Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3016428805', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Computing Bayes: Bayesian Computation from 1763 to the 21st Century', 'display_name': 'Computing Bayes: Bayesian Computation from 1763 to the 21st Century', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-04-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3016428805', 'mag': '3016428805'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06425.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082817542', 'display_name': 'Gael M. Martin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-7913'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'display_name': 'Monash University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02bfwt286', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gael M. Martin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Monash#N# University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Monash#N# University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074009517', 'display_name': 'David T. Frazier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3446-2516'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'display_name': 'Monash University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02bfwt286', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David T. Frazier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Monash#N# University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Monash#N# University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080652581', 'display_name': 'Christian P. Robert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6635-3261'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56435720', 'display_name': 'Université Paris Dauphine-PSL', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052bz7812', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56435720']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'display_name': 'University of Warwick', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a77tt86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137396', 'display_name': 'Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0449khs19', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I142476485', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108488', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137396', 'https://openalex.org/I4210145102', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150854', 'https://openalex.org/I84009706']}], 'countries': ['FR', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christian P. Robert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Universite Paris-Dauphine, University of Warwick, and CREST'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Universite Paris-Dauphine, University of Warwick, and CREST', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56435720', 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137396']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.50103, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12814', 'display_name': 'Gaussian Processes in Machine Learning', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12814', 'display_name': 'Gaussian Processes in Machine Learning', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12056', 'display_name': 'Bayesian Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Inference', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12261', 'display_name': 'Statistical Mechanics with Long-Range Interactions and Nonextensivity', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference', 'display_name': 'Bayesian Inference', 'score': 0.564296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-bayesian-computation', 'display_name': 'Approximate Bayesian Computation', 'score': 0.546464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-programming', 'display_name': 'Bayesian programming', 'score': 0.51267135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-inference', 'display_name': 'Variational Inference', 'score': 0.50492}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference', 'display_name': 'Statistical Inference', 'score': 0.504843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-probability', 'display_name': 'Empirical probability', 'score': 0.44925177}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207201462', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505', 'display_name': "Bayes' theorem", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.66716737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107673813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534', 'display_name': 'Bayesian probability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65334857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6373577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101112237', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874481', 'display_name': 'Bayesian statistics', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6120812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160234255', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535', 