Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3035737197', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2933', 'title': 'Multigroup, Adaptively Randomized Trials Are Advantageous for Comparing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Interventions', 'display_name': 'Multigroup, Adaptively Randomized Trials Are Advantageous for Comparing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Interventions', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-06-11', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3035737197', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2933', 'mag': '3035737197', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525715', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7322770'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2933', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S119722071', 'display_name': 'Annals of Internal Medicine', 'issn_l': '0003-4819', 'issn': ['0003-4819', '1539-3704'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316812', 'host_organization_name': 'American College of Physicians', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316812'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American College of Physicians'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'editorial', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7322770?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022484957', 'display_name': 'Amalia Magaret', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-3746'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'display_name': 'Fred Hutch Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ps6h72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amalia S. Magaret', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021450976', 'display_name': 'Shevin T. Jacob', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-9394'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I194839184', 'display_name': 'Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03svjbs84', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194839184']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shevin T. Jacob', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.T.J.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.T.J.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I194839184', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009012039', 'display_name': 'M. Elizabeth Halloran', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3127-1757'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'display_name': 'Fred Hutch Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ps6h72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Elizabeth Halloran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048654505', 'display_name': 'Katherine A. Guthrie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8280'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'display_name': 'Fred Hutch Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ps6h72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Katherine A. Guthrie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (K.A.G., C.A.M.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (K.A.G., C.A.M.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032506147', 'display_name': 'Craig A. Magaret', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-2664'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'display_name': 'Fred Hutch Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ps6h72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Craig A. Magaret', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (K.A.G., C.A.M.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (K.A.G., C.A.M.