Flat-Panel Laser Displays Based on Liquid Crystal Microlaser Arrays

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Fa‐Feng Xu; Yong Jun Li; Yuanchao Lv; Haiyun Dong; Xianqing Lin; Kang Wang; Jiannian Yao; Yong Sheng Zhao
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4378, 4547, 4557], 'characteristic': [208, 2185], 'merits': [209], 'lasers,': [211], 'have': [212, 392, 549, 554, 608, 3182], 'led': [213, 2989], 'revolution': [216], 'next-generation': [218, 369, 845], 'display': [219, 372, 399, 426, 544, 566, 687, 743, 794, 818, 897, 1506, 1947, 1964, 2804, 2974, 2992, 3137, 3186, 3229, 3252, 3281], 'technologies': [220, 396], 'owing': [221, 401, 636], 'their': [223, 403, 515, 770, 901, 2190, 2293, 2710, 2849], 'superior': [224], 'color': [225, 310, 317, 412, 667, 2252, 2397, 2462, 2528, 2561, 2579, 2625, 2677, 3242, 4536], 'expression.': [226], 'However,': [227, 458, 704], 'acquisition': [229, 493], 'pixelated': [231, 434, 532, 562, 685, 747, 1197, 1258, 1920, 2811, 2828, 3101, 3206], 'laser': [232, 239, 263, 269, 349, 371, 389, 417, 443, 543, 633, 686, 742, 823, 847, 919, 1204, 1407, 1422, 1517, 1834, 1868, 2007, 2032, 2052, 2386, 2686, 2715, 2803, 2807, 2817, 2973, 3039, 3046, 3053, 3060, 3071, 3136, 3185, 3257, 3270, 3280], 'arrays': [233, 275, 288, 767, 836, 1200, 1205, 1535, 1540, 1705, 1923, 1929, 1959, 1999, 2369, 2572, 2695, 3026, 3192, 3271], 'as': [234, 357, 394, 575, 621, 817, 890, 1828, 1961, 2002, 2026, 2037, 2173, 2269, 2271, 2972, 3033, 3120, 3222, 3251], 'self-emissive': [235, 358, 425, 597, 2006], 'panels': [236, 563, 688, 709, 744, 898, 2004, 2384, 2812, 2975, 3036, 3187], 'for': [237, 256, 365, 416, 423, 463, 539, 558, 599, 669, 681, 871, 879, 893, 961, 973, 1037, 1366, 1723, 1757, 1944, 2005, 2126, 2254, 2278, 2385, 2451, 2792, 2878, 2976, 3037, 3051, 3264, 3276, 3639, 3817, 4332, 4511], 'flat-panel': [238, 268, 348, 370, 565, 846, 3038, 3045, 3052, 3279], 'displays': [240, 270, 350, 380, 418, 603, 2387, 2576, 2808, 2818, 2880, 2920, 3054, 3082], 'remains': [241, 502], 'challenging.': [242], 'crystal': [244, 618, 1830, 2028, 4540], '(LC)': [245], 'materials': [246, 510], 'with': [247, 296, 313, 511, 611, 699, 787, 1000, 1068, 1270, 1353, 1403, 1443, 1467, 1481, 1518, 1581, 1596, 1706, 1863, 1976, 2022, 2048, 2084, 2539, 2577, 2696, 2809, 2865, 2913, 2935, 3115, 3149, 3188, 3852, 4081, 4436], 'excellent': [248, 512, 3241], 'processability': [249], 'optoelectronic': [251], 'properties': [252], 'offer': [253, 827], 'considerable': [254], 'potential': [255], 'construction': [258, 367, 895, 2794, 3266], 'highly': [260, 333, 466, 1703], 'ordered': [261, 334, 467, 765, 1704], 'multicolor': [262, 495, 518, 2371, 3105, 3269], 'arrays.': [264, 750, 1262, 1751, 1782, 2648, 3103], 'Here,': [265], 'we': [266, 320, 345, 731, 820, 981, 2071, 2394, 2421, 2688, 2708, 3254], 'demonstrate': [267], 'LC': [272, 329, 353, 627, 649, 694, 720, 748, 758, 777, 800, 813, 1092, 1119, 1123, 1126, 1153, 1198, 1239, 1259, 1284, 1532, 1538, 1545, 1591, 1749, 1808, 1819, 1861, 1900, 2023, 2222, 2332, 2570, 2693, 2797, 3024, 3190, 3200, 3247], 'microlaser': [273, 286, 354, 749, 814, 834, 1199, 1260, 1533, 1539, 1750, 2571, 2694, 2780, 2798, 2924, 3025, 3191, 3248], 'pixel': [274, 287, 325, 355, 573, 728, 766, 815, 835, 1534, 1781, 1965, 2368, 2647, 2892, 2925, 3249], 'through': [276, 1054, 1106, 1169, 1430, 1601, 2511, 2819, 3055, 3110, 3194], 'a': [277, 307, 446, 459, 499, 531, 733, 828, 945, 967, 1001, 1007, 1014, 1072, 1107, 1165, 1295, 1303, 1316, 1325, 1371, 1391, 1404, 1425, 1444, 1468, 1514, 1519, 1524, 1575, 1597, 1734, 1852, 1933, 2049, 2062, 2174, 2500, 2525, 2559, 2654, 2659, 2681, 2690, 2771, 2838, 2861, 2888, 2950, 2999, 3011, 3064, 3150, 3195, 3205, 4054, 4186, 4437], 'microtemplate-assisted': [278, 736, 1717, 1770, 3196], 'inkjet': [279, 737, 1771, 3197], 'printing': [280, 738, 1100, 1207, 1278, 1543, 1905, 3198], 'method.': [281, 3199], 'Individual': [282, 792], 'organic': [283, 527, 1725], 'red-green-blue': [284, 455], '(RGB)': [285, 456], 'were': [289, 866, 888, 941, 1051, 1066, 1097, 1128, 1162, 1193, 1223, 1248, 1313, 1380, 1479, 1570, 1594, 1669, 1785, 1810, 1895, 2045, 2156, 2165, 2268, 2288, 2629, 2757, 2763, 2846, 2927, 3202, 3231], 'obtained': [290, 942, 1053, 1224, 1786, 1811, 2072, 2206, 2510, 2534, 2758, 3109], 'by': [291, 327, 713, 779, 929, 943, 987, 1099, 1130, 1178, 1206, 1225, 1254, 1294, 1315, 1349, 1490, 1541, 1573, 1610, 1641, 1672, 1763, 1812, 1855, 1917, 2388, 2408, 2653, 2766, 2859, 2901, 2929, 3086, 3305, 3428, 3526, 3679, 3743, 4546], 'doping': [292, 1856], 'dyes': [293, 613, 782, 1858, 2033], 'into': [294, 332, 453, 517, 530, 725, 783, 841, 1102, 1164, 1174, 1211, 1251, 1548, 1606, 1702, 1817, 1859, 1898, 1914, 2848, 2985, 3063, 3204], 'LCs': [295, 570, 590, 676, 786, 2099], 'photonic': [297, 617, 789, 1829, 1837, 2027], 'band': [298, 790, 1838, 1865, 2090, 2134], 'edges': [299, 1839, 2091, 2135], 'obtain': [301], 'single-mode': [302, 632, 648, 2207, 2232], 'RGB': [303, 316, 324, 533, 647, 727, 776, 793, 1220, 1261, 1531, 1921, 1967, 1985, 2014, 2147, 2212, 2231, 2325, 2331, 2416, 2424, 2497, 2513, 2542, 2588, 2597, 2646, 2779, 2829, 2923, 3102, 3189, 3219], 'lasing,': [304, 2425], 'leading': [305], 'much': [308], 'broader': [309], 'gamut,': [311], 'compared': [312, 2538], 'standard': [315, 2488, 2541], 'space.': [318], 'Then': [319, 980, 1219, 1590, 2707], 'acquired': [321, 1334, 2776], 'periodically': [322, 639, 1249], 'patterned': [323, 487, 1701], 'matrices': [326, 356, 816, 2971], 'positioning': [328, 756], 'microlasers': [330, 528, 759, 801, 1093, 1285, 2233, 3201, 3220], 'precisely': [331, 529, 760, 1640], 'arrays,': [335, 2830], 'according': [336, 768, 1554, 2518, 3208], 'well-organized': [339, 771, 1691], 'geometry': [340, 1692, 