Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3015562293', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.34257/gjcstgvol20is2pg41', 'title': 'Spectrum-based Fault Localization Techniques Application on Multiple-Fault Programs: A Review', 'display_name': 'Spectrum-based Fault Localization Techniques Application on Multiple-Fault Programs: A Review', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-03-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3015562293', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.34257/gjcstgvol20is2pg41', 'mag': '3015562293'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.34257/gjcstgvol20is2pg41', 'pdf_url': 'https://computerresearch.org/index.php/computer/article/download/1904/1888', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202283', 'display_name': 'Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology', 'issn_l': '0975-4172', 'issn': ['0975-4172'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321940', 'host_organization_name': 'Global Journals', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310321940'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Global Journals'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://computerresearch.org/index.php/computer/article/download/1904/1888', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029761443', 'display_name': 'Abubakar Zakari', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-0666'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Abubakar Zakari', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064823946', 'display_name': 'Shamsu Abdullahi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shamsu Abdullahi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073303820', 'display_name': 'Nura Modi Shagari', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1582-2432'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nura Modi Shagari', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068498809', 'display_name': 'Abubakar Bello Tambawal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-4392'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Abubakar Bello Tambawal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046116013', 'display_name': 'Nuruddeen Musa Shanono', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nuruddeen Musa Shanono', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029777015', 'display_name': 'Jaafar Zubairu Maitama', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-8978'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jaafar Zubairu Maitama', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076129473', 'display_name': 'Rasheed Abubakar Rasheed', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-1687'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rasheed Abubakar Rasheed', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101473050', 'display_name': 'Alhassan Adamu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-2821'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alhassan Adamu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060710755', 'display_name': 'Salish Mamman Abdulrahman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'display_name': 'Kano State University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042rjfn67', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'display_name': 'University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bj7sh33', 'country_code': 'YE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118692353']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88761825', 'display_name': 'Korea University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000qzf213', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'display_name': 'Bayero University Kano', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049pzty39', 'country_code': 'NG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}], 'countries': ['KR', 'MY', 'NG', 'YE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Salish Mamman Abdulrahman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'Kano University of Science and Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kano University of Science and Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152770']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano, 3011 BUK Kano, Nigeria.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I919958821']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5029761443'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'https://openalex.org/I919958821', 'https://openalex.org/I4210152770', 'https://openalex.org/I118692353', 'https://openalex.org/I88761825'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.557, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.882353, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '41', 'last_page': '48'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10743', 'display_name': 'Automated Software Testing Techniques', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1712', 'display_name': 'Software'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10743', 'display_name': 'Automated Software Testing Techniques', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1712', 'display_name': 'Software'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12423', 'display_name': 'Software Reliability Assessment and Prediction', 'score': 0.9936, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1712', 'display_name': 'Software'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10260', 'display_name': 'Empirical Studies in Software Engineering', 'score': 0.9903, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-fault-localization', 'display_name': 'Software Fault Localization', 'score': 0.672119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug', 'display_name': 'Software bug', 'score': 0.6654895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bug-localization', 'display_name': 'Bug Localization', 'score': 0.601912}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reliability-modeling', 'display_name': 'Software Reliability Modeling', 'score': 0.581275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defect-prediction', 'display_name': 'Software Defect Prediction', 'score': 0.571287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-correction', 'display_name': 'Fault Detection and Correction', 'score': 0.539679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-fault-tolerance', 'display_name': 'Software fault tolerance', 'score': 0.48179907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-program-debugging', 'display_name': 'Algorithmic program debugging', 'score': 0.4387178}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168065819', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566', 'display_name': 'Debugging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9769913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.82577336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1009929', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550', 'display_name': 'Software bug', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6654895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175551986', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089', 'display_name': 'Fault (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6446586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777904410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397', 