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'metabolites': [377], 'derived': [378, 744], 'from': [379, 745, 1048, 1417], 'retinol': [380], 'esters': [383], 'ligand': [387], 'responsible': [388], 'activation': [391], 'nuclear': [394, 1982], 'receptor': [395], 'retinoic': [396, 517, 777, 851, 932, 1913, 1983], 'receptors': [398], '(RAR).': [399], 'Once': [400], 'active,': [401], 'RAR': [402, 416, 426, 559, 685], 'function': [404], 'transcriptional': [406, 689], 'activators': [407], 'repressors,': [409], 'depending': [410], 'co-factors': [413], 'bound,': [414], 'proper': [420, 702], 'mammalian': [421], 'skeletal': [422, 1946], 'limb': [424, 1922], 'development.27,28': [425], 'signaling': [427, 686, 853, 926, 1894], 'less': [432], 'clear.': [433], 'Using': [434], 'model': [438], 'systems,': [439], 'one': [440], 'ATRA': [444, 463, 500, 660, 736, 756, 774, 987], 'prevented': [445], 'heterotopic': [446, 1979], 'calcification,29': [447], 'while': [448, 552, 670, 752, 820, 875], 'another': [449], 'it': [452, 858], 'promoted': [453, 563], 'valve': [454, 549, 698, 984, 1026, 1412, 1425, 1548, 2009], 'calcification.30Considering': [455], 'divergent': [457], 'findings': [458, 723, 1002], 'role': [461, 498, 1375, 1944, 2111], 'murine': [465], 'vascular': [466, 480, 502, 645, 873, 894, 919, 979, 1013, 1235, 1329, 1495, 2087], 'models,': [468], 'known': [471], 'current': [485], 'issue': [486], 'Arteriosclerosis,': [488, 2225], 'Biology,': [492], 'Rogers': [493, 729, 1404, 2021, 2077], 'et': [494, 730, 1223, 1408, 1575, 1616, 1651, 1690, 1817, 1890, 1974, 2083, 2171, 2223], 'al31': [495], 'investigated': [496], 'utilizing': [504], 'cells.': [509, 700, 986, 1018], 'They': [510, 749], 'supplementation': [513], 'ATRA,': [515, 629], 'isomer': [519], '9-cis-RA,': [520], 'acyclic': [525, 765, 864, 937, 2136, 2180], 'synthetic': [526, 764, 863, 938], 'retinoid,': [527, 865, 2181], 'peretinoin': [528, 662, 738, 767, 836, 897, 940, 998], '(generic': [529], 'name,': [530], 'NIK-333': [531], 'Kowa': [532], 'Company,': [533], 'Ltd),': 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'protein.32': [617], 'In': [618], 'study,': [621], 'showed': [623], 'presence': [627], 'transcription': [631, 654, 671, 957, 975, 1228], 'activity': [637], 'vesicles.': [640], 'Regarding': [641], 'transition': [643], 'expression': [647, 807, 945, 962, 991, 1474], 'master': [650], 'regulator': [651], 'RUNX2': [652, 955], '(runt-related': [653, 956], 'factor': [655, 958, 976, 1229], '2)': [656, 959], 'decreased': [658, 989], 'when': [659], 'administered': [664], 'during': [665, 966], 'vitro': [667], 'experiments,': [669], 'endogenous': [674, 754], 'MGP': [677, 969], '(matrix': [678], 'GLA': [679, 971, 1862], 'protein),': [680], 'increased,': [682], 'illustrating': [683], 'inhibits': [687], 'programs': [690], 'Maintaining': [701], 'homeostasis': [703], 'between': [704, 1785], 'vasculature': [709], 'critical,': [711], 'elegantly': [713], 'presented': [714], 'Thompson': [716, 2102], 'Towler33;': [718], 'thus': [719], 'leverage': [721], 'their': [722, 790], 'toward': [724], 'development': 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'indicate': [1020], 'cells;': [1023], 'VICs,': [1025], 'cells.AcknowledgmentsI': [1028], 'thank': [1029], 'Jason': [1030], 'Dobbins': [1031], 'his': [1033], 'careful': [1034], 'reading': [1035], 'editorial': [1037], 'support.Sources': [1038], 'FundingDr': [1040], 'supported': [1044], 'grant': [1046], 'HL142932': [1047], 'National': [1050], 'Institutes': [1051], 'Health': [1053], 'Pittsburgh': [1058], 'School': [1059], 'Medicine.DisclosuresNone.FootnotesFor': [1061], 'Sources': [1062], 'Funding': [1064], 'Disclosures,': [1066], 'see': [1067], '504.Correspondence': [1069], 'protected]eduReferences1.': [1096], 'Meyers': [1097], 'C,': [1098, 1108, 1325, 1348, 1466, 1597, 1605, 1675, 1959, 1965, 2064], 'Lisiecki': [1099], 'J,': [1100, 1216, 1320, 1568, 2024], 'Miller': [1101], 'S,': [1102, 1159, 1206, 1220, 1464, 1510, 1636, 1689, 1876, 1878, 1886, 2026, 2030, 2158], 'Levin': [1103], 'A,': [1104, 1210, 1218, 1603, 1640, 1687, 2074, 2160], 'Fayad': [1105], 'L,': [1106, 1508, 1717, 1810], 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