3211], 'microtemplates.': [343], 'Subsequently,': [344, 2853], 'demonstrated': [346, 2422, 2565, 2786, 3010, 3183], 'full-color': [347, 741, 822, 2003, 2382, 2802, 3000, 3035, 3142, 3184, 3256], 'using': [351, 988, 1340, 3572], 'panels.': [359, 427, 545, 2805, 3079, 3126], 'These': [360, 825, 2563, 2784, 3018, 3259], 'results': [361, 826, 2564, 2785, 3019, 3260], 'provide': [362, 838], 'valuable': [363, 839], 'enlightenment': [364], 'devices.': [373, 3284], 'Download': [374, 376, 1799, 1801, 2360, 2362, 2667, 2669, 3176, 3178], 'figure': [375, 1800, 2361, 2668, 3177], 'PowerPoint': [377, 1802, 2363, 2670, 3179], 'Introduction': [378], 'take': [381], 'advantage': [382, 2567], 'high': [384, 404, 406], 'monochromaticity': [385], 'brightness': [387], 'emissions.': [390, 920], 'They': [391], 'emerged': [393], 'revolutionary': [395], 'in': [397, 419, 482, 571, 604, 716, 868, 952, 1025, 1151, 1235, 1563, 1882, 2039, 2061, 2221, 2366, 2413, 2515, 2573, 2634, 2658, 2719, 2759, 2826, 2884, 2955, 3123, 3146, 3169, 3933, 3962, 4053, 4165, 4185, 4370, 4377], 'industries': [400], 'saturation,': [405], 'contrast': [407], 'ratio,': [408], 'extensive': [410, 665, 2250], 'achievable': [411], 'gamut.1–3': [413], 'The': [414, 643, 751, 853, 938, 1040, 1094, 1117, 1159, 1244, 1263, 1286, 1308, 1375, 1615, 1632, 1662, 1746, 1845, 1926, 2162, 2370, 2449, 2492, 2627, 2649, 3049, 3104], 'requirement': [415], 'portable': [420], 'devices': [421], 'calls': [422], 'appropriate': [424], 'To': [428], 'this': [429, 1716, 2392, 2467], 'end,': [430], 'development': [432, 843], 'structures': [435], 'is': [436, 470, 522, 2124, 2664, 2680, 3173, 3289], 'required,': [437], 'where': [438, 568, 606, 3215], 'each': [439, 572, 1229], 'microunit': [440, 1203, 1922, 1928, 1998, 2970, 3113], 'could': [441, 591, 630, 1699, 1848, 1930, 2000, 2111, 2508, 3027, 3083, 3107], 'realize': [442], 'emission': [444, 1492], 'collection': [447], 'these': [449, 587, 1607, 1973, 1996, 2286, 2452], 'lasers': [450, 650, 721, 778], 'are': [451, 651, 1796, 2357, 2612, 3129, 3158, 3261, 3295], 'well-arranged': [452], 'periodic': [454, 726, 833, 3268], 'arrays.4–7': [457], 'universal': [460], 'fabrication': [461, 516, 683, 1719, 1747], 'technique': [462], 'constructing': [464], 'such': [465, 708, 2230], 'emissive': [468, 496, 1208, 1221, 1246, 2148, 2383, 2754], 'geometries': [469], 'lacking': [471], 'desires': [473], 'an': [474, 536, 989, 1187, 1341, 1431, 1587, 1649, 1962, 2182, 2323, 2378, 2414, 2787, 2796, 2939, 2941, 3140, 3223, 3262], 'urgent': [475], 'need.8–10': [476], 'Photolithography': [477], 'has': [478, 710], 'been': [479, 555, 609, 711], 'successfully': [480], 'applied': [481, 3030], 'silicon-based': [483], 'photonics': [484], 'produce': [486, 631, 875, 1257, 1648], 'micro/nano-laser': [488], 'arrays.11,12': [489], 'In': [490, 1803, 2391, 2466, 2671], 'contrast,': [491], 'units': [497], 'single': [500], 'chip': [501], 'challenging': [503], 'due': [504, 2214], 'poor': [506], 'material': [507], 'compatibility.13,14': [508], 'Organic': [509, 3365, 3425, 3608, 3641, 3934, 3992, 4251, 4514], 'compatibility15–17': [513], 'permit': [514], 'lasers;18–24': [519], 'nevertheless,': [520], 'it': [521, 673], 'still': [523], 'difficult': [524], 'pattern': [526, 2699, 2774], 'matrix': [534, 2839], 'identical': [537, 3141], 'substrate': [538, 1065], 'implementation': [541], 'crystals': [547], '(LCs)': [548], 'outstanding': [550, 2578], 'processability;': [551], 'thus,': [552], 'they': [553, 607], 'exploited': [556], 'extensively': [557], 'mass': [559], 'production': [560, 702], 'within': [564], 'fields,': [567], 'serve': [574, 2001, 3032], 'passive': [576, 588], 'polarization': [577], 'components': [578], 'modulate': [580], 'transmission': [582, 1309], 'light.25,26': [584], 'Apart': [585], 'applications,': [589], 'also': [592, 2736], 'be': [593, 678, 1700, 1849, 2112, 2235, 2509, 3029, 3084, 3108], 'utilized': [594], 'achieve': [596], 'lasers27,28': [598], 'high-brightness': [600], 'high-saturation': [602, 2279], 'cases': [605], 'doped': [610, 1896], 'luminescent': [612], 'generate': [615], 'self-assembled': [616], 'superstructures,': [619], 'acting': [620], 'natural': [622], 'optical': [623, 628, 909, 1491, 2035, 2121], 'cavities.29': [624], 'More': [625], 'importantly,': [626], 'cavities': [629, 1831, 2029], 'emissions': [634, 1474, 1880, 2087, 2110, 2209, 3227], 'inherently,': [635], 'modulated': [640, 1670, 2073, 2218, 3232], 'refractive': [641, 2219], 'index.30–32': [642], 'primary': [644, 2496], 'wavelengths': [645, 2228], 'located': [652, 2236], 'at': [653, 958, 970, 997, 1213, 1551, 1836, 2076, 2088, 2132, 2150, 2189, 2237, 2262, 2823, 2906], 'outer': [655, 2239], 'border': [656, 2240], 'chromaticity': [659, 2243, 2450, 2470, 2493], 'diagram': [660, 2463], 'define': [662, 2247], 'most': [664, 1724, 2249], 'possible': [666, 2251], 'gamut': [668, 2253], 'vivid': [670, 2255, 2575], 'displays.1': [671, 2256], 'Therefore,': [672], 'seems': [674], 'that': [675, 1652, 1995, 2226, 2259, 3023], 'would': [677, 2234], 'promising': [679], 'candidates': [680], 'based': [689, 2399], 'fusion': [692], 'systems': [695], 'capable': [696], 'lasing': [698, 804, 1364, 1846, 2010, 2015, 2131, 2163, 2208, 2266, 2283, 2321, 2365, 2372, 2428, 2441, 2453, 2474, 2585, 2620], 'mature': [700], 'panel': [701, 1507, 2952, 3143], 'techniques.': [703], 'realization': [706], 'impeded': [712], 'difficulties': [715], 'fabricating': [717], 'miniaturized': [718], 'individual': [719, 1283, 1368, 1477, 1963, 2012, 2324, 2330, 2415, 3224], 'patterning': [723, 1015], 'them': [724], 'matrices.33,34': [729], 'Herein,': [730], 'proposed': [732], 'strategy': [734], 'construct': [740, 832, 2381], 'composed': [745, 2643, 2742, 2800, 2836], 'polymeric': [752, 884, 923, 927, 931, 