'display_name': 'Bayesian inference', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5919329}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779377595', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21045424', 'display_name': 'Approximate Bayesian computation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5854132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57830394', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079', 'display_name': 'Posterior probability', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5126833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127043819', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16243608', 'display_name': 'Bayesian programming', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.51267135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776214188', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386', 'display_name': 'Inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.504624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45374587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525', 'display_name': 'Computation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48982474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149441793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726', 'display_name': 'Probability distribution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4579313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97933134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374249', 'display_name': 'Empirical probability', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44925177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134261354', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438', 'display_name': 'Statistical inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44159657}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43458995}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35438898}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31256074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14256951}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06425.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 268, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1188302780', 'https://openalex.org/W1483307070', 'https://openalex.org/W1508045242', 'https://openalex.org/W1513873506', 'https://openalex.org/W1514143470', 'https://openalex.org/W1520053542', 'https://openalex.org/W1527470051', 'https://openalex.org/W1531774004', 'https://openalex.org/W1546037769', 'https://openalex.org/W1548719274', 'https://openalex.org/W1565709818', 'https://openalex.org/W1571411415', 'https://openalex.org/W1572076522', 'https://openalex.org/W1586810241', 'https://openalex.org/W1591544538', 'https://openalex.org/W1594863551', 'https://openalex.org/W1599118604', 'https://openalex.org/W1658503071', 'https://openalex.org/W1663973292', 'https://openalex.org/W1752868210', 'https://openalex.org/W1759730364', 'https://openalex.org/W1793259860', 'https://openalex.org/W1816220470', 'https://openalex.org/W1830883013', 'https://openalex.org/W18553681', 'https://openalex.org/W1857342729', 'https://openalex.org/W1866929664', 'https://openalex.org/W1886713477', 'https://openalex.org/W1922851081', 'https://openalex.org/W1933639893', 'https://openalex.org/W1941028167', 'https://openalex.org/W1966017656', 'https://openalex.org/W1967239989', 'https://openalex.org/W1969466749', 'https://openalex.org/W1977569390', 'https://openalex.org/W1979905116', 'https://openalex.org/W1979969656', 'https://openalex.org/W1981227658', 'https://openalex.org/W1983452151', 'https://openalex.org/W1983628095', 'https://openalex.org/W1984837301', 'https://openalex.org/W1985037657', 'https://openalex.org/W1985093013', 'https://openalex.org/W1988520084', 'https://openalex.org/W1989034362', 'https://openalex.org/W1993786981', 'https://openalex.org/W2000867730', 'https://openalex.org/W2000911694', 'https://openalex.org/W2001994823', 'https://openalex.org/W2006988935', 'https://openalex.org/W2007846998', 'https://openalex.org/W2008205728', 'https://openalex.org/W2009985525', 'https://openalex.org/W2011626820', 'https://openalex.org/W2012610719', 'https://openalex.org/W2013164703', 'https://openalex.org/W2014208555', 'https://openalex.org/W2015731569', 'https://openalex.org/W2015749074', 'https://openalex.org/W2017696952', 'https://openalex.org/W2017899835', 'https://openalex.org/W2018304737', 'https://openalex.org/W2019747837', 'https://openalex.org/W2020999234', 'https://openalex.org/W2023943903', 'https://openalex.org/W2029164135', 'https://openalex.org/W2030911724', 'https://openalex.org/W2031294093', 'https://openalex.org/W2031988475', 'https://openalex.org/W2033900415', 'https://openalex.org/W2034795216', 'https://openalex.org/W2038429130', 'https://openalex.org/W2038604769', 'https://openalex.org/W2042770989', 'https://openalex.org/W2043719428', 'https://openalex.org/W2045973738', 'https://openalex.org/W2046185491', 'https://openalex.org/W2046357557', 'https://openalex.org/W2047978125', 