Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3037040187', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3003719', 'title': 'Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive User Association in Dynamic mmWave Networks', 'display_name': 'Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive User Association in Dynamic mmWave Networks', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-06-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3037040187', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3003719', 'mag': '3037040187'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3003719', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S63459445', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications', 'issn_l': '1536-1276', 'issn': ['1536-1276', '1558-2248'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/file/TWC_ID_Paper_TW_Dec_19_1511_R2.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028270135', 'display_name': 'Mohamed Sana', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-5840'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'display_name': "Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jjx8s55', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049', 'display_name': 'CEA LETI', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mf0wv34', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'https://openalex.org/I4210117989', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mohamed Sana', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045740906', 'display_name': 'Antonio De Domenico', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1229-4045'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210123571', 'display_name': 'Huawei Technologies (France)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02rbzf697', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2250955327', 'https://openalex.org/I4210123571']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'display_name': "Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jjx8s55', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049', 'display_name': 'CEA LETI', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mf0wv34', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'https://openalex.org/I4210117989', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Antonio De Domenico', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France', 'Huawei Technologies France, Boulogne Billancourt, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Huawei Technologies France, Boulogne Billancourt, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210123571']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004681822', 'display_name': 'Wei Yu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-422X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wei Yu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015369603', 'display_name': 'Yves Lostanlen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yves Lostanlen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050392672', 'display_name': 'Emilio Calvanese Strinati', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-8478'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049', 'display_name': 'CEA LETI', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mf0wv34', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'https://openalex.org/I4210117989', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150049']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'display_name': "Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jjx8s55', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Emilio Calvanese Strinati', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150049', 'https://openalex.org/I2738703131']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.653, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 52, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999983, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '6520', 'last_page': '6534'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10936', 'display_name': 'Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10936', 'display_name': 'Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10148', 'display_name': 'Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10262', 'display_name': 'Microwave Engineering and Waveguides', 'score': 0.9909, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/information-exchange', 'display_name': 'Information exchange', 'score': 0.5203378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/association', 'display_name': 'Association (psychology)', 'score': 0.41742384}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.83179724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97541855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687', 'display_name': 'Reinforcement learning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.82329345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120314980', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634', 'display_name': 'Distributed computing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.61016655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5613855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779960059', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681', 'display_name': 'Overhead (engineering)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48044578', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490', 'display_name': 'Scalability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5453976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189693848', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064', 'display_name': 'Information exchange', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5203378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158207573', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224', 'display_name': 'Heterogeneous network', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44658452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142853389', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778', 'display_name': 'Association (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41742384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40283918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108037233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375', 'display_name': 'Wireless network', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.34622133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555944384', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249', 'display_name': 'Wireless', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2517454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20503259}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14423525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3003719', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S63459445', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications', 'issn_l': '1536-1276', 'issn': ['1536-1276', '1558-2248'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/file/TWC_ID_Paper_TW_Dec_19_1511_R2.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/file/TWC_ID_Paper_TW_Dec_19_1511_R2.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/document', 'pdf_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/document', 'source': None, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09066', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09066', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/file/TWC_ID_Paper_TW_Dec_19_1511_R2.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://cea.hal.science/cea-04549215/file/TWC_ID_Paper_TW_Dec_19_1511_R2.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334593', 'funder_display_name': 'Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2004199927', 'https://openalex.org/W206679605', 'https://openalex.org/W2096145798', 'https://openalex.org/W2099618002', 'https://openalex.org/W2108892923', 'https://openalex.org/W2141840507', 'https://openalex.org/W2145339207', 'https://openalex.org/W2173564293', 'https://openalex.org/W2563551472', 'https://openalex.org/W2584377191', 'https://openalex.org/W2604873668', 'https://openalex.org/W2739778833', 'https://openalex.org/W2788350651', 'https://openalex.org/W2789328094', 'https://openalex.org/W2807731816', 'https://openalex.org/W2898754723', 'https://openalex.org/W2901656323', 'https://openalex.org/W2905258433', 'https://openalex.org/W2916432388', 'https://openalex.org/W2955715866', 'https://openalex.org/W2962755172', 'https://openalex.org/W2962938178', 'https://openalex.org/W2963363746', 'https://openalex.org/W2968352474', 'https://openalex.org/W2969077220', 'https://openalex.org/W3010636841', 'https://openalex.org/W3015217037', 'https://openalex.org/W3103926693', 'https://openalex.org/W4205279868'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3100451096', 'https://openalex.org/W2928233854', 'https://openalex.org/W2914383144', 'https://openalex.org/W2779515473', 'https://openalex.org/W2768955085', 'https://openalex.org/W2366251550', 'https://openalex.org/W2183862607', 'https://openalex.org/W2140682030', 'https://openalex.org/W2138917150', 'https://openalex.org/W1584888409'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Network': [0], 'densification': [1], 'and': [2, 12, 47, 69, 108], 'millimeter-wave': [3], 'technologies': [4], 'are': [5, 89], 'key': [6], 'enablers': [7], 'to': [8, 35, 42, 48, 65, 70, 83, 93, 135, 142, 172, 174, 187], 'fulfill': [9], 'the': [10, 17, 37, 43, 49, 57, 72, 75, 80, 144, 155, 160, 167], 'capacity': [11], 'data': [13], 'rate': [14], 'requirements': [15], 'of': [16, 21, 177], 'fifth': [18], 'generation': [19], '(5G)': [20], 'mobile': [22], 'networks.': [23, 96], 'In': [24, 55, 97, 119], 'this': [25, 98, 102, 120], 'context,': [26], 'designing': [27, 105], 'low-complexity': [28], 'policies': [29], 'with': [30, 40], 'local': [31, 131], 'observations,': [32], 'yet': [33], 'able': [34, 171], 'adapt': [36, 173], 'user': [38, 112], 'association': [39, 73, 113], 'respect': [41], 'global': [44, 66], 'network': [45, 50, 67, 145], 'state': [46], 'dynamics': [51], 'is': [52, 149, 170], 'a': [53, 106], 'challenge.': [54], 'fact,': [56], 'frameworks': [58], 'proposed': [59, 168], 'in': [60, 140, 185], 'literature': [61], 'require': [62], 'continuous': [63], 'access': [64], 'information': [68, 152], 'recompute': [71], 'when': [74], 'radio': [76, 178], 'environment': [77], 'changes.': [78], 'With': [79], 'complexity': [81], 'associated': [82], 'such': [84], 'an': [85], 'approach,': [86, 121], 'these': [87], 'solutions': [88], 'not': [90], 'well': [91], 'suited': [92], 'dense': [94], '5G': [95], 'paper,': [99], 'we': [100, 157], 'address': [101], 'issue': [103], 'by': [104], 'scalable': [107], 'flexible': [109], 'algorithm': [110, 169], 'for': [111], 'based': [114, 128], 'on': [115, 129], 'multi-agent': [116], 'reinforcement': [117], 'learning.': [118], 'users': [122], 'act': [123], 'as': [124], 'independent': [125], 'agents': [126], 'that,': [127], 'their': [130, 138], 'observations': [132], 'only,': [133], 'learn': [134], 'autonomously': [136], 'coordinate': [137], 'actions': [139], 'order': [141], 'optimize': [143], 'sum-rate.': [146], 'Since': [147], 'there': [148], 'no': [150], 'direct': [151], 'exchange': [153], 'among': [154], 'agents,': [156], 'also': [158], 'limit': [159], 'signaling': [161], 'overhead.': [162], 'Simulation': [163], 'results': [164], 'show': [165], 'that': [166], '(fast)': [175], 'changes': [176], 'environment,': [179], 'thus': [180], 'providing': [181], 'large': [182], 'sum-rate': [183], 'gain': [184], 'comparison': [186], 'state-of-the-art': [188], 'solutions.': [189]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3037040187', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T02:45:59.951876', 'created_date': '2020-07-02'}