939, 1080, 1104, 1290, 1549, 1568, 1761], 'microtemplates': [753, 924, 928, 1041, 1061, 1105, 1212, 1253, 1291, 1550, 1569, 1617, 1680, 1762, 1916], 'guided': [754], 'give': [762], 'rise': [763], 'geometry.': [772], 'We': [773, 925, 1201, 1333, 1359, 1418, 1536, 1903, 2205, 2224, 2257, 2813, 3181], 'fabricated': [774, 1572, 1697, 1997, 2018, 2969, 3193], 'incorporating': [780], 'corresponding': [781, 1675, 2170, 2850], 'respective': [785, 2191, 2608, 3112], 'distinct': [788, 1864, 2914], 'edges.': [791, 1866], 'pixels': [795, 1369, 1975, 2013, 2821, 2877, 3230], 'consisting': [796], 'adjacent': [798, 1951, 3218], 'three': [799, 1245, 1950, 3217], 'enabled': [802], 'tunable': [803], 'across': [805], 'full': [807, 3236], 'visible': [808, 3237], 'spectrum.': [809], 'Using': [810, 3245, 3937, 4255], 'prepared': [812, 926, 1067, 1098, 1129, 1202, 1537, 2689], 'panels,': [819, 3253], 'achieved': [821, 2021, 3255], 'displays.': [824, 848, 2008, 2280, 2979, 3017, 3040, 3047, 3258], 'robust': [829], 'approach': [830], 'insight': [840], 'Experimental': [849], 'Method': [850], 'Substrate': [851], 'preparation': [852], 'substrates,': [854, 913, 1045], 'including': [855, 2296], 'indium': [856], 'tin': [857], 'oxide': [858], '(ITO),': [859], 'glass,': [860], 'silicon,': [861], 'magnesium': [863], 'fluoride': [864], '(MgF2),': [865], 'cleaned': [867], 'oxygen': [869], 'plasma': [870], '5': [872, 974, 1141], 'min': [873, 963, 975], 'hydrophilic': [876], 'surfaces,': [877], 'beneficial': [878, 2125], 'subsequent': [881], 'coating': [882], 'films.': [885], 'MgF2': [886, 1588], 'wafers': [887, 1050], 'selected': [889, 3167], 'substrates': [892, 957, 1737], 'because': [899], 'low': [902, 2078], 'reflective': [903], 'index': [904, 2220], '(1.38),': [905], 'able': [906], 'reduce': [908], 'loss': [910], 'lower': [915], 'threshold': [917], 'Fabrication': [921, 1090, 1195, 1529, 3914], 'etching': [930, 1574], 'films': [932, 940], 'via': [933], 'electron': [934, 984], 'beam': [935, 985, 1002, 1466, 2053, 2872, 3072], 'lithography': [936], '(EBL).': [937], 'spin-coating': [944], 'poly(methyl': [946], 'methacrylate)': [947], 'solution': [948, 1028, 1240, 1651], '(20': [949], 'wt': [950, 1134, 1138, 1144, 1242], '%,': [951], 'chlorobenzene)': [953], 'pretreated': [956], '1000': [959], 'rpm': [960], '1': [962, 1400, 1744, 2059, 3159], 'baked': [965], 'heating': [968], 'stage': [969], '180': [971], '°C': [972], 'eliminate': [977, 1083], 'solvent.': [979], 'carried': [982, 1360, 2814], 'out': [983, 1361, 2815], 'exposures': [986], 'e-beam': [990], 'writer': [991], '(ELPHY': [992], 'Quantum;': [993], 'Raith': [994], 'GmbH,': [995], 'Germany)': [996], '30': [998, 1038], 'kV': [999], 'current': [1003], '120': [1005], 'pA': [1006], 'beam-spot': [1008], 'size': [1009, 1665], '3.0': [1011], 'nm,': [1012, 1397, 1413, 2055, 2273], 'dose': [1016], '0.5': [1018], 'mC/cm2.': [1019], 'Finally,': [1020], 'sample': [1022], 'was': [1023, 1076, 1267, 1292, 1453, 1508, 1584, 1638, 1721, 1942, 2020, 2455, 2651, 2775, 2782, 2835, 2857, 2947, 3061, 3302, 4543], 'immersed': [1024], 'mixed': [1027], 'isopropyl': [1030], 'alcohol': [1031], 'methyl': [1033], 'isobutyl': [1034], 'ketone': [1035], '(3∶1)': [1036], 's.': [1039], 'glass': [1044, 1064, 1167, 1265, 1599], 'ITO,': [1046], 'MgF2,': [1047], 'silicon': [1049], 'all': [1052, 2506], 'processes': [1056], 'mentioned': [1057], 'above.': [1058], 'Notably,': [1059], 'assistance': [1070], 'conductive': [1073], 'adhesive,': [1074], 'which': [1075, 1583, 1826, 1941, 2245, 2505, 2554, 2679, 3068, 3239], 'precoated': [1077], 'film': [1081, 1577], 'charge': [1084], 'effect': [1085, 1171, 1603], 'during': [1086], 'EBL': [1088], 'process.': [1089], 'LC-filled': [1095], 'microunits': [1096, 1192, 1478, 1655, 1668, 1698, 1952, 2019, 2044, 2149, 2213, 2287, 2376, 2734, 2905], 'inks': [1101, 1120, 1209, 1222, 1247, 1862], 'GIXTM': [1108], 'MicroplotterTM': [1109], 'II': [1110], 'SonoPlot': [1112], 'Inc.': [1113], '(Middleton,': [1114], 'WI,': [1115], 'USA).': [1116], 'cholesteric': [1118, 1544], '(LC': [1121], '1,': [1122, 3893, 4198, 4460], '2,': [1124], '3)': [1127], 'dissolving': [1131, 1226], '27': [1132], '(9': [1133], '%),': [1135, 1139], '12': [1136], '(4': [1137], 'mg': [1142, 1228, 1237], '(1.7': [1143], '%)': [1145], 'chiral': [1148, 1815], 'dopant': [1149, 1816], '(S811)': [1150], '(I32-010E-425)': [1154], 'solutions': [1155, 1161, 1547, 1593, 1630, 1637, 1727, 1912], '(300': [1156], 'mg),': [1157], 'respectively.': [1158, 1332, 1358], 'ink': [1160, 1188, 1274, 1546, 1592, 1629, 1636, 1650, 1726, 1901, 1911], 'imbibed': [1163, 1595], 'hollow': [1166, 1264, 1598], 'needle': [1168, 1266, 1600], 'capillary': [1170, 1602], 'sprayed': [1173], 'prefabricated': [1175, 3078, 3100], 'microtemplates,': [1176, 1608, 1695, 3214], 'assisted': [1177, 1609], 'ultrasonic': [1179, 1184, 1611, 1644], 'vibration.': [1180], 'By': [1181, 2418], 'adjusting': [1182, 1642], 'vibration': [1185, 1612, 1645], 'strength,': [1186], 'solution,': [1189], 'perfectly': [1190, 1656], 'filled': [1191, 1653], 'acquired.': [1194], 'selectively': [1210, 1542, 2409], 'specific': [1214, 1552, 2876, 2907, 3074], 'positions': [1215, 2908], 'substrates.': [1218], '4.5': [1227], 'DCM,': [1231], 'C30,': [1232], 'o-MSB': [1234], '300': [1236], '(1.5': [1241], '%).': [1243], 'deposited': [1250, 1605, 1628, 1635], 'column': [1255, 1918], 'washed': [1268], 'initially': [1269], 'dichloromethane': [1271], 'avoid': [1273], 'contamination': [1275], 'before': [1276], 'process': [1279], '.': [1280], 'Characterization': [1281], 'morphology': [1287, 1620], 'examined': [1293], 'step': [1296], 'profiler': [1297], '(Bruker': [1298, 1306], 'DektakXT;': [1299], 'Beijing,': [1300, 1347], 'China)': [1301, 1323, 1348], 'contour': [1304], 