Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3032506809', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112508', 'title': 'Preparation of High-Nitrogen Ductile Iron by Injecting Nitrogen Gas in Molten Iron', 'display_name': 'Preparation of High-Nitrogen Ductile Iron by Injecting Nitrogen Gas in Molten Iron', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-05-31', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3032506809', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112508', 'mag': '3032506809', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32486402', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7321469'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112508', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2508/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S18714766', 'display_name': 'Materials', 'issn_l': '1996-1944', 'issn': ['1996-1944'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2508/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066865188', 'display_name': 'Lifeng Tong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Lifeng Tong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100682519', 'display_name': 'Shichao Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3956-8915'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shichao Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102941254', 'display_name': 'Jinchuan Jie', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jinchuan Jie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103487643', 'display_name': 'Tingju Li', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tingju Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5066865188'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 60}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '2508', 'last_page': '2508'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10386', 'display_name': 'Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10386', 'display_name': 'Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12427', 'display_name': 'Metal Alloys Wear and Properties', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11201', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy and Material Forming', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-gas', 'display_name': 'Nitrogen gas', 'score': 0.8225212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/elongation', 'display_name': 'Elongation', 'score': 0.776808}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C537208039', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627', 'display_name': 'Nitrogen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.903594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2991782629', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627', 'display_name': 'Nitrogen gas', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8225212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33947775', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271439', 'display_name': 'Elongation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.776808}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7494577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779698641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309', 'display_name': 'Graphite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7124094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112950240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005', 'display_name': 'Ultimate tensile strength', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6542735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C5701217', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387723', 'display_name': 'Pearlite', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.56213844}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.54754275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87976508', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213', 'display_name': 'Microstructure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16288513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.051620305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96288455', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286', 'display_name': 'Austenite', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112508', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2508/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S18714766', 'display_name': 'Materials', 'issn_l': '1996-1944', 'issn': ['1996-1944'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/40dd9edddf724729b154ab7616448237', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7321469', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7321469?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112508', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2508/pdf?version=1590914052', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400947', 'display_name': 'MDPI (MDPI AG)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210097602', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097602'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321469', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32486402', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112508', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2508/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S18714766', 'display_name': 'Materials', 'issn_l': '1996-1944', 'issn': ['1996-1944'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'score': 0.8}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1035681778', 'https://openalex.org/W1963885389', 'https://openalex.org/W1972910857', 'https://openalex.org/W1984833149', 'https://openalex.org/W1999807386', 'https://openalex.org/W2005887711', 'https://openalex.org/W2007830902', 'https://openalex.org/W2009194038', 'https://openalex.org/W2011919623', 'https://openalex.org/W2015630982', 'https://openalex.org/W2029142555', 'https://openalex.org/W2054030039', 'https://openalex.org/W2059567447', 'https://openalex.org/W2067565437', 'https://openalex.org/W2069105381', 'https://openalex.org/W2069486913', 'https://openalex.org/W2074852617', 'https://openalex.org/W2182630617', 'https://openalex.org/W2586613121', 'https://openalex.org/W2899076070', 'https://openalex.org/W3149050392'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2388308431', 'https://openalex.org/W2377882612', 'https://openalex.org/W2374643176', 'https://openalex.org/W2364545734', 'https://openalex.org/W2361218609', 'https://openalex.org/W2361027706', 'https://openalex.org/W2347372505', 'https://openalex.org/W2088957508', 'https://openalex.org/W2031001571', 'https://openalex.org/W1974850353'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'High-nitrogen': [0], 'ductile': [1], 'iron': [2, 16], '(DI)': [3], 'was': [4], 'prepared': [5, 95], 'by': [6], 'a': [7], 'new': [8], 'method': [9], 'of': [10, 25, 62, 73, 92], 'injecting': [11], 'nitrogen': [12, 31, 47, 53, 63, 98], 'gas': [13, 32, 48, 64, 99], 'into': [14], 'molten': [15], 'and': [17, 22, 54, 66, 71, 81, 87], 'nodularizing': [18], 'treatment.': [19], 'The': [20, 37, 51], 'microstructure': [21], 'mechanical': [23], 'properties': [24], 'the': [26, 43, 46, 67, 74, 93, 97], 'as-prepared': [27], 'DI': [28, 75, 94], 'for': [29], 'different': [30], 'injection': [33, 49, 100], 'periods': [34], 'were': [35, 57, 76, 85], 'characterized.': [36], 'graphite': [38], 'morphology': [39], 'gradually': [40], 'deteriorated': [41], 'with': [42], 'increase': [44], 'in': [45], 'time.': [50], 'maximum': [52], 'pearlite': [55], 'contents': [56], 'obtained': [58], 'after': [59], '20': [60], 'min': [61], 'injection,': [65], 'corresponding': [68], 'tensile': [69], 'strength': [70], 'elongation': [72], 'calculated': [77], 'as': [78], '492': [79], 'MPa': [80], '9.5%,': [82], 'respectively,': [83], 'which': [84], '9.3%': [86], '22%': [88], 'higher': [89], 'than': [90], 'those': [91], 'without': [96], 'treatment,': [101], 'respectively.': [102]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3032506809', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-03T10:35:33.933791', 'created_date': '2020-06-05'}