Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3028641086', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106456', 'title': 'Tribofilm growth at sliding interfaces of PEEK composites and steel at low velocities', 'display_name': 'Tribofilm growth at sliding interfaces of PEEK composites and steel at low velocities', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3028641086', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106456', 'mag': '3028641086'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106456', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S24284137', 'display_name': 'Tribology International', 'issn_l': '0301-679X', 'issn': ['0301-679X', '1879-2464'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040128065', 'display_name': 'Lihe Guo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6088-3185'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'display_name': 'Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ffzr57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lihe Guo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075657411', 'display_name': 'Xianqiang Pei', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-2935'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'display_name': 'Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ffzr57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xianqiang Pei', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102958125', 'display_name': 'Fuyan Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8275-1208'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'display_name': 'Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ffzr57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fuyan Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100778318', 'display_name': 'Ligang Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-9086'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'display_name': 'Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ffzr57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ligang Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080881674', 'display_name': 'Guitao Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-3367'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'display_name': 'Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ffzr57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guitao Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101722558', 'display_name': 'Ga Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-7924'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210161003', 'display_name': 'Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05x85k702', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I4210161003']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'display_name': 'Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007ffzr57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ga Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China', 'Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao, 266071, China', 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao, 266071, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210161003']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5101722558'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'https://openalex.org/I4210161003', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089297', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5030, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5030, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.595, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 32, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.789705, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '151', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '106456', 'last_page': '106456'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12362', 'display_name': 'Tribology of Polymers and Composites', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12362', 'display_name': 'Tribology of Polymers and Composites', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11557', 'display_name': 'Tribological Properties of Lubricants and Additives', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10501', 'display_name': 'Polymer Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications', 'score': 0.9858, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2507', 'display_name': 'Polymers and Plastics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/polyether-ether-ketone', 'display_name': 'Polyether ether ketone', 'score': 0.68062264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-lubricant', 'display_name': 'Dry lubricant', 'score': 0.67656106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/polytetrafluoroethylene', 'display_name': 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'score': 0.6521027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-reinforcement', 'display_name': 'Filler Reinforcement', 'score': 0.545154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-tribology', 'display_name': 'Polymer Tribology', 'score': 0.537331}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nano-composites', 'display_name': 'Nano-composites', 'score': 0.517649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tribological-performance', 'display_name': 'Tribological Performance', 'score': 0.506494}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7660682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7160167', 'display_name': 'Peek', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.98830163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8328066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167310744', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193870', 'display_name': 'Tribology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75466394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7263877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781204225', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145387', 'display_name': 'Polyether ether ketone', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.68062264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140721634', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363437', 'display_name': 'Dry lubricant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.67656106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780557906', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143252', 'display_name': 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6521027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779698641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309', 'display_name': 'Graphite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6126621}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780407432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103230', 'display_name': 'Ether', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49234045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84416704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188666', 'display_name': 'Adhesion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48169717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780357685', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154357', 'display_name': 'Nano-', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.465518}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C521977710', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163', 'display_name': 'Polymer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.114726305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.05548817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106456', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S24284137', 'display_name': 'Tribology International', 'issn_l': '0301-679X', 'issn': ['0301-679X', '1879-2464'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 49, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1720193064', 'https://openalex.org/W1831092852', 'https://openalex.org/W1980600956', 'https://openalex.org/W1984437365', 'https://openalex.org/W1984472476', 'https://openalex.org/W1984913268', 'https://openalex.org/W1985983986', 'https://openalex.org/W1986199704', 'https://openalex.org/W2001337481', 'https://openalex.org/W2005007565', 'https://openalex.org/W2005688846', 'https://openalex.org/W2013229949', 'https://openalex.org/W2013385488', 'https://openalex.org/W2018535748', 'https://openalex.org/W2022361718', 'https://openalex.org/W2028956715', 'https://openalex.org/W2038702385', 'https://openalex.org/W2050876636', 'https://openalex.org/W2052464822', 'https://openalex.org/W2067454477', 'https://openalex.org/W2068870644', 'https://openalex.org/W2069553030', 'https://openalex.org/W2071427868', 'https://openalex.org/W2071948672', 'https://openalex.org/W2074880343', 'https://openalex.org/W2078968777', 'https://openalex.org/W2086190820', 'https://openalex.org/W2087881161', 'https://openalex.org/W2088692610', 'https://openalex.org/W2094592379', 'https://openalex.org/W2113345193', 'https://openalex.org/W2118620734', 'https://openalex.org/W2195647141', 'https://openalex.org/W2201425750', 'https://openalex.org/W2212665517', 'https://openalex.org/W2257313132', 'https://openalex.org/W2293704026', 'https://openalex.org/W2514472918', 'https://openalex.org/W2593505064', 'https://openalex.org/W2751999107', 'https://openalex.org/W2759593627', 'https://openalex.org/W2791007557', 'https://openalex.org/W2793166622', 'https://openalex.org/W2799933527', 'https://openalex.org/W2894910509', 'https://openalex.org/W2943160250', 'https://openalex.org/W2964643151', 'https://openalex.org/W4247699798', 'https://openalex.org/W43334681'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386996329', 'https://openalex.org/W3028641086', 'https://openalex.org/W3022819773', 'https://openalex.org/W2466911884', 'https://openalex.org/W2460084807', 'https://openalex.org/W2373839082', 'https://openalex.org/W2184942143', 'https://openalex.org/W2165841443', 'https://openalex.org/W2134049989', 'https://openalex.org/W1964506299'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Tribological': [0], 'behaviors': [1], 'of': [2, 62, 68, 82, 101], 'carbon': [3], 'fibers': [4], '(CF)': [5], 'reinforced': [6], 'poly-ether-ether-ketone': [7], '(PEEK)': [8], 'composites': [9], 'are': [10, 38, 56, 86, 104], 'investigated': [11], 'at': [12, 72, 90], 'low': [13, 91, 94], 'speeds': [14], 'ranging': [15], 'from': [16, 24], '0.01': [17], 'to': [18, 26], '0.2': [19], 'm/s': [20], 'under': [21], 'pressures': [22], 'varying': [23], '1': [25], '30': [27], 'MPa.': [28], 'Nano-Bi2O3,': [29], 'nano-SiO2': [30, 69], 'and': [31, 36, 52, 76, 79, 93, 117], 'conventional': [32], 'solid': [33, 84], 'lubricants': [34, 85], '(graphite': [35], 'polytetrafluoroethylene)': [37], 'further': [39], 'added': [40], 'into': [41], 'CF-reinforced': [42], 'PEEK,': [43], 'respectively.': [44], 'It': [45, 96], 'is': [46, 70], 'demonstrated': [47], 'that': [48, 99], 'a': [49, 73], 'small': [50], 'load': [51, 75, 92], 'relatively': [53], 'high': [54, 74], 'speed': [55], 'favorable': [57], 'for': [58], 'the': [59, 65, 83, 87, 102], 'wear-reduction': [60, 80], 'role': [61, 67], 'nano-Bi2O3,': [63], 'while': [64], 'positive': [66], 'pronounced': [71], 'speed.': [77, 95], 'Friction': [78], 'roles': [81, 109], 'most': [88], 'significant': [89], 'turns': [97], 'out': [98], 'functionalities': [100], 'fillers': [103], 'closely': [105], 'associated': [106], 'with': [107], 'their': [108], 'in': [110], 'tribofilm': [111], 'growth': [112], 'governed': [113], 'by': [114], 'complex': [115], 'physical': [116], 'chemical': [118], 'actions.': [119]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3028641086', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T10:00:39.280592', 'created_date': '2020-06-05'}