'graph': [1305], 'ContourGT-K1).': [1307], 'fluorescence': [1311, 1337, 1343, 1986], 'spectra': [1312, 2075, 2336, 2403, 2454, 2592, 2633], 'measured': [1314], 'UV–visible': [1317], 'spectrometer': [1318, 1327], '(Perkin-Elmer': [1319], 'Lambda': [1320], '35;': [1321], 'Shanghai,': [1322, 1499], 'fluorescent': [1326], '(Hitachi': [1328], 'F-7000;': [1329], 'Tokyo,': [1330], 'Japan),': [1331], 'bright-field': [1335], 'microscopy': [1338, 3163], 'images': [1339, 1778, 1784, 2602, 2845, 3097], 'inverted': [1342], 'microscope': [1344], '(Nikon': [1345, 1434], 'Ti-U;': [1346], 'exciting': [1350, 2903, 3111], 'samples': [1352], 'halogen': [1354], 'mercury': [1356], 'lamps,': [1357], 'optically': [1362], 'pumped': [1363], 'measurements': [1365], 'custom': [1372, 2063], 'microphotoluminescence': [1373, 2064], 'system.': [1374], 'excitation': [1376, 1421, 1465, 2822, 2856, 2871, 3007], 'pulses': [1377], '(400': [1378, 2054], 'nm)': [1379], 'generated': [1381, 2928], 'second': [1384], 'harmonic': [1385], 'fundamental': [1388], 'output': [1389], 'regenerative': [1392], 'amplifier': [1393], '(Spectra': [1394], 'Physics,': [1395, 1411], '800': [1396, 1412], '150': [1398, 1414, 2665], 'fs,': [1399, 1415, 2057], 'kHz),': [1401], 'seeded': [1402], 'mode-locked': [1405], 'Ti:sapphire': [1406], '(Mai': [1408], 'Tai,': [1409], 'Spectra': [1410], '80': [1416], 'MHz).': [1417], 'focused': [1419, 2050], 'down': [1423], '20': [1426, 2358, 2613], 'μm': [1427], 'diameter': [1428], 'spot': [1429], 'objective': [1432, 1486], 'lens': [1433, 1487], 'CFLU': [1435], 'Plan,': [1436], '×20,': [1437], 'N.A.': [1438], '=': [1439], '0.5)': [1440], 'after': [1441, 2167], 'filtering': [1442], '720': [1445], 'nm': [1446, 1470, 1516, 2155], 'short-pass': [1447], 'filter.': [1448], 'A': [1449, 1501, 3058, 3338], 'neutral': [1450], 'density': [1451, 1709, 2119], 'filter': [1452], 'used': [1454], 'alter': [1456], 'power': [1458], 'laser.': [1461], 'After': [1462, 2522], 'removing': [1463], '420': [1469], 'long-pass': [1471], 'filter,': [1472], 'collected': [1480], 'aid': [1483], 'analyzed': [1489], 'spectrometry': [1493], '(PDA': [1494], '7000;': [1495], 'Shimadzu': [1496], 'Co.': [1497], 'Ltd.,': [1498], 'China).': [1500], 'far-field': [1502, 2676, 2711, 2761], 'photograph': [1503, 2638, 2650], 'taken': [1509], 'under': [1510, 1787, 2347, 2714, 3005], 'irradiation': [1512, 1788], '400': [1515], 'built-in': [1520, 2655], 'digital': [1521, 1558, 2656, 2851, 2862, 2911, 2933, 2983, 3065, 3089, 3117], 'camera': [1522, 2657], 'cellphone.': [1525], 'Results': [1526], 'Discussion': [1528], 'positions,': [1553], 'predesigned': [1557], 'patterns.': [1559, 2916, 2937], 'As': [1560, 2717, 2938], 'schematically': [1561], 'illustrated': [1562], 'Figure': [1564, 1624, 1660, 1713, 1731, 1741, 1743, 1824, 1843, 1893, 1939, 2040, 2069, 2103, 2203, 2301, 2308, 2315, 2317, 2547, 2581, 2720, 2885, 2962, 3041], '1a': [1565], 'b,': [1567], 'first': [1571], 'flat': [1576], 'photoresist': [1579], 'polymethylmethacrylate': [1580], 'EBL,': [1582], 'pre-spin-coated': [1585], 'substrate.': [1589], '(Figure': [1613, 1924, 1987, 2160, 2447, 2464, 2881, 3003, 3008], '1c–f).': [1614], 'as-fabricated': [1616, 1805, 1927], 'possessing': [1618], 'columnar': [1619], '(': [1621, 1657, 1681, 1710, 1728, 1738, 1821, 1840, 1890, 1936, 2066, 2100, 2200, 2298, 2305, 2312, 2544], 'Supporting': [1622, 1658, 1682, 1711, 1729, 1739, 1822, 1841, 1891, 1937, 2067, 2101, 2201, 2299, 2306, 2313, 2545, 3285, 3287], 'Information': [1623, 1659, 1683, 1712, 1730, 1740, 1823, 1842, 1892, 1938, 2068, 2102, 2202, 2300, 2307, 2314, 2546, 3286, 3288, 4526], 'S1)': [1625], 'confined': [1626], 'tightly.': [1631], 'amount': [1633], 'controlled': [1639], 'strength': [1646], 'S2).': [1661], 'shape': [1663, 2311], 'rationally': [1671], 'varying': [1673], 'structure': [1676], 'parameters': [1677], 'Figures': [1684], 'S3': [1685], 'S4).': [1687], 'According': [1688], 'dense': [1707], 'packing': [1708], 'S5).': [1714], 'Moreover,': [1715, 2281, 2980], 'array': [1718, 2781, 2799, 2893], 'method': [1720, 3012], 'suitable': [1722], 'S6)': [1732], 'variety': [1735], 'S7).': [1742], '|': [1745, 2319, 2583, 3043], '(a': [1752], 'b)': [1754], 'Schematic': [1755, 1766], 'illustration': [1756, 1767], 'processing': [1759], 'EBL.': [1764], '(c–f)': [1765], 'printing.': [1772], '(g–l)': [1773], 'Bright-field': [1774, 3092], '(j–l)': [1776], 'PL': [1777, 1783, 2074, 2109, 2143, 2171, 2335, 2353, 2402, 2601, 3095], 'printed': [1780, 2732], 'UV': [1790, 1970], 'light': [1791, 1971, 2874], '(330–380': [1792], 'nm).': [1793], 'Scale': [1794, 2355, 2610, 2662, 3127, 3156, 3171], 'bars': [1795, 2356, 2611, 3128, 3157], '50': [1797, 3130], 'μm.': [1798, 2359, 2614, 2666, 3131, 3175], 'microunits,': [1806, 2755], 'multidomain': [1807], 'superstructures': [1809, 2024], 'introducing': [1813], 'host': [1820], 'S8),': [1825], 'served': [1827, 3221], 'support': [1833], 'oscillations': [1835], 'S9).': [1844], 'wavelength': [1847], 'altered': [1850], 'over': [1851], 'wide': [1853], 'range': [1854, 2691], 'various': [1857], 'Three': [1867], 'dyes,': [1869], '1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene': [1870], '(o-MSB),': [1871], '7-(diethylamino)-3-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)coumarin': [1872], '(C30),': [1873], '4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran': [1875], '(DCM),': [1876], 'whose': [1877], 'photoluminescence': [1878], '(PL)': [1879], 'localized': [1881], 'blue,': [1884], 'green,': [1885, 2725], 'red': [1887], 'wavebands,': [1888], 'respectively': [1889, 2159], 'S10),': [1894], 'separately': [1897, 2047], 'solutions.': [1902], 'performed': [1904, 2858], 'DCM-,': [1907], 'C30-,': [1908], 'o-MSB-doped': [1910], 'sequentially': [1913], 'produced': [1919], '1g–i).': [1925], 