'https://openalex.org/W2049696832', 'https://openalex.org/W2053332694', 'https://openalex.org/W2056760934', 'https://openalex.org/W2057565703', 'https://openalex.org/W2059424427', 'https://openalex.org/W2067392831', 'https://openalex.org/W2069271851', 'https://openalex.org/W2069739265', 'https://openalex.org/W2070928535', 'https://openalex.org/W2071988465', 'https://openalex.org/W2073412813', 'https://openalex.org/W2074711122', 'https://openalex.org/W2075466453', 'https://openalex.org/W2076197111', 'https://openalex.org/W2078095679', 'https://openalex.org/W2079672223', 'https://openalex.org/W2083875149', 'https://openalex.org/W2086333522', 'https://openalex.org/W2086421081', 'https://openalex.org/W2086573335', 'https://openalex.org/W2091860746', 'https://openalex.org/W2092124742', 'https://openalex.org/W2097175338', 'https://openalex.org/W2099471712', 'https://openalex.org/W2102685295', 'https://openalex.org/W2108207895', 'https://openalex.org/W2108306139', 'https://openalex.org/W2109690032', 'https://openalex.org/W2114220616', 'https://openalex.org/W2114449404', 'https://openalex.org/W2116416291', 'https://openalex.org/W2121052473', 'https://openalex.org/W2121448470', 'https://openalex.org/W2122891730', 'https://openalex.org/W2123368367', 'https://openalex.org/W2123726866', 'https://openalex.org/W2126736494', 'https://openalex.org/W2127056983', 'https://openalex.org/W2128306087', 'https://openalex.org/W2128709328', 'https://openalex.org/W2128981260', 'https://openalex.org/W2130715829', 'https://openalex.org/W2130797782', 'https://openalex.org/W2131143389', 'https://openalex.org/W2136796925', 'https://openalex.org/W2137824508', 'https://openalex.org/W2138204974', 'https://openalex.org/W2138309709', 'https://openalex.org/W2139812092', 'https://openalex.org/W2144898279', 'https://openalex.org/W2145536610', 'https://openalex.org/W2145860152', 'https://openalex.org/W2151729750', 'https://openalex.org/W2152828142', 'https://openalex.org/W2152977846', 'https://openalex.org/W2158746430', 'https://openalex.org/W2161130145', 'https://openalex.org/W2165429502', 'https://openalex.org/W2167030304', 'https://openalex.org/W2167266655', 'https://openalex.org/W2188956218', 'https://openalex.org/W2224136389', 'https://openalex.org/W2245310628', 'https://openalex.org/W2265910134', 'https://openalex.org/W2274286444', 'https://openalex.org/W2277729655', 'https://openalex.org/W2284983979', 'https://openalex.org/W2290583360', 'https://openalex.org/W2305001871', 'https://openalex.org/W2322957104', 'https://openalex.org/W2338133250', 'https://openalex.org/W2345070118', 'https://openalex.org/W2478027467', 'https://openalex.org/W2494636976', 'https://openalex.org/W2512401777', 'https://openalex.org/W2518303127', 'https://openalex.org/W2534708821', 'https://openalex.org/W2552977513', 'https://openalex.org/W2560068110', 'https://openalex.org/W2572702041', 'https://openalex.org/W2577537660', 'https://openalex.org/W2577843132', 'https://openalex.org/W2578091367', 'https://openalex.org/W2593094133', 'https://openalex.org/W2599969863', 'https://openalex.org/W2602422862', 'https://openalex.org/W2612481336', 'https://openalex.org/W2613615430', 'https://openalex.org/W2680365927', 'https://openalex.org/W2725765798', 'https://openalex.org/W2771093260', 'https://openalex.org/W2772314143', 'https://openalex.org/W2773666931', 'https://openalex.org/W2785182158', 'https://openalex.org/W2785484397', 'https://openalex.org/W2788863479', 'https://openalex.org/W2794515326', 'https://openalex.org/W2800420890', 'https://openalex.org/W2803585110', 'https://openalex.org/W2807771383', 'https://openalex.org/W2810256321', 'https://openalex.org/W2873705236', 'https://openalex.org/W2883664406', 'https://openalex.org/W2886379631', 'https://openalex.org/W2886995154', 'https://openalex.org/W2888809737', 'https://openalex.org/W2895152177', 'https://openalex.org/W2895410233', 'https://openalex.org/W2901112082', 'https://openalex.org/W2903042012', 'https://openalex.org/W2904402607', 'https://openalex.org/W2908820427', 'https://openalex.org/W2912102539', 'https://openalex.org/W2912819213', 'https://openalex.org/W2916041869', 'https://openalex.org/W2922324147', 'https://openalex.org/W2935209189', 'https://openalex.org/W2939976038', 'https://openalex.org/W2944004774', 'https://openalex.org/W2947082575', 'https://openalex.org/W2951601728', 'https://openalex.org/W2952464175', 'https://openalex.org/W2953651708', 'https://openalex.org/W2954040150', 'https://openalex.org/W2958192850', 'https://openalex.org/W2962690136', 'https://openalex.org/W2962715865', 'https://openalex.org/W2962718473', 'https://openalex.org/W2962760547', 'https://openalex.org/W2962767364', 'https://openalex.org/W2962868501', 'https://openalex.org/W2962909381', 'https://openalex.org/W2962940259', 'https://openalex.org/W2963015295', 'https://openalex.org/W2963220083', 'https://openalex.org/W2963254535', 'https://openalex.org/W2963468723', 'https://openalex.org/W2963495973', 'https://openalex.org/W2963690804', 'https://openalex.org/W2963723232', 'https://openalex.org/W2963977107', 'https://openalex.org/W2964036097', 