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076785142', 'display_name': 'Christine Johnston', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-0843'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'display_name': 'Fred Hutch Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ps6h72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christine Johnston', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087655518', 'display_name': 'Noah Simon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-2474'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Noah R. Simon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.R.S.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.R.S.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052928140', 'display_name': 'Anna Wald', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-6438'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'display_name': 'Fred Hutch Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ps6h72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anna Wald', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (A.S.M., M.E.H., C.J., A.W.)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089486', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.62963, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 73, 'max': 77}, 'biblio': {'volume': '173', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '576', 'last_page': '577'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10845', 'display_name': 'Advanced Causal Inference Techniques', 'score': 0.9966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11914', 'display_name': 'PARP inhibition in cancer therapy', 'score': 0.9893, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47787276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74909509', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387', 'display_name': 'Gerontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43700916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39051896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D018352', 'descriptor_name': 'Coronavirus Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011024', 'descriptor_name': 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016032', 'descriptor_name': 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012107', 'descriptor_name': 'Research Design', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000073640', 'descriptor_name': 'Betacoronavirus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000086382', 'descriptor_name': 'COVID-19', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018352', 'descriptor_name': 'Coronavirus Infections', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D058873', 'descriptor_name': 'Pandemics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011024', 'descriptor_name': 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000086402', 'descriptor_name': 'SARS-CoV-2', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2933', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S119722071', 'display_name': 'Annals of Internal Medicine', 'issn_l': '0003-4819', 'issn': ['0003-4819', '1539-3704'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316812', 'host_organization_name': 'American College of Physicians', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316812'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American College of Physicians'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7322770', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7322770?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7322770', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/14781/1/Magaret%20Coronavirus%202020June05%20clean.docx', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400185', 'display_name': 'LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I194839184', 'host_organization_name': 'Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194839184'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525715', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7322770', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7322770?