'extend': [1931], 'large': [1934], 'area': [1935, 3168], 'S11),': [1940], 'necessary': [1943], 'practical': [1945, 2685, 2816], 'image': [1946, 2834, 2919, 2942, 2978, 2997, 3016, 3081, 3164], 'applications.': [1948], 'Every': [1949], 'along': [1953], 'row': [1955], 'direction': [1956], 'functioned': [1960], 'comprising': [1966], 'subpixels.': [1968, 2589, 2598], 'Under': [1969], 'irradiation,': [1972], 'microscale': [1974], 'uniform': [1977, 2527], 'geometric': [1978], 'shapes': [1979], 'independent': [1981], 'forms': [1982], 'emitted': [1983], 'bright': [1984], '1j–l),': [1988], 'demonstrating': [1989], 'feasibility': [1991], 'idea': [1994], 'Single-mode': [2009, 2320], 'serving': [2025], 'embedded': [2031], 'providing': [2034], 'gains,': [2036], 'depicted': [2038, 2718, 3119], '2a.': [2041], 'When': [2042], 'excited': [2046], 'pulsed': [2051, 3059], '∼150': [2056], 'kHz)': [2060], 'system': [2065], 'S12),': [2070], 'relatively': [2077], 'pump': [2079, 2140, 2178, 2349], 'energy': [2080], '(<2.5': [2081], 'μJ': [2082, 2198], 'cm−2)': [2083], 'more': [2085, 2986], 'intense': [2086], 'than': [2092], 'those': [2093], 'inside': [2094, 2503], 'bandgaps': [2096], 'S13).': [2104], 'Such': [2105], 'unique': [2106], 'modulation': [2107], 'ascribed': [2113], 'distribution': [2116, 2617], 'states35': [2122], 'generation': [2128], 'low-threshold': [2130], 'long-wavelength': [2133], 'LCs.36': [2137], 'With': [2138], 'increasing': [2139], 'fluence,': [2141], 'intensities': [2144], '∼644,': [2151], '∼531,': [2152], '∼462': [2154], 'amplified': [2157], 'dramatically,': [2158], '2b–d).': [2161], 'actions': [2164], 'confirmed': [2166], 'plotting': [2168], 'intensity': [2172], 'function': [2175], 'fluence': [2179], 'observing': [2181], 'exhibition': [2183], 'clear': [2186], 'knee': [2187], 'behavior': [2188, 2373], 'thresholds': [2192], '∼12.5,': [2194], '∼31.8,': [2195], '∼17.2': [2197], 'cm−2': [2199], 'S14).': [2204], 'spatially': [2217], 'superstructures.': [2223], 'envisioned': [2225], 'diagram,': [2244, 2468], 'should': [2246], 'found': [2258], 'full-width': [2261], 'half-maximum': [2263], 'modes': [2267], 'narrow': [2270], '0.3–0.7': [2272], 'affording': [2274], 'ultrahigh': [2275], 'spectral': [2276], 'purity': [2277], 'characteristics': [2284], 'well': [2289, 3028], 'maintained': [2290], 'upon': [2291], 'modulating': [2292], 'structural': [2294], 'parameters,': [2295], 'thickness': [2297], 'S15),': [2302], 'edge': [2303], 'length': [2304], 'S16),': [2309], 'S17).': [2316], '2': [2318], 'pixel.': [2326, 2417, 3225], '(a)': [2327, 2590, 3048], 'Sketch': [2328], 'microlasers.': [2333], '(b–d)': [2334, 3091], 'red-': [2339], '(b),': [2340], 'green-': [2341], '(c),': [2342], 'blue-emissive': [2344, 2898], '(d)': [2345], 'micropixels': [2346], 'different': [2348, 2411, 2594, 2645, 2824, 3088, 3116], 'fluences.': [2350], 'Insets:': [2351, 2599], 'Corresponding': [2352, 2600], 'images.': [2354], 'Full-color': [2364, 2584, 3044], 'provided': [2377], 'opportunity': [2379], 'adding': [2389], 'color.': [2390], 'work,': [2393], 'evaluated': [2395], 'expression': [2398], 'several': [2405], 'subpixel': [2406], 'combinations': [2407, 2412, 2586, 2595, 3114], 'pumping': [2410], 'so': [2419], 'doing,': [2420], 'monochromatic': [2423, 2733], 'simultaneous': [2426], 'two-color': [2427], '(R': [2429, 2442, 2475], '+': [2430, 2433, 2436, 2443, 2445, 2476, 2478, 2745, 2748, 2752], 'G,': [2431, 2746], 'G': [2432, 2444, 2477, 2747], 'B,': [2434, 2749], 'R': [2435, 2744, 2751], 'B),': [2437], 'finally': [2439], 'tri-color': [2440, 2473], 'B)': [2446, 2479], '3a).': [2448], 'calculated': [2456, 2606], 'plotted': [2458], 'CIE1931': [2461, 2604, 2624], '3b).': [2465], 'locates': [2480], 'closely': [2481], 'position': [2484], 'CIE': [2487], 'white': [2489], 'illuminant': [2490], 'D6537.': [2491], 'colors': [2498, 2507, 2514], 'defined': [2499], 'triangle': [2501, 2531], 'region,': [2502], 'mixing': [2512], 'proper': [2516], 'proportions,': [2517], "Grassmann's": [2520], 'law.37': [2521], 'converting': [2523], 'perceptually': [2526], 'space,': [2529], 'region': [2532], 'covers': [2533], '196.6%': [2535], 'perceptible': [2536], 'colors,': [2537], 'space': [2543], 'S18': [2548], 'Tables': [2550], 'S1': [2551], 'S2),': [2553], 'suggested': [2555], 'existence': [2557], 'broad': [2560], 'gamut.': [2562], 'realizing': [2574, 3014], 'fidelity.': [2580], '3': [2582, 2889], 'Lasing': [2591, 4024, 4051, 4164, 4411], 'coordinates': [2605], 'spectra.': [2609], '(b)': [2615], 'Chromaticity': [2616], 'peaks': [2621, 2628], 'diagram.': [2626], 'extracted': [2630], 'seven': [2632], '(a).': [2635], '(c)': [2636], 'Far-field': [2637], '"LCLD"': [2641, 2700, 2728], 'patterns': [2642, 2729, 2741, 2843], 'captured': [2652, 2764], 'cell': [2660], 'phone.': [2661], 'bar': [2663, 3172], 'order': [2672], 'examine': [2674], 'rendering,': [2678], 'key': [2682], 'feature': [2683], 'displays,2,38': [2687], 'same': [2698], '(acronym': [2701], '"Liquid': [2703], 'Displays").': [2706], 'took': [2709], 'real-color': [2712], 'photographs': [2713], 'irradiation.': [2716], '3c,': [2721], 'not': [2722], 'only': [2723], 'red,': [2724], 'blue': [2727], 'comprised': [2730], 'but': [2735], 'yellow,': [2737], 'cyan,': [2738], 'magenta': [2740], 'B': [2753], 'respectively,': [2756], 'readily': [2765], 'naked': [2768], 'eyes.': [2769], 'Furthermore,': [2770], 'rendered': [2772], 'white-emissive': [2773], 'when': [2777], 'exploited.': [2783], 'experimental': [2788], 'proof': [2789], 'concept': [2791, 3050], 'Flat-panel': [2806], 'selective': [2820, 3056], 'positions39': [2825], 'since': [2831], 'any': [2832], 'given': [2833], 'pixels.': [2841], 'Various': [2842], 'converted': [2847], 'masks.': [2852, 3090], 'integral': [2855], 'manipulating': [2860], 