Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3003348492', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13456', 'title': 'Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research', 'display_name': 'Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-01-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3003348492', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13456', 'mag': '3003348492', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31997566', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7497049'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13456', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ele.13456', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S80967739', 'display_name': 'Ecology Letters', 'issn_l': '1461-023X', 'issn': ['1461-023X', '1461-0248'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ele.13456', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059590788', 'display_name': 'Andrew Gonzalez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-8081'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5023651', 'display_name': 'McGill University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pxwe438', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew Gonzalez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montreal H3A 1B1 Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montreal H3A 1B1 Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078132418', 'display_name': 'Rachel M. Germain', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1270-6639'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I822440', 'display_name': 'Okanagan University College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mxmh518', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I822440']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rachel M. Germain', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['UBC - University of British Columbia (Vancouver Campus, , 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 / \r\nOkanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 - Canada)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UBC - University of British Columbia (Vancouver Campus, , 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 / \r\nOkanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 - Canada)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I822440']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044284826', 'display_name': 'Diane S. Srivastava', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-5595'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I822440', 'display_name': 'Okanagan University College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mxmh518', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I822440']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Diane S. Srivastava', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['UBC - University of British Columbia (Vancouver Campus, , 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 / \r\nOkanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 - Canada)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'UBC - University of British Columbia (Vancouver Campus, , 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 / \r\nOkanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7 - Canada)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I822440', 'https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065322533', 'display_name': 'Élise Filotas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-5492'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200745827', 'display_name': 'Université TÉLUQ', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/007y6q934', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200745827', 'https://openalex.org/I49663120']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159129438', 'display_name': 'Université du Québec à Montréal', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002rjbv21', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159129438', 'https://openalex.org/I49663120']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Elise Filotas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Forest Research Département Science et Technologie Université du Québec 5800 Saint-Denis, Téluq Montreal H2S 3L5 Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Forest Research Département Science et Technologie Université du Québec 5800 Saint-Denis, Téluq Montreal H2S 3L5 Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I200745827', 'https://openalex.org/I159129438']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033730022', 'display_name': 'Laura E. Dee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-1371'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I188538660', 'display_name': 'University of Colorado Boulder', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02ttsq026', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I188538660']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Laura E. Dee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I188538660']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037256938', 'display_name': 'Dominique Gravel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-7076'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135117807', 'display_name': 'Université de Sherbrooke', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00kybxq39', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135117807']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dominique Gravel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135117807']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017037142', 'display_name': 'Patrick L. Thompson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-9045'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Patrick L. Thompson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The University of British Columbia - Department of Zoology (6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4 - Canada)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of British Columbia - Department of Zoology (6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4 - Canada)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061157965', 'display_name': 'Forest Isbell', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-769X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130238516', 'display_name': 'University of Minnesota', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zqws13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Forest Isbell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100674425', 'display_name': 'Shaopeng Wang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-8879'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20231570', 'display_name': 'Peking University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02v51f717', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20231570']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shaopeng Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University 100871 Beijing China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University 100871 Beijing China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20231570']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000648368', 'display_name': 'Sonia Kéfi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-7770'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210105943', 'display_name': "Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cah1n37', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I131077856', 'https://openalex.org/I159885104', 'https://openalex.org/I19894307', 'https://openalex.org/I2746051580', 'https://openalex.org/I2802818602', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090127', 'https://openalex.org/I4210105943', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107625', 'https://openalex.org/I4210131494', 'https://openalex.org/I4210166444']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sonia Kéfi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Place E. Bataillon CC 064 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 - France)"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Place E. Bataillon CC 064 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 - France)", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105943']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052091444', 'display_name': 'José M. Montoya', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-7592'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824', 'display_name': 'Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05d6wfd23', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I134560555', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107625', 'https://openalex.org/I4210123595', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jose Montoya', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162824', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089442855', 'display_name': 'Yuval R. Zelnik', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-8756'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824', 'display_name': 'Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05d6wfd23', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I134560555', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107625', 'https://openalex.org/I4210123595', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuval R. Zelnik', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015141521', 'display_name': 'Michel Loreau', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-495X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824', 