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 4, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1976167775', 'https://openalex.org/W2028418359', 'https://openalex.org/W2346987786', 'https://openalex.org/W3014386829'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389568370', 'https://openalex.org/W3108674512', 'https://openalex.org/W3032375762', 'https://openalex.org/W3031052312', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2148612803', 'https://openalex.org/W2080531066', 'https://openalex.org/W1995515455', 'https://openalex.org/W1506200166', 'https://openalex.org/W1489783725'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Ideas': [0], 'and': [1, 46, 56, 86, 106, 166, 199, 206, 225, 271, 358, 363, 399, 420, 432, 492, 494, 497, 532, 563, 589, 1045, 1135, 1213, 1363, 1422, 1451, 1460, 1512, 1552, 1571, 1638, 1640, 1659, 1686], 'Opinions6': [2], 'October': [3, 1799, 1812], '2020Multigroup,': [4], 'Adaptively': [5], 'Randomized': [6], 'Trials': [7], 'Are': [8], 'Advantageous': [9], 'for': [10, 68, 93, 118, 136, 154, 178, 193, 218, 341, 424, 477, 540, 549, 750, 772, 911, 1068, 1080, 1162, 1310, 1331, 1458, 1463, 1485, 1707], 'Comparing': [11], 'Coronavirus': [12], 'Disease': [13], '2019': [14, 251], '(COVID-19)': [15, 252], 'InterventionsFREEAmalia': [16], 'S.': [17, 51, 1516, 1599], 'Magaret,': [18, 36, 52, 144, 1517, 1535, 1600, 1689, 1698, 1700, 1712, 1726, 1734, 1743, 1749, 1757], 'PhD,': [19, 33, 45, 1601], 'Shevin': [20, 74, 1519], 'T.': [21, 75, 1520], 'Jacob,': [22, 76, 1521, 1714, 1728], 'MD,': [23, 28, 40, 49, 77, 102, 162, 202, 1522, 1527, 1539, 1547], 'MPH,': [24, 41], 'M.': [25, 99, 1524], 'Elizabeth': [26, 100, 1525], 'Halloran,': [27, 101, 1526, 1691, 1716, 1730, 1745], 'DSc,': [29], 'Katherine': [30, 124, 1529], 'A.': [31, 35, 125, 143, 1530, 1534, 1692, 1701, 1719, 1739, 1758], 'Guthrie,': [32, 126, 1531, 1718, 1732, 1747], 'Craig': [34, 142, 1533], 'MS,': [37], 'Christine': [38, 160, 1537], 'Johnston,': [39, 161, 1538, 1736], 'Noah': [42, 184, 1541], 'R.': [43, 185, 1542], 'Simon,': [44, 186, 1543, 1738], 'Anna': [47, 200, 1545], 'Wald,': [48, 201, 1546], 'MPHAmalia': [50], 'PhDUniversity': [53, 187], 'of': [54, 80, 88, 104, 164, 188, 204, 257, 275, 302, 314, 412, 426, 442, 475, 488, 521, 598, 611, 625, 634, 647, 673, 709, 820, 842, 848, 881, 904, 909, 924, 953, 989, 995, 1038, 1043, 1094, 1112, 1139, 1191, 1227, 1260, 1284, 1308, 1344, 1348, 1391, 1397, 1550, 1565, 1573, 1586, 1603, 1617, 1627, 1665, 1677, 1694, 1704, 1722, 1784, 1788, 1791, 1795, 1822], 'Washington': [55, 63, 91, 105, 113, 133, 151, 165, 173, 191, 205, 213, 1551, 1559, 1576, 1583, 1589], 'Fred': [57, 107, 167, 207, 1553, 1643], 'Hutchinson': [58, 108, 128, 146, 168, 208, 1554, 1578, 1644], 'Cancer': [59, 109, 129, 147, 169, 209, 1555, 1579, 1645], 'Research': [60, 110, 130, 148, 170, 210, 1368, 1556, 1580, 1646], 'Center,': [61, 111, 131, 149, 171, 211, 1557, 1581, 1647, 1663], 'Seattle,': [62, 90, 112, 132, 150, 172, 190, 212, 1558, 1575, 1582, 1588, 1607, 1621, 1655, 1672, 1681], '(A.S.M.,': [64, 114, 174, 214, 1560], 'M.E.H.,': [65, 115, 175, 215, 1561], 'C.J.,': [66, 116, 176, 216, 1562], 'A.W.)Search': [67, 117, 177, 217], 'more': [69, 94, 119, 137, 155, 179, 194, 219, 661, 918, 1216], 'papers': [70, 95, 120, 138, 156, 180, 195, 220], 'by': [71, 96, 121, 139, 157, 181, 196, 221, 1049, 1061, 1819], 'this': [72, 97, 122, 140, 158, 182, 197, 222, 899, 956, 979, 1128, 1163], 'author,': [73, 98, 123, 141, 159, 183, 198], 'MPHLiverpool': [78], 'School': [79, 1564, 1626], 'Tropical': [81, 1566, 1628], 'Medicine,': [82, 1567, 1629], 'Liverpool,': [83, 1568], 'United': [84, 516, 565, 1569, 1635], 'Kingdom,': [85, 1570], 'University': [87, 1343, 1549, 1572, 1602, 1616, 1664, 1676], 'Washington,': [89, 189, 1574, 1587, 1604, 