'micromirror': [2863, 3066], 'device': [2864], 'masks': [2866, 2912, 2934, 2984, 3118], 'reflect': [2868], 'selectively,': [2869], 'up': [2875], 'picture': [2879], '4a).': [2882], 'Illustration': [2883], '4b–d': [2886], 'presents': [2887], '×': [2890, 2959, 3152], '9': [2891], 'displaying': [2894], 'red-,': [2895], 'green-,': [2896], '"L"': [2899, 2915, 3106], 'characters': [2900], 'simultaneously': [2902], 'matching': [2909], 'Accordingly,': [2917], 'large-scale': [2918, 2977, 3246], 'matrixes': [2926, 3250], 'employing': [2930], 'further': [2931], 'large-sized': [2932], 'desired': [2936], 'example,': [2940], 'red-emissive': [2945], 'dragon': [2946], 'presented': [2948], 'centimeter-scale': [2951], '(1.2': [2953, 3144], 'cm': [2954, 3145], 'diagonal': [2956, 3147], 'size,': [2957], '123': [2958, 3151], '144': [2960, 3153], 'micropixels,': [2961], '4e),': [2963], 'validating': [2964], 'applicability': [2966], 'programming': [2981], 'complicated': [2987], 'pictures': [2988], 'colorful': [2994, 3015], 'images;': [2995], 'facial': [3001], 'makeup': [3002], '4f)': [3004], 'precise': [3006], '4g)': [3009], 'verified': [3020], 'notion': [3022], 'self-emissive,': [3034], '4': [3042], 'excitations.': [3057], 'introduced': [3062], 'device,': [3067], 'reflected': [3069], 'locations': [3075], 'Colorful': [3080], 'realized': [3085], 'adopting': [3087], '(top)': [3093], '(bottom)': [3096], 'black': [3121], 'squares': [3122], 'top': [3125], '(e,': [3132], 'f)': [3133], 'Images': [3134], 'prototypes': [3138], 'size)': [3148], 'micropixel': [3154], 'array.': [3155], 'mm.': [3160], '(g)': [3161], 'High-magnification': [3162], '(f).': [3170], '100': [3174], 'Conclusion': [3180], 'well-positioned': [3203], 'matrix,': [3207], 'every': [3216], 'cover': [3234], 'spectrum,': [3238], 'exhibited': [3240], 'rendering': [3243], 'features.': [3244], 'inspiration': [3263], 'open': [3273], 'new': [3274], 'avenues': [3275], 'creating': [3277], 'high-performance': [3278], 'lighting': [3283], 'available.': [3290], 'Conflict': [3291], 'Interest': [3293], 'There': [3294], 'no': [3296], 'competing': [3297], 'interests.': [3298], 'Acknowledgments': [3299], 'This': [3300], 'work': [3301, 4542], 'supported': [3303, 4544], 'financially': [3304, 4545], 'Ministry': [3307, 4548], 'Science': [3309, 3319, 4550, 4560], 'Technology': [3311, 4552], 'China': [3313, 3322, 4554, 4563], '(no.': [3314, 4555], '2017YFA0204502),': [3315, 4556], 'National': [3317, 4558], 'Natural': [3318, 4559], 'Foundation': [3320, 4561], '(grant': [3323, 4564], 'nos.': [3324, 4565], '21533013': [3325, 4566], '21790364).': [3327, 4568], 'References': [3328], '1.': [3329], 'Chellappan': [3330], 'K.': [3331, 3769], 'V.;': [3332, 3414, 3700, 3951, 4020, 4234], 'Erden': [3333], 'E.,': [3334, 4207], 'Urey': [3335], 'H.Laser-Based': [3336], 'Displays:': [3337], 'Review.Appl.': [3339], 'Opt.2010,': [3340], '49,': [3341], 'F79–F98.': [3342], 'Google': [3343, 3372, 3401, 3433, 3484, 3532, 3580, 3614, 3650, 3685, 3718, 3760, 3788, 3808, 3822, 3860, 3895, 3919, 3943, 3972, 4000, 4030, 4062, 4094, 4110, 4130, 4142, 4174, 4200, 4228, 4262, 4288, 4319, 4343, 4388, 4424, 4444, 4462, 4485], 'Scholar': [3344, 3373, 3402, 3434, 3485, 3533, 3581, 3615, 3651, 3686, 3719, 3761, 3789, 3809, 3823, 3861, 3896, 3920, 3944, 3973, 4001, 4031, 4063, 4095, 4111, 4131, 4143, 4175, 4201, 4229, 4263, 4289, 4320, 4344, 4389, 4425, 4445, 4463, 4486], '2.': [3345], 'J.;': [3347, 3357, 3379, 3387, 3449, 3471, 3473, 3496, 3498, 3539, 3551, 3596, 3618, 3634, 3737, 3880, 3953, 3979, 3981, 3985, 4363, 4393, 4403], 'Yan': [3348, 3622, 3982, 4071], 'Y.;': [3349, 3353, 3383, 3439, 3461, 3465, 3511, 3516, 3603, 3621, 3658, 3662, 3664, 3868, 3876, 3976, 3983, 4010, 4012, 4035, 4070, 4072, 4430], 'Gao': [3350, 3665, 4011], 'Z.;': [3351, 3463, 3689, 3730], 'Du': [3352], 'H.;': [3355, 3418, 3422, 3437, 3504, 3557, 3560, 3656, 3874, 4066, 4273, 4302], 'Y.': [3359, 3626, 3882, 3978, 3987, 4076, 4272, 4392], 'S.Full-color': [3360], 'Printed': [3366, 3884], 'Arrays.Nat.': [3368], 'Commun.2019,': [3369], '10,': [3370, 3806, 4483], '870.': [3371], '3.': [3374], 'Neumann': [3375], 'A.;': [3376, 3408, 3669, 3957], 'Wierer': [3377], 'J.': [3378, 3389, 3500, 3518, 3559, 3699, 3812, 3900, 4147, 4269, 4296, 4324, 4356], 'Davis': [3380], 'W.;': [3381, 3457, 3501, 3695, 3770, 3834, 3846, 4148, 4297, 4357, 4396, 4405, 4472], 'Ohno': [3382], 'Brueck': [3384, 3734], 'S.': [3385, 3495, 3510, 3550, 3553, 3587, 3735, 4007, 4037, 4152, 4266, 4292, 4323, 4350], 'R.': [3386, 3595, 3729, 3736, 3927, 4114, 4301], 'Tsao': [3388], 'Y.Four-Color': [3390], 'White': [3392, 3803], 'Illuminant': [3393], 'Demonstrating': [3394], 'High': [3395], 'Color-Rendering': [3396], 'Quality.Opt.': [3397], 'Express2011,': [3398], '19,': [3399], 'A982–A990.': [3400], '4.': [3403], 'Müller': [3404], 'C.': [3405, 3668, 3800, 3901], 'D.;': [3406, 3451, 3467, 3767, 3798, 4005, 4150, 4158, 4239, 4305, 4360], 'Falcou': [3407], 'Reckefuss': [3409], 'N.;': [3410, 3441, 3443, 3726, 4243], 'Rojahn': [3411], 'M.;': [3412, 3519, 3591, 3693, 3722, 3724, 4038, 4116, 4153, 4293, 4351, 4474], 'Wiederhirn': [3413], 'Rudati': [3415], 'P.;': [3416, 3697, 3828, 3832, 4182, 4398, 4401], 'Frohne': [3417], 'Nuyken': [3419], 'O.;': [3420], 'Becker': [3421], 'Meerholz': [3423], 'K.Multi-Colour': [3424], 'Light-Emitting': [3426, 3478, 3569], 'Solution': [3429], 'Processing.Nature2003,': [3430], '421,': [3431], '829–833.': [3432], '5.': [3435], 'Zheng': [3436, 3438], 'Liu': [3440, 3592, 3655, 3672, 3795, 3875, 4069, 4391, 4475], 'Ai': [3442], 'Q.;': [3445], 'Wu': [3446, 3625, 4431], 'S.;': [3447, 3453, 3455, 3593, 3773, 4040, 4299], 'Zhou': [3448, 4495], 'Hu': [3450, 4073], 'Yu': [3452, 3670], 'Han': [3454], 'Luo': [3458, 4427], 'C.;': [3459, 3544, 3546, 3548, 3588, 3598, 3627, 3702, 3776, 3826, 3864, 3872, 4008, 4015, 4068, 4155, 4241, 4245], 'Meng': [3460], 'Jiang': [3462, 3619, 3635], 'Chen': [3464, 3763, 4016, 4429, 4469], 'Huang': [3468, 4471], 'F.;': [3469, 3605, 3733, 3844, 4074, 4353, 4468], 'Peng': [3472], 'Cao': [3474, 4177], 'Y.All-solution': [3475], 'Processed': [3476], 'Polymer': [3477, 4220], 'Diode': [3479, 3570], 'Displays.Nat.': [3480, 4458], 'Commun.2013,': [3481], '4,': [3482, 3820, 4140, 4286], '1971.': [3483], '6.': [3486], 'Kim': [3487, 3499, 3502, 3517, 3520, 3542, 3549, 3555, 3558, 3563, 4268, 4271, 4274], 'T.