469, 608], 'teenager,': [471], 'noisy': [473], 'frantic.': [475], 'Her': [476], 'words,': [477, 545], 'seized': [478], 'third-person': [481], 'narrator,': [482], 'veer': [483], 'almost': [484], 'haphazardly': [485], 'out': [488], 'ongoing': [491], 'However,': [493], 'consequence': [496], 'returning': [498], 'past,': [501], 'she': [502], 'eventually': [504], 'reborn': [505], 'chaos': [508], 'symbolized': [509], 'process.': [513], "Joe's": [514], 'journey,': [515], 'configured': [516], 'immersion': [519], 'blues,': [522], 'manifests': [527], 'depression,': [531], 'solitary': [532], 'torpid,': [534], 'metaphorical': [536], 'cave': [537], 'within': [538], 'he': [540, 570], 'has': [541], 'interred': [542], 'himself.': [543], 'His': [544], 'orderly': [546], 'falling': [548], 'ti': [550], 'dy': [551], 'quotes,': [552], 'reveal': [553], 'his': [554, 567, 576, 582, 603], 'seeming': [555], 'discipline.': [556], 'Yet': [557], 'hide': [559], 'rage': [561], 'core.': [564], 'Having': [565], 'murdered': [566], 'teenaged': [568], 'mistress,': [569], 'atone': [572], 'psychologically,': [573], 'working': [574], 'guilt,': [577], 'accepting': [579], 'responsibility': [580], 'actions.': [583], 'He': [584], 'identify': [587], 'conflicted': [589], 'maternal': [590], 'longing': [591], 'woman': [594], 'initially': [596], 'him--his': [598], 'cave-dwelling,': [599], 'feral': [600], 'mother,': [601], 'whom': [602], 'tortured': [604], 'consciousness': [605], 'finally': [606], 'confuses': [607], 'equally': [610], 'rejecting': [611], 'Dorcas.': [612], '…': [613]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W30414252', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T01:46:03.261428', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}