1618, 1666, 1678], '(S.T.J.)Search': [92], 'DScUniversity': [103], 'PhDFred': [127], '(K.A.G.,': [134, 152, 1584], 'C.A.M.)Search': [135, 153], 'MSFred': [145], 'MPHUniversity': [163, 203], '(N.R.S.)Search': [192], 'authorAuthor,': [223], 'Article,': [224, 1511], 'Disclosure': [226, 1513], 'Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M20-2933': [227], 'SectionsAboutVisual': [228], 'AbstractPDF': [229], 'ToolsAdd': [230], 'to': [231, 243, 284, 307, 319, 334, 337, 373, 406, 451, 510, 576, 616, 680, 715, 724, 736, 780, 814, 835, 863, 891, 962, 975, 1003, 1030, 1084, 1086, 1120, 1187, 1202, 1372, 1415, 1506, 1781], 'favoritesDownload': [232], 'CitationsTrack': [233], 'CitationsPermissions': [234], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [235], 'We': [236], 'propose': [237], 'platform': [238, 468, 786, 815, 824, 1392], 'trials': [239, 348, 378, 392, 435, 555, 572, 607, 628, 787, 816, 1457, 1489, 1794], 'with': [240, 449, 582, 660, 687, 718, 727, 1156, 1214, 1420], 'outcome-adaptive': [241, 635, 664, 705, 795, 828, 1157], 'randomization': [242, 665, 706, 796, 829, 850, 865, 1007, 1101, 1158, 1413], 'efficiently': [244], 'select': [245], 'the': [246, 273, 300, 315, 410, 472, 564, 594, 609, 623, 626, 645, 667, 671, 739, 744, 769, 801, 840, 882, 902, 907, 922, 925, 987, 993, 1036, 1078, 1090, 1095, 1110, 1113, 1137, 1178, 1192, 1205, 1219, 1228, 1373, 1398, 1695, 1705, 1723, 1789], 'most': [247, 1193, 1206, 1220], 'effective': [248, 408, 1194, 1207, 1221], 'coronavirus': [249, 262, 1169], 'disease': [250, 752, 1255, 1491], 'treatments.': [253, 1195, 1222, 1333], 'The': [254, 500, 515, 846, 868, 1041, 1361], 'global': [255], 'spread': [256], 'severe': [258, 1165], 'acute': [259, 1166], 'respiratory': [260, 1167], 'syndrome': [261, 1168], '2': [263, 362, 1170], 'infection': [264, 428, 926], 'is': [265, 344, 456, 485, 525, 748, 870, 941, 1012, 1077, 1159, 1249], 'alarming': [266], 'in': [267, 272, 409, 439, 446, 479, 483, 508, 559, 602, 622, 743, 809, 839, 856, 898, 965, 1053, 1312, 1776, 1786], 'its': [268, 545], 'geographic': [269], 'scope': [270], 'number': [274, 646, 841], 'associated': [276], 'deaths.': [277], 'There': [278], 'are': [279, 317, 389, 436, 556, 699, 755, 852, 1024, 1142, 1174, 1241], 'currently': [280], 'no': [281], 'treatments': [282, 529, 601, 1096, 1208, 1309], 'proven': [283], 'decrease': [285, 838], 'mortality': [286], 'from': [287, 676, 738, 778, 972, 1145, 1269], 'COVID-19': [288, 369, 478, 522, 751, 1311, 1332, 1349, 1375, 1796], 'further': [289, 620, 797], 'than': [290, 723, 1033], 'what': [291], 'can': [292, 788, 833, 981, 1017, 1028, 1058, 1592], 'be': [293, 407, 630, 970, 982, 1018, 1059, 1117, 1185, 1593], 'achieved': [294], 'through': [295, 928, 984, 992], 'supportive': [296], 'care.': [297], 'Thus': [298], 'far,': [299], 'choice': [301], 'therapeutics': [303], 'has': [304, 543], 'been': [305, 325, 574], 'limited': [306], 'existing,': [308], 'repurposed': [309], 'medications.': [310], 'Given': [311], 'that': [312, 370, 455, 642, 729, 1013, 1066, 1126, 1240], 'some': [313, 581, 603, 966, 1026], 'medications': [316, 396], 'perceived': [318], 'have': [320, 324, 349, 573, 884], 'low': [321], 'toxicity,': [322], 'many': [323, 571, 712], 'embraced': [326], 'without': [327], 'evidence.': [328], 'Although': [329, 586, 785], 'remdesivir': [330, 776, 1266], 'was': [331, 1761], 'recently': [332, 1236], 'found': [333, 359], 'shorten': [335], 'time': [336, 908, 1183], 'symptom': [338], 'resolution,': [339], 'evidence': [340], 'survival': [342], 'benefit': [343, 737, 960, 973, 1072, 1093], 'inconclusive': [345], '(1).Well-designed,': [346], 'placebo-controlled': [347], 'begun.': [350], 'On': [351], '1': [352], 'June': [353, 1767, 1807], '2020,': [354], 'we': [355], 'searched': [356], 'ClinicalTrials.gov': [357, 1286], '308': [360], 'phase': [361], '3': [364], 'intervention': [365], 'studies': [366, 774], 