-H.;': [3488], 'Cho': [3489], 'K.-S.;': [3490], 'Lee': [3491, 3494, 3509, 4265], 'E.': [3492, 3928], 'K.;': [3493, 3537, 3541, 4044, 4348], 'Chae': [3497, 3552], 'D.': [3503, 3543, 3564, 3704, 3732, 4206, 4451], 'Kwon': [3505], 'J.-Y.;': [3506], 'Amaratunga': [3507], 'G.;': [3508, 3671, 3779, 4042, 4232], 'Choi': [3512, 3535, 3545], 'B.': [3513], 'L.;': [3514, 3585, 3654, 3947], 'Kuk': [3515], 'K.Full-Colour': [3521], 'Quantum': [3522, 3567, 4438], 'Dot': [3523, 3568, 4439], 'Fabricated': [3525], 'Transfer': [3527, 3575, 4509], 'Printing.Nat.': [3528, 3576], 'Photon.2011,': [3529, 3785], '5,': [3530, 3786], '176–182.': [3531], '7.': [3534], 'M.': [3536, 3590, 3600, 3728, 3904], 'Yang': [3538, 3602, 4006], 'Park': [3547], 'I.;': [3554, 3840, 3955, 4453], 'T.': [3556, 4014, 4157, 4304, 4347, 4365], 'Hyeon': [3561], 'T.;': [3562, 3830, 3842], 'H.Wearable': [3565], 'Red-Green-Blue': [3566], 'Array': [3571, 3710, 4254], 'High-Resolution': [3573], 'Intaglio': [3574], 'Commun.2015,': [3577], '6,': [3578, 3970], '7149.': [3579], '8.': [3582], 'Briseno': [3583], 'A.': [3584, 3899, 4115, 4238, 4359, 4448], 'Mannsfeld': [3586], 'Ling': [3589], 'Tseng': [3594], 'Reese': [3597], 'Roberts': [3599], 'E.;': [3601, 3949], 'Wudl': [3604], 'Bao': [3606, 3930], 'Z.Patterning': [3607], 'Single-Crystal': [3609], 'Transistor': [3610], 'Arrays.Nature2006,': [3611], '444,': [3612], '913–917.': [3613], '9.': [3616], 'X.': [3620, 3623, 4395, 4407], 'X.;': [3624, 3660, 3666], 'Su': [3628], 'B.;': [3629, 3632, 3691, 3838], 'Fu': [3630], 'H.': [3631, 4019, 4022, 4134, 4160, 4307, 4362, 4400], 'L.': [3636, 3775], '"Capillary-Bridge': [3637], 'Lithography"': [3638], 'Patterning': [3640], 'Crystals': [3642], 'Toward': [3643], 'Mode-Tunable': [3644], 'Arrays.Adv.': [3646], 'Mater.2017,': [3647], '29,': [3648], '1603652.': [3649], '10.': [3652], 'Zhang': [3653, 3863, 4067, 4406, 4493], 'Sun': [3659, 4021, 4394], 'Wen': [3661], 'Guo': [3663, 3694, 3877], 'Di': [3667], 'Y.Inkjet': [3673], 'Printing': [3674], 'High-Resolution,': [3675], 'Large-Area': [3676, 3748], 'Graphene': [3677], 'Patterns': [3678], 'Coffee-Ring': [3680], 'Lithography.Adv.': [3681], 'Mater.2012,': [3682], '24,': [3683], '436–440.': [3684], '11.': [3687], 'Tian': [3690], 'Pantouvaki': [3692], 'Absil': [3696], 'Campenhout': [3698], 'Merckling': [3701], 'Thourhout': [3703], 'V.Room-temperature': [3705], 'InP': [3706], 'Distributed': [3707, 4256], 'Feedback': [3708, 4214], 'Directly': [3711], 'Grown': [3712, 3782], 'Silicon.Nat.': [3714, 3784], 'Photon.2015,': [3715], '9,': [3716], '837–842.': [3717], '12.': [3720], 'Behzadirad': [3721], 'Nami': [3723], 'Wostbrock': [3725], 'Kouhpanji': [3727], 'Feezell': [3731], 'Busani': [3738], 'T.Scalable': [3739], 'Top-Down': [3740], 'Approach': [3741], 'Tailored': [3742], 'Interferometric': [3744], 'Lithography': [3745], 'Achieve': [3747], 'Single-Mode': [3749, 4515], 'GaN': [3750], 'Nanowire': [3751], 'Sapphire': [3755], 'Substrate.ACS': [3756], 'Nano2018,': [3757], '12,': [3758], '2373–2380.': [3759], '13.': [3762], 'R.;': [3764, 3836, 4017, 4211, 4236, 4247, 4466, 4470], 'Tran': [3765], 'T.-T.': [3766], 'Ng': [3768], 'Ko': [3771], 'W.': [3772], 'Chuang': [3774], 'Sedgwick': [3777], 'F.': [3778], 'Chang-Hasnain': [3780], 'C.Nanolasers': [3781], '170–175.': [3787], '14.': [3790], 'Fan': [3791], 'F.,': [3792, 4209], 'Turkdogan': [3793], 'S.,': [3794, 4267], 'Z.,': [3796, 4428], 'Shelhammer': [3797], 'Ning': [3799], 'Z.A': [3801], 'monolithic': [3802], 'Laser.Nat.': [3804], 'Nanotechnol.2015,': [3805, 4482], '796–803.': [3807], '15.': [3810], 'Clark': [3811], '&': [3813, 3902, 3929, 4135, 4325, 4528], 'Lanzani': [3814], 'G.Organic': [3815], 'Photonics': [3816], 'Communications.Nat.': [3818], 'Photon.2010,': [3819, 4139], '438–446.': [3821], '16.': [3824], 'Koos': [3825], 'Vorreau': [3827], 'Vallaitis': [3829], 'Dumon': [3831], 'Bogaerts': [3833], 'Baets': [3835], 'Esembeson': [3837], 'Biaggio': [3839], 'Michinobu': [3841], 'Diederich': [3843], 'Freude': [3845], 'Leuthold': [3847], 'J.All-Optical': [3848], 'High-Speed': [3849], 'Signal': [3850], 'Processing': [3851], 'Silicon–Organic': [3853], 'Hybrid': [3854], 'Slot': [3855], 'Waveguides.Nat.': [3856], 'Photon.2009,': [3857], '3,': [3858], '216–219.': [3859], '17.': [3862], 'Zou': [3865], 'C.-L.;': [3866], 'C.-H.;': [3870], 'Wei': [3871], 'G.