'https://openalex.org/W2964129402', 'https://openalex.org/W2965330733', 'https://openalex.org/W2970602062', 'https://openalex.org/W2972963581', 'https://openalex.org/W2974222084', 'https://openalex.org/W2985133332', 'https://openalex.org/W2990572911', 'https://openalex.org/W2990573086', 'https://openalex.org/W2994724413', 'https://openalex.org/W2995367529', 'https://openalex.org/W2997949782', 'https://openalex.org/W3005512703', 'https://openalex.org/W3007802979', 'https://openalex.org/W3022264239', 'https://openalex.org/W3037265734', 'https://openalex.org/W3038011260', 'https://openalex.org/W3043664469', 'https://openalex.org/W3083113686', 'https://openalex.org/W3094610109', 'https://openalex.org/W3098926670', 'https://openalex.org/W3099663651', 'https://openalex.org/W3101369585', 'https://openalex.org/W3101380508', 'https://openalex.org/W3101948118', 'https://openalex.org/W3102137642', 'https://openalex.org/W3102444230', 'https://openalex.org/W3103913416', 'https://openalex.org/W3104370808', 'https://openalex.org/W3105056987', 'https://openalex.org/W3106529729', 'https://openalex.org/W3121290475', 'https://openalex.org/W3122142519', 'https://openalex.org/W3122150532', 'https://openalex.org/W3122221749', 'https://openalex.org/W3123239371', 'https://openalex.org/W3124193050', 'https://openalex.org/W3125384693', 'https://openalex.org/W3125775736', 'https://openalex.org/W3125810650', 'https://openalex.org/W3129501582', 'https://openalex.org/W3144476404', 'https://openalex.org/W316995536', 'https://openalex.org/W603679014', 'https://openalex.org/W609709358', 'https://openalex.org/W621546036', 'https://openalex.org/W639587122', 'https://openalex.org/W87152119'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W71234659', 'https://openalex.org/W564823429', 'https://openalex.org/W3212280726', 'https://openalex.org/W3135386670', 'https://openalex.org/W3103448631', 'https://openalex.org/W2951131157', 'https://openalex.org/W2883728926', 'https://openalex.org/W2791798972', 'https://openalex.org/W2475512289', 'https://openalex.org/W2361222117', 'https://openalex.org/W2296613398', 'https://openalex.org/W2149858466', 'https://openalex.org/W2069469807', 'https://openalex.org/W201949389', 'https://openalex.org/W159648608', 'https://openalex.org/W1544765875', 'https://openalex.org/W1518615506', 'https://openalex.org/W1506173723', 'https://openalex.org/W148225861', 'https://openalex.org/W108536444'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 146], 'Bayesian': [1, 23, 55, 68, 95, 164], 'statistical': [2], 'paradigm': [3], 'uses': [4], 'the': [5, 13, 26, 50, 58, 77, 88, 98, 107, 122, 126, 173, 193], 'language': [6], 'of': [7, 28, 52, 60, 94, 172, 175], 'probability': [8, 29, 34, 65], 'to': [9, 31, 49, 117, 149, 166], 'express': [10], 'uncertainty': [11], 'about': [12, 72], 'phenomena': [14], 'that': [15, 178, 195], 'generate': [16], 'observed': [17], 'data.': [18, 53], 'Probability': [19], 'distributions': [20, 35, 66], 'thus': [21], 'characterize': [22], 'inference,': [24], 'with': [25, 106], 'rules': [27], 'used': [30], 'transform': [32], 'prior': [33], 'for': [36], 'all': [37, 71, 130, 139], 'unknowns': [38, 123], '-': [39, 44, 155, 169], 'models,': [40], 'parameters,': [41], 'latent': [42], 'variables': [43], 'into': [45, 133], 'posterior': [46], 'distributions,': [47], 'subsequent': [48], 'observation': [51], 'Conducting': [54], 'inference': [56], 'requires': [57], 'evaluation': [59], 'integrals': [61, 75], 'in': [62, 76, 114, 120, 125, 153, 161], 'which': [63, 121], 'these': [64], 'appear.': [67], 'computation': [69, 96], 'is': [70, 148], 'evaluating': [73], 'such': [74], 'typical': [78], 'case': [79], 'where': [80], 'no': [81], 'analytical': [82], 'solution': [83], 'exists.': [84], 'This': [85], 'paper': [86], 'takes': [87], 'reader': [89], 'on': [90, 181], 'a': [91, 102, 134, 143, 163], 'chronological': [92], 'tour': [93], 'over': [97], 'past': [99], 'two': [100], 'and': [101, 137, 156, 185, 191], 'half': [103], 'centuries.': [104], 'Beginning': [105], 'one-dimensional': [108], 'integral': [109], 'first': [110], 'confronted': [111], 'by': [112], 'Bayes': [113], '1763,': [115], 'through': [116], 'recent': [118], 'problems': [119, 132], 'number': [124], 'millions,': [127], 'we': [128], 'place': [129], 'computational': [131, 140, 176], 'common': [135, 144], 'framework,': [136], 'describe': [138], 'methods': [141, 188], 'using': [142], 'notation.': [145], 'aim': [147], 'help': [150], 'new': [151], 'researchers': [152], 'particular': [154], 'more': [157], 'generally': [158], 'those': [159], 'interested': [160], 'adopting': [162], 'approach': [165], 'empirical': [167], 'work': [168], 'make': [170], 'sense': [171], 'plethora': [174], 'techniques': [177], 'are': [179, 189], 'now': [180], 'offer;': [182], 'understand': [183], 'when': [184], 'why': [186], 'different': [187], 'useful;': [190], 'see': [192], 'links': [194], 'do': [196], 'exist,': [197], 'between': [198], 'them': [199], 'all.': [200]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016428805', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-12T01:01:44.295186', 'created_date': '2020-04-24'}