'aimed': [367], 'at': [368, 459, 792, 878, 906, 949, 1273, 1289, 1317, 1335, 1353, 1378, 1466, 1595, 1763], 'were': [371, 379], 'open': [372], 'enrollment;': [374], 'an': [375, 702, 836, 950, 1151], 'additional': [376, 1182], '287': [377], 'posted': [380], 'but': [381], 'not': [382, 969], 'yet': [383], 'recruiting': [384, 388], '(2).': [385], 'Those': [386], 'already': [387, 437], 'largely': [390], 'treatment': [391, 411, 425, 444, 547, 959, 1071, 1123, 1144], 'testing': [393, 441, 486, 527, 599, 612, 940], 'known': [394, 405, 465, 756], 'antiviral': [395, 773], '(remdesivir,': [397], 'favipiravir,': [398], 'oseltamivir),': [400], 'antimalarials': [401], '(hydroxychloroquine),': [402], 'immunosuppressive': [403], 'drugs': [404, 1459], 'inflammatory': [413], 'or': [414, 422, 596, 649, 690, 761, 920, 931, 991, 1753], 'autoimmune': [415], 'disorders': [416], '(sarilumab,': [417], 'tocilizumab,': [418], 'baricitinib,': [419], 'others),': [421], 'antiretrovirals': [423], 'HIV': [427], '(lopinavir,': [429], 'ritonavir,': [430, 496], 'darunavir,': [431], 'cobicistat).Several': [433], 'large': [434, 606], 'engaged': [438], 'simultaneous': [440], 'multiple': [443, 1253], 'strategies': [445], 'separate': [447], 'groups,': [448, 822], 'plans': [450], 'discontinue': [452], 'any': [453], 'group': [454, 717, 726], 'definitively': [457], 'inferior': [458], 'planned': [460], 'interim': [461, 703, 793], 'analyses,': [462, 794], 'a': [463, 467, 568, 631, 637, 655, 685, 688, 716, 719, 725, 764, 823, 885, 1010, 1054, 1244, 1395, 1436, 1483], 'format': [464], 'as': [466, 530, 711, 915, 1100, 1209, 1211], 'trial.': [469, 656, 745], 'For': [470, 682, 935], 'example,': [471, 683, 936], 'DisCoVeRy': [473], '(Trial': [474], 'Treatments': [476], 'Hospitalized': [480], 'Adults)': [481], 'trial': [482, 505, 524, 548, 825, 883, 1011, 1057, 1155, 1264, 1330, 1437], 'France': [484], 'standard': [487], 'care;': [489], 'remdesivir;': [490], 'lopinavir': [491], 'ritonavir;': [493], 'lopinavir,': [495], 'interferon': [498], 'β-1a.': [499], 'World': [501, 1229, 1325], 'Health': [502, 1230, 1326], "Organization's": [503, 1231], 'Solidarity': [504], 'includes': [506], 'hydroxychloroquine': [507], 'addition': [509], 'those': [511, 892, 1146, 1226], 'interventions': [512, 614, 1173], 'listed': [513], 'above.': [514], "Kingdom's": [517], 'RECOVERY': [518], '(Randomised': [519], 'Evaluation': [520], 'Therapy)': [523], 'simultaneously': [526, 615], '5': [528], 'well,': [531], 'REMAP-CAP': [533, 1370], '(Randomized,': [534], 'Embedded,': [535], 'Multifactorial': [536], 'Adaptive': [537, 1454], 'Platform': [538], 'Trial': [539, 1307], 'Community-Acquired': [541], 'Pneumonia)': [542], 'amended': [544], 'international': [546], 'community-acquired': [550], 'pneumonia': [551], '(3–6).': [552], 'Other': [553], 'multigroup': [554, 1154], 'taking': [557], 'place': [558], 'Belgium,': [560], 'Norway,': [561], 'Spain,': [562], 'States.': [566], 'In': [567, 955, 1505], 'short': [569], 'time,': [570], 'initiated': [575], 'test': [577], 'potentially': [578, 643, 1069, 1215], 'beneficial': [579], 'interventions,': [580], 'adaptive': [583, 639, 864], 'design': [584, 624, 640, 1455], 'incorporated.': [585], 'cost,': [587], 'availability,': [588], 'regulatory': [590], 'issues': [591, 861], 'may': [592, 947, 968, 1116], 'limit': [593], 'appropriateness': [595], 'feasibility': [597, 610], 'certain': [600], 'settings,': [604], 'these': [605], 'demonstrate': [608], 'several': [613], 'facilitate': [617], 'direct': [618, 1189], 'comparison.A': [619], 'innovation': [621], 'clinical': [627, 1263, 1329, 1393, 1456, 1488], 'would': [629], 'broader': [632], 'use': [633, 994], 'randomization,': [636], 'specific': [638], 'feature': [641], 'reduces': [644], 'deaths': [648], 'other': [650], 'adverse': [651, 857], 'outcomes': [652, 675, 844, 858, 1148], 'incurred': [653], 'during': [654, 701, 1009, 1490], 'To': [657], 