-C.;': [3878], 'S.Organic': [3883, 4077], 'Photonics:': [3885], 'From': [3886], 'Microring': [3887], 'Lasers': [3888, 4080], 'Integrated': [3890], 'Circuits.Sci.': [3891], 'Adv.2015,': [3892], 'e1500257.': [3894], '18.': [3897], 'Kuehne': [3898], 'Gather': [3903], 'C.Organic': [3905], 'Lasers:': [3906], 'Recent': [3907], 'Developments': [3908], 'Materials,': [3910], 'Device': [3911], 'Geometries,': [3912], 'Techniques.Chem.': [3915], 'Rev.2016,': [3916], '116,': [3917], '12823–12864.': [3918], '19.': [3921], 'Berggren': [3922], 'M.,': [3923], 'Dodabalapur': [3924], 'A.,': [3925, 4180], 'Slusher': [3926], 'Z.Light': [3931], 'Amplification': [3932], 'Thin': [3935], 'Films': [3936], 'Cascade': [3938], 'Energy': [3939, 4508], 'Transfer.Nature1997,': [3940], '389,': [3941], '466–469.': [3942], '20.': [3945], 'Cerdán': [3946], 'Enciso': [3948], 'Martín': [3950], 'Bañuelos': [3952], 'López-Arbeloa': [3954], 'Costela': [3956], 'García-Moreno': [3958], 'I.FRET-Assisted': [3959], 'Emission': [3961], 'Colloidal': [3963], 'Suspensions': [3964], 'Dyedoped': [3966], 'Latex': [3967], 'Nanoparticles.Nat.': [3968], 'Photon.2012,': [3969], '621–626.': [3971], '21.': [3974], 'S.All-Color': [3988], 'Subwavelength': [3989], 'Output': [3990, 4084], 'Flexible': [3993], 'Microlasers.J.': [3994], 'Am.': [3995], 'Chem.': [3996, 4089], 'Soc.2017,': [3997], '139,': [3998], '11329–11332.': [3999], '22.': [4002], 'Ta': [4003], 'V.': [4004], 'He': [4013], 'Demir': [4018], 'D.Multicolor': [4023], 'Prints.Appl.': [4025], 'Phys.': [4026, 4170, 4224, 4420], 'Lett.2015,': [4027], '107,': [4028], '221103.': [4029], '23.': [4032], 'Ha': [4033], 'N.': [4034], 'Jeong': [4036], 'Nishimura': [4039], 'Suzaki': [4041], 'Ishikawa': [4043], 'Takezoe': [4045], 'H.Simultaneous': [4046], 'Red,': [4047], 'Green,': [4048], 'Blue': [4050, 4194], 'Emissions': [4052], 'Single-Pitched': [4055], 'Cholesteric': [4056, 4282], 'Liquid-Crystal': [4057, 4126, 4329], 'System.Adv.': [4058], 'Mater.2008,': [4059], '20,': [4060], '2503–2507.': [4061], '24.': [4064], 'Microcrystal': [4078], 'Vibronic': [4079], 'Full-Spectrum': [4082], 'Tunable': [4083], 'Beyond': [4085], 'Franck-Condon': [4087], 'Principle.Angew.': [4088], 'Int.': [4090], 'Ed.2018,': [4091], '57,': [4092], '3108–3112.': [4093], '25.': [4096], 'Schadt': [4097], 'M.Liquid': [4098], 'Materials': [4100], 'Displays.Annu.': [4104], 'Rev.': [4105, 4258, 4384], 'Mater.': [4106], 'Sci.1997,': [4107], '27,': [4108], '305–379.': [4109], '26.': [4112], 'Hikmet': [4113], 'Kemperman': [4117], 'H.Electrically': [4118], 'Switchable': [4119, 4513], 'Mirrors': [4120], 'Optical': [4122], 'Components': [4123], 'made': [4124], 'Gels.Nature1998,': [4127], '392,': [4128], '476–479.': [4129], '27.': [4132], 'Coles': [4133, 4159, 4306, 4361], 'Morris': [4136, 4151, 4291, 4349], 'S.Liquid-Crystal': [4137], 'Lasers.Nat.': [4138], '676–685.': [4141], '28.': [4144], 'Hands': [4145, 4294, 4354], 'P.': [4146, 4295, 4355], 'Gardiner': [4149], 'Mowatt': [4154], 'Wilkinson': [4156, 4303, 4364], 'J.Band-Edge': [4161], 'Random': [4163], 'Paintable': [4166], 'Emulsions.Appl.': [4169], 'Lett.2011,': [4171], '98,': [4172], '141102.': [4173], '29.': [4176], 'W.,': [4178], 'Munoz': [4179], 'Palffy-Muhoray': [4181], 'Taheri': [4183], 'B.Lasing': [4184], 'Three-Dimensional': [4187], 'Photonic': [4188, 4278], 'Phase': [4195], 'II.Nat.': [4196], 'Mater.2002,': [4197], '111–113.': [4199], '30.': [4202], 'Criante': [4203], 'L.,': [4204], 'Lucchetta': [4205], 'Vita': [4208], 'Castagna': [4210], 'Simoni': [4212], 'F.Distributed': [4213], 'All-Organic': [4215], 'Holographic': [4219, 4414], 'Dispersed': [4221], 'Crystals.Appl.': [4223], 'Lett.2009,': [4225], '94,': [4226, 4260], '111114.': [4227], '31.': [4230], 'Strangi': [4231], 'Barna': [4233], 'Caputo': [4235], 'Luca': [4237], 'Versace': [4240], 'Scaramuzza': [4242], 'Umeton': [4244], 'Bartolino': [4246], 'Price': [4248], 'G.': [4249, 4327, 4455], 'N.Color-Tunable': [4250], 'Microcavity': [4252], 'Feedback.Phys.': [4257], 'Lett.2005,': [4259], '063903.': [4261], '32.': [4264], 'B.,': [4270], 'S.-H.Wavelength-Tunable': [4275], 'Shape-Reconfigurable': [4277], 'Capsule': [4279], 'Resonators': [4280], 'Containing': [4281], 'Crystals.Sci.': [4284], 'Adv.2018,': [4285], 'eaat8276.': [4287], '33.': [4290], 'Findeisen-Tandel': [4298], 'Cole': [4300], 'J.Polychromatic': [4308], 'Towards': [4313], 'Display': [4314], 'Applications.Opt.': [4315], 'Express2008,': [4316], '16,': [4317], '18827–18837.': [4318], '34.': [4321], 'Woltman': [4322], 'Crawford': [4326], 'P.Patterned': [4328], 'Film': [4331, 4336], 'Multi-Dimensional': [4333], 'Multi-Color': [4334], 'Emissive': [4335], 'Technology.J.': [4337], 'Soc.': [4338], 'Inf.': [4339], 'Disp.2007,': [4340], '15,': [4341], '559–564.': [4342], '35.': [4345], 'Mavrogordatos': [4346], 'Castles': [4352], 'Ford': [4358], 'D.Density': [4366], 'Photon': [4368], 'States': [4369], 'Dye-Doped': [4371, 4413], 'Chiral': [4372], 'Nematic': [4373], 'Cells': [4376], 'Presence': [4379], 'Losses': [4381], 'Gain.Phys.': [4383], 'E2012,': [4385], '86,': [4386], '011705.': [4387], '36.': [4390], 'Shum': [4397], 'Mi': [4402], 'Ji': [4404], 'H.Low-Threshold': [4408], 'Narrow-Linewidth': [4410], 'Polymer-Dispersed': [4415], 'Transmission': [4418], 'Gratings.Appl.': [4419], 'Lett.2006,': [4421], '88,': [4422], '061107.': [4423], '37.': [4426], 'S.-T.Wide': [4432], 'Color': [4433], 'Gamut': [4434], 'LCD': [4435], 'Backlight.Opt.': [4440], 'Express2013,': [4441], '21,': [4442], '26269–26284.': [4443], '38.': [4446], 'Arsenault': [4447], 'C.,': [4449], 'Puzzo': [4450], 'P.,Manners': [4452], 'Ozin': [4454], 'A.Photonic-Crystal': [4456], 'Fullcolour': [4457], 'Photon.2007,': [4459], '468–472.': [4461], '39.': [4464], 'Deng': [4465], 'Qin': [4467], 'Hong': [4473], 'X.Temporal': [4476], 'Full-Colour': [4477], 'Tuning': [4478], 'Through': [4479], 'Non-Steady-State': [4480], 'Upconversion.Nat.': [4481], '237–242.': [4484], 'Previous': [4487], 'articleNext': [4488], 'article': [4489], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [4490], 'ByQiao': [4491], 'C,': [4492, 4494], 'Z,': [4496], 'J': [4498], 'Y': [4501], '(2021)': [4502], 'An': [4503], 'Optically': [4504], 'Reconfigurable': [4505], 'Förster': [4506], 'Resonance': [4507], 'Process': [4510], 'Broadband': [4512], 'Microlasers,': [4516], 'CCS': [4517], '(624-632)': [4520], 'Issue': [4521], 'AssignmentVolume': [4522], '2Issue': [4523], '6Page:': [4524], '369-375Supporting': [4525], 'Copyright': [4527], 'Permissions©': [4529], '2020': [4530], 'Chemical': [4532], 'SocietyKeywordslaser': [4533], 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