'display_name': 'Software', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5777341}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152745839', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153', 'display_name': 'Fault detection and isolation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49556935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50712370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4269346', 'display_name': 'Software fault tolerance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48179907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44503227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136388014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976', 'display_name': 'Algorithmic program debugging', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4387178}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149635348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040', 'display_name': 'Embedded system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38334054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115903868', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993', 'display_name': 'Software engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36483768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3347623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79403827', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988', 'display_name': 'Real-time computing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3338291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15671632}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165205528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371', 'display_name': 'Seismology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C172707124', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488', 'display_name': 'Actuator', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.34257/gjcstgvol20is2pg41', 'pdf_url': 'https://computerresearch.org/index.php/computer/article/download/1904/1888', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202283', 'display_name': 'Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology', 'issn_l': '0975-4172', 'issn': ['0975-4172'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321940', 'host_organization_name': 'Global Journals', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310321940'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Global Journals'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.34257/gjcstgvol20is2pg41', 'pdf_url': 'https://computerresearch.org/index.php/computer/article/download/1904/1888', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202283', 'display_name': 'Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology', 'issn_l': '0975-4172', 'issn': ['0975-4172'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321940', 'host_organization_name': 'Global Journals', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310321940'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Global Journals'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 61, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1965079286', 'https://openalex.org/W1972391765', 'https://openalex.org/W1979258247', 'https://openalex.org/W1985425058', 'https://openalex.org/W2010833880', 'https://openalex.org/W2012890604', 'https://openalex.org/W2013655083', 'https://openalex.org/W2037313416', 'https://openalex.org/W2038777498', 'https://openalex.org/W2059197810', 'https://openalex.org/W2062660493', 'https://openalex.org/W2075194522', 'https://openalex.org/W2092742242', 'https://openalex.org/W2101819268', 'https://openalex.org/W2106956101', 'https://openalex.org/W2118450335', 'https://openalex.org/W2119114407', 'https://openalex.org/W2119269793', 'https://openalex.org/W2126941999', 'https://openalex.org/W2128049346', 'https://openalex.org/W2130359903', 'https://openalex.org/W2138084992', 'https://openalex.org/W2147699889', 'https://openalex.org/W2148707179', 'https://openalex.org/W2155070368', 'https://openalex.org/W2168561184', 'https://openalex.org/W2169715712', 'https://openalex.org/W2172062914', 'https://openalex.org/W2198343863', 'https://openalex.org/W2290416502', 'https://openalex.org/W2343875716', 'https://openalex.org/W2344949959', 'https://openalex.org/W2470944315', 'https://openalex.org/W2490616766', 'https://openalex.org/W2514300030', 'https://openalex.org/W2517752382', 'https://openalex.org/W2519672221', 'https://openalex.org/W2556579591', 'https://openalex.org/W2561111565', 'https://openalex.org/W2574823869', 'https://openalex.org/W2578469907', 'https://openalex.org/W259160864', 'https://openalex.org/W2605345283', 'https://openalex.org/W2609398547', 'https://openalex.org/W2615681808', 'https://openalex.org/W2617832356', 'https://openalex.org/W2620081107', 'https://openalex.org/W2728378666', 'https://openalex.org/W2735706718', 'https://openalex.org/W2738650588', 'https://openalex.org/W2743963224', 'https://openalex.org/W2755724241', 'https://openalex.org/W2790868221', 'https://openalex.org/W2791842304', 'https://openalex.org/W2886759516', 'https://openalex.org/W2942211708', 'https://openalex.org/W2942311055', 'https://openalex.org/W4241947695', 'https://openalex.org/W4244902112', 'https://openalex.org/W4252835114', 'https://openalex.org/W4254003945'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4206999239', 'https://openalex.org/W2801084903', 'https://openalex.org/W2786113878', 'https://openalex.org/W2396596882', 'https://openalex.org/W2377280071', 'https://openalex.org/W2375626968', 'https://openalex.org/W2161928627', 'https://openalex.org/W2119199043', 'https://openalex.org/W2098290990', 'https://openalex.org/W2060682672'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Software': [0], 'fault': [1, 34, 44, 99], 'localization': [2, 35, 45], 'is': [3, 90], 'one': [4], 'of': [5, 41, 82, 94, 105], 'the': [6, 16, 29, 72, 110, 115], 'most': [7], 'tedious': [8], 'and': [9, 55, 64, 77, 102], 'costly': [10], 'activities': [11], 'in': [12, 15, 22, 58, 67, 79, 114], 'program': [13], 'debugging': [14, 46, 57, 96], 'endeavor': [17], 'to': [18, 69], 'identify': [19], 'faults': [20, 61, 107], 'locations': [21], 'a': [23, 91], 'software': [24, 116], 'program.': [25], 'In': [26], 'this': [27, 80], 'paper,': [28], 'studies': [30], 'that': [31, 38, 88, 108], 'used': [32], 'spectrum-based': [33], '(SBFL)': [36], 'techniques': [37, 112], 'makes': [39], 'use': [40, 104], 'different': [42], 'multiple': [43, 60], 'methods': [47], 'such': [48], 'as': [49], 'one-bug-at-a-time': [50], '(OBA)': [51], 'debugging,': [52, 54], 'parallel': [53], 'simultaneous': [56], 'localizing': [59], 'are': [62], 'classified': [63], 'critically': [65], 'analyzed': [66], 'order': [68], 'extensively': [70], 'discuss': [71], 'current': [73], 'research': [74], 'trends,': [75], 'issues,': [76], 'challenges': [78], 'field': [81], 'study.': [83], 'The': [84], 'outcome': [85], 'strongly': [86], 'shows': [87], 'there': [89], 'high': [92], 'utilization': [93], 'OBA': [95], 'method,': [97], 'poor': [98], 'isolation': [100], 'accuracy,': [101], 'dominant': [103], 'artificial': [106], 'limit': [109], 'existing': [111], 'applicability': [113], 'industry.': [117]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3015562293', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-21T21:57:07.600300', 'created_date': '2020-04-17'}