'favor': [658], 'groups': [659, 791, 967, 1027], 'advantageous': [662], 'outcomes,': [663, 753], 'updates': [666], 'allocation': [668, 799, 851, 964, 990], 'proportions': [669, 1008], 'on': [670, 986, 1035, 1275, 1291, 1319, 1337, 1355, 1380, 1468, 1765], 'basis': [672, 1037], 'observed': [674, 700], 'cumulatively': [677], 'enrolled': [678, 893], 'persons': [679, 944, 1217], 'date.': [681], 'consider': [684, 1004], 'study': [686, 807, 1015], 'favorable': [689], 'desirable': [691], 'binary': [692], 'outcome.': [693], 'After': [694], 'early': [695, 818, 1014, 1052], 'group-specific': [696], 'event': [697, 721, 730], 'rates': [698], 'analysis,': [704], 'permits': [707], 'reallocation': [708], 'twice': [710], 'subsequent': [713, 1122], 'participants': [714, 734, 875, 1023], 'high': [720], 'rate': [722], 'half': [728], 'rate.': [731], 'These': [732, 1223], 'later-enrolled': [733], 'stand': [735], 'experience': [740], 'gained': [741], 'earlier': [742, 951, 976], 'This': [746], 'approach': [747], 'suitable': [749], 'which': [754, 872, 1235], 'rapidly:': [757], 'Patients': [758], 'either': [759], 'recover': [760], 'die': [762], 'within': [763], 'few': [765, 860, 1022, 1180], 'weeks.': [766], 'As': [767], 'such,': [768], 'follow-up': [770], 'period': [771], 'using': [775], 'ranges': [777], '14': [779], '29': [781], 'days': [782], '(1,': [783], '3).': [784], 'drop': [789], 'ineffective': [790, 821], 'concentrates': [798], 'among': [800], 'current,': [802], 'better-performing': [803], 'groups.': [804], 'A': [805, 1196, 1508], 'simulation': [806], 'done': [808], '2016': [810], 'showed': [811], 'that,': [812], 'relative': [813, 890, 1091], 'allowing': [817], 'dropping': [819], 'additionally': [826], 'incorporating': [827], '(or': [830], 'response-adaptive': [831, 1421], 'randomization)': [832], 'lead': [834], '18%': [837], 'poor': [843], '(7).': [845], 'advantages': [847], 'updating': [849, 1006], 'thus': [853], 'also': [854], 'measured': [855], 'averted.A': [859], 'related': [862], 'require': [866], 'consideration.': [867], 'first': [869], 'drift,': [871], 'occurs': [873], 'when': [874, 1005, 1133], 'randomly': [876], 'assigned': [877], 'later': [879, 946], 'stages': [880, 988], 'different': [886], 'pretreatment': [887], 'outcome': [888], 'risk': [889], 'earlier.': [894], 'Drift': [895], 'could': [896], 'occur': [897], 'setting': [900], 'if': [901, 921, 937], 'stage': [903, 952], 'illness': [905], 'presentation': [910], 'medical': [912], 'care': [913, 1083, 1105], 'changes': [914, 927], 'diagnostics': [916], 'become': [917], 'available,': [919, 943], 'virulence': [923], 'viral': [929], 'mutation': [930], 'repeated': [932], 'person-to-person': [933], 'transmissions.': [934], 'widespread': [938], 'diagnostic': [939], 'made': [942, 1051], 'enrolling': [945], 'present': [948], 'infection.': [954], 'scenario,': [957], 'genuine': [958], 'leading': [961], 'higher': [963], 'distinguishable': [971], 'due': [974], 'presentation.': [977], 'However,': [978], 'problem': [980], 'mitigated': [983], 'stratification': [985], 'previously': [996], 'developed': [997], 'rerandomization': [998], 'tests': [999, 1414], '(8).The': [1000], 'second': [1001], 'issue': [1002], 'results': [1016], 'highly': [1019], 'variable.': [1020], 'When': [1021], 'enrolled,': [1025], 'appear': [1029], 'do': [1031], 'better': [1032], 'others': [1034], 'chance': [1039], 'alone.': [1040], 'problems': [1042], 'bias': [1044], 'inflated': [1046], 'significance': [1047], 'induced': [1048], 'decisions': [1050], 'sequentially': [1055], 'designed': [1056], 'addressed': [1060], 'validated': [1062], 'post': [1063], 'hoc': [1064], 'corrections': [1065], 'account': [1067], 'exaggerated': [1070], 'estimates': [1073], '(9).A': [1074], 'third': [1075], 'concern': [1076, 1129], 'need': [1079], 'clinicians': [1081, 1140], 'providing': [1082, 1143], 'patients': [1085], 'remain': [1087], 'agnostic': [1088], 'about': [1089, 1247], 'potential': [1092], 'they': [1097, 1115], 'provide,': [1098], 'even': [1099], 'allocations': [1102], 'change.': [1103], 'Should': [1104], "providers'": [1106], 'equipoise': [1107, 1785], 'falter': [1108], 'before': [1109], 'end': [1111], 'study,': [1114], 'strongly': [1118], 'tempted': [1119], 'ignore': [1121], 'assignments.': [1124], 'Approaches': [1125], 'mitigate': [1127], 'include': [1130], 'masking': [1131], 'investigators,': [1132], 'possible,': [1134, 1212], 'separating': [1136], 'roles': [1138], 'who': [1141], 'assessing': [1147], '(10).In': [1149], 'summary,': [1150], 'adaptively': [1152], 'designed,': [1153], 'especially': [1160], 'appropriate': [1161], 'large-scale': [1164], 'outbreak.': [1171], 'If': [1172], 'tested': [1175], 'separately': [1176], 'over': [1177], 'next': [1179], 'months,': [1181], 'will': [1184, 1199], 'required': [1186], 'conduct': [1188], 'comparison': [1190], 'collaborative': [1197], 'effort': [1198], 'help': [1200], 'us': [1201], 'widely': [1203], 'implement': [1204], 'quickly': [1210], 'receiving': [1218], 'recommendations': [1224], 'complement': [1225], 'R&D': [1232], 'Blueprint': [1233], 'group,': [1234], 'encouraged': [1237], 'core': [1238], 'protocols': [1239], 'maintained': [1242], 'until': [1243], 'definitive': [1245], 'answer': [1246], 'efficacy': [1248], 'reached,': [1250], 'perhaps': [1251], 'spanning': [1252], 'infectious': [1254], 'outbreaks': [1256], '(11).References1.': [1257], 'National': [1258, 1282, 1298], 'Institutes': [1259], 'Health.': [1261], 'NIH': [1262], 'shows': [1265], 'accelerates': [1267], 'recovery': [1268], 'advanced': [1270], 'COVID-19.': [1271], 'Accessed': [1272, 1288, 1316, 1334, 1352, 1377, 1465], 'www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-shows-remdesivir-accelerates-recovery-advanced-covid-19': [1274], '10': [1276, 1292, 1320, 1338, 1356, 1381, 1469], 'April': [1277, 1293, 1321, 1339, 1357, 1382, 1470], '2020.': [1278, 1294, 1322, 1340, 1358, 1383, 1471, 1768], 'Google': [1279, 1295, 1323, 1341, 1359, 1384, 1472], 'Scholar2.': [1280], 'U.S.': [1281, 1449], 'Library': [1283], 'Medicine.': [1285], 'database.': [1287], 'www.clinicaltrials.gov': [1290], 'Scholar3.': [1296], 'Institut': [1297], 'de': [1299, 1303], 'la': [1300, 1304], 'Santé': [1301], 'Et': [1302], 'Recherche': [1305], 'Médicale.': [1306], 'hospitalized': [1313], 'adults': [1314], '(DisCoVeRy).': [1315], 'https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04315948': [1318], 'Scholar4.': [1324], 'Organization.': [1327], '“Solidarity”': [1328], 'www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments': [1336], 'Scholar5.': [1342], 'Oxford.': [1345], 'Randomised': [1346], 'evaluation': [1347], 'therapy': [1350], '(RECOVERY).': [1351], 'https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04381936': [1354], 'Scholar6.': [1360], 'Australian': [1362], 'New': [1364], 'Zealand': [1365], 'Intensive': [1366], 'Care': [1367], 'Centre.': [1369], 'response': [1371], 'novel': [1374], 'pandemic.': [1376], 'www.remapcap.org/coronavirus': [1379], 'Scholar7.': [1385], 'Saville': [1386], 'BR,': [1387], 'Berry': [1388], 'SM.': [1389], 'Efficiencies': [1390], 'trials:': [1394], 'vision': [1396], 'future.': [1399], 'Clin': [1400, 1441], 'Trials.': [1401, 1442], '2016;13:358-66.': [1402], '[PMID:': [1403, 1429, 1444, 1498], '26908536]': [1404], 'doi:10.1177/1740774515626362': [1405], 'CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1406, 1431, 1447, 1501], 'Scholar8.': [1407], 'Simon': [1408, 1410], 'R,': [1409, 1479], 'NR.': [1411], 'Using': [1412], 'preserve': [1416], 'type': [1417], 'I': [1418], 'error': [1419], 'covariate-adaptive': [1423], 'randomization.': [1424], 'Stat': [1425], 'Probab': [1426], 'Lett.': [1427], '2011;81:767-772.': [1428], '21769160]': [1430], 'Scholar9.': [1432], 'Wittes': [1433], 'J.': [1434], 'Stopping': [1435], 'early—and': [1438], 'then': [1439], 'what?': [1440], '2012;9:714-20.': [1443], '22879573]': [1445], 'doi:10.1177/1740774512454600': [1446], 'Scholar10.': [1448], 'Food': [1450], 'Drug': [1452], 'Administration.': [1453], 'biologics': [1461], 'guidance': [1462], 'industry.': [1464], 'www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/adaptive-design-clinical-trials-drugs-and-biologics-guidance-industry': [1467], 'Scholar11.': [1473], 'Dean': [1474], 'NE,': [1475], 'Gsell': [1476], 'PS,': [1477], 'Brookmeyer': [1478], 'et': [1480], 'al.': [1481], 'Creating': [1482], 'framework': [1484], 'conducting': [1486], 'randomized': [1487, 1792], 'outbreaks.': [1492], 'N': [1493], 'Engl': [1494], 'J': [1495], 'Med.': [1496], '2020;382:1366-1369.': [1497], '32242365]': [1499], 'doi:10.1056/NEJMsb1905390': [1500], 'Scholar': [1502], 'Comments0': [1503], 'CommentsSign': [1504], 'Submit': [1507], 'Comment': [1509], 'Author,': [1510], 'InformationAuthors:': [1514], 'Amalia': [1515, 1598], 'PhD;': [1518, 1532, 1544], 'MPH;': [1523, 1540], 'DSc;': [1528], 'MS;': [1536], 'MPHAffiliations:': [1548], 'A.W.)Liverpool': [1563], '(S.T.J.)Fred': [1577], 'C.A.M.)University': [1585], '(N.R.S.)Disclosures:': [1590], 'Disclosures': [1591], 'viewed': [1594], 'www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-2933.Corresponding': [1596], 'Author:': [1597], 'Box': [1605, 1619, 1653, 1670, 1679], '359300,': [1606, 1620], 'WA': [1608, 1622, 1656, 1673, 1682], '98195-9300;': [1609], 'e-mail,': [1610], '[email protected]': [1611], 'Author': [1612], 'Addresses:': [1613], 'Dr.': [1614], 'Magaret:': [1615, 1642], '98195-9300.Dr.': [1623], 'Jacob:': [1624], 'Liverpool': [1625, 1632], 'Pembroke': [1630], 'Place,': [1631], 'L3': [1633], '5QA,': [1634], 'Kingdom.Drs.': [1636], 'Halloran': [1637], 'Guthrie': [1639], 'Mr.': [1641], '1100': [1648], 'Fairview': [1649], 'Avenue': [1650], 'North,': [1651], 'PO': [1652], '19024,': [1654], '98109-1024.Drs.': [1657], 'Johnston': [1658], 'Wald:': [1660], 'Harborview': [1661], 'Medical': [1662], '325': [1667], '9th': [1668], 'Avenue,': [1669], '359928,': [1671], '98104.Dr.': [1674], 'Simon:': [1675], '357232,': [1680], '98195-7232.Author': [1683], 'Contributions:': [1684], 'Conception': [1685], 'design:': [1687], 'A.S.': [1688, 1697, 1711, 1725, 1742], 'M.E.': [1690, 1715, 1729, 1744], 'Wald.Drafting': [1693], 'article:': [1696, 1724], 'C.A.': [1699, 1733, 1748, 1756], 'Wald.Critical': [1702], 'revision': [1703], 'article': [1706, 1760], 'important': [1708], 'intellectual': [1709], 'content:': [1710], 'S.T.': [1713, 1727], 'K.A.': [1717, 1731, 1746], 'Wald.Final': [1720], 'approval': [1721], 'C.': [1735], 'N.R.': [1737, 1750], 'Wald.Statistical': [1740], 'expertise:': [1741], 'Simon.Administrative,': [1751], 'technical,': [1752], 'logistic': [1754], 'support:': [1755], 'Wald.This': [1759], 'published': [1762], 'Annals.org': [1764], '11': [1766, 1806], 'PreviousarticleNextarticle': [1769], 'Advertisement': [1770], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails': [1771], 'Metrics': [1772], 'Cited': [1773], 'byResponse-Adaptive': [1774], 'Randomization': [1775], 'Clinical': [1777], 'Trials:': [1778], 'From': [1779], 'Myths': [1780], 'Practical': [1782], 'ConsiderationsUses': [1783], 'discussions': [1787], 'ethics': [1790], 'controlled': [1793], 'therapies': [1797], '6': [1798, 1811], '2020Volume': [1800], '173,': [1801], 'Issue': [1802, 1809], '7Page:': [1803], '576-577': [1804], 'ePublished:': [1805], '2020': [1808, 1813, 1818], 'Published:': [1810], 'Copyright': [1814], '&': [1815], 'PermissionsCopyright': [1816], '©': [1817], 'American': [1820], 'College': [1821], 'Physicians.': [1823], 'All': [1824], 'Rights': [1825], 'Reserved.PDF': [1826], 'downloadLoading': [1827], '...': [1828]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3035737197', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T11:14:49.014325', 'created_date': '2020-06-19'}