'display_name': 'Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05d6wfd23', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I134560555', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107625', 'https://openalex.org/I4210123595', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michel Loreau', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162824']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 12, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 5050, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5050, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 5050, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5050, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 10.966, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 336, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.995192, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '23', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '757', 'last_page': '776'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10005', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2309', 'display_name': 'Nature and Landscape Conservation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11913', 'display_name': 'Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/metacommunity', 'display_name': 'Metacommunity', 'score': 0.6842432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-scales', 'display_name': 'Temporal scales', 'score': 0.4853043}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110872660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813', 'display_name': 'Ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72897387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130217890', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041', 'display_name': 'Biodiversity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.711575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778899818', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822432', 'display_name': 'Metacommunity', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6842432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.67713034}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778755073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537', 'display_name': 'Scale (ratio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5887889}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158709400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586', 'display_name': 'Spatial ecology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54443526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.533087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99844830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924', 'display_name': 'Scaling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49883747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777489503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936', 'display_name': 'Temporal scales', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4853043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107826830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380', 'display_name': 'Environmental resource management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47589716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.32823753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31840795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2728361}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1410132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58640448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515', 'display_name': 'Cartography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06985471}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47559259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143', 'display_name': 'Biological dispersal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.06863698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D044822', 'descriptor_name': 'Biodiversity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017753', 'descriptor_name': 'Ecosystem', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004463', 'descriptor_name': 'Ecology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020387', 'descriptor_name': 'Food Chain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 7, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13456', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ele.13456', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S80967739', 'display_name': 'Ecology Letters', 'issn_l': '1461-023X', 'issn': ['1461-023X', '1461-0248'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02499455', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-02499455/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02499455/file/Gonzalez%20et%20al.Ecol.%20Lett.%202020.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02499455/file/Gonzalez%20et%20al.Ecol.%20Lett.%202020.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02499455/document', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02499455/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03009298/document', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03009298/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7497049', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31997566', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13456', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ele.13456', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S80967739', 'display_name': 'Ecology Letters', 'issn_l': '1461-023X', 'issn': ['1461-023X', '1461-0248'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.59, 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': '666971'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': '12'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': '726176'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322337', 'funder_display_name': 'Killam Trusts', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332999', 'funder_display_name': 'Horizon 2020 Framework Programme', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334593', 'funder_display_name': 'Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320338335', 'funder_display_name': 'H2020 European Research Council', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 229, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1500048837', 'https://openalex.org/W1501716378', 'https://openalex.org/W1516659296', 'https://openalex.org/W1547453377', 'https://openalex.org/W1575330260', 'https://openalex.org/W1627180673', 'https://openalex.org/W1768310950', 'https://openalex.org/W1931314274', 'https://openalex.org/W1938871389', 'https://openalex.org/W1964570521', 'https://openalex.org/W1970398698', 'https://openalex.org/W1970676573', 'https://openalex.org/W1970868035', 'https://openalex.org/W1972606930', 'https://openalex.org/W1973311669', 'https://openalex.org/W1976156597', 'https://openalex.org/W1981819579', 'https://openalex.org/W1982092412', 'https://openalex.org/W1982639246', 'https://openalex.org/W1984891176', 'https://openalex.org/W1986706966', 'https://openalex.org/W1988387288', 'https://openalex.org/W1990273831', 'https://openalex.org/W1996750571', 'https://openalex.org/W2003251517', 'https://openalex.org/W2008883926', 'https://openalex.org/W2009550135', 'https://openalex.org/W2016260129', 'https://openalex.org/W2017314946', 'https://openalex.org/W2030391896', 'https://openalex.org/W2034228242', 'https://openalex.org/W2041318431', 'https://openalex.org/W2042923864', 'https://openalex.org/W2046673364', 'https://openalex.org/W2047152814', 'https://openalex.org/W2048640169', 'https://openalex.org/W2050549994', 'https://openalex.org/W2051660452', 'https://openalex.org/W2054050425', 'https://openalex.org/W2054872285', 'https://openalex.org/W2061128449', 'https://openalex.org/W2064079357', 'https://openalex.org/W2065576541', 'https://openalex.org/W2070678594', 'https://openalex.org/W2071560728', 'https://openalex.org/W2071579238', 'https://openalex.org/W2074845108', 'https://openalex.org/W2075805040', 'https://openalex.org/W2077386488', 'https://openalex.org/W2079339460', 'https://openalex.org/W2079647856', 'https://openalex.org/W2085266062', 'https://openalex.org/W2086093821', 'https://openalex.org/W2087561878', 'https://openalex.org/W2088837665', 'https://openalex.org/W2089179733', 'https://openalex.org/W2089225891', 'https://openalex.org/W2094235590', 'https://openalex.org/W2097662881', 'https://openalex.org/W2101166030', 'https://openalex.org/W2101695361', 'https://openalex.org/W2102064779', 'https://openalex.org/W2103317434', 'https://openalex.org/W2104997363', 'https://openalex.org/W2105156559', 'https://openalex.org/W2105507495', 'https://openalex.org/W2105620701', 'https://openalex.org/W2105947072', 'https://openalex.org/W2105969899', 'https://openalex.org/W2107740037', 'https://openalex.org/W2109257334', 'https://openalex.org/W2110715741', 'https://openalex.org/W2111806697', 'https://openalex.org/W2113079967', 'https://openalex.org/W2115807072', 'https://openalex.org/W2116024472', 'https://openalex.org/W2116044661', 'https://openalex.org/W2117416206', 'https://openalex.org/W2119604060', 'https://openalex.org/W2120162478', 'https://openalex.org/W2120405557', 'https://openalex.org/W2120634709', 'https://openalex.org/W2120660679', 'https://openalex.org/W2123754821', 'https://openalex.org/W2126532874', 'https://openalex.org/W2127597920', 'https://openalex.org/W2128288508', 'https://openalex.org/W2130385086', 'https://openalex.org/W2130811469', 'https://openalex.org/W2130811880', 'https://openalex.org/W2132346903', 'https://openalex.org/W2138077181', 'https://openalex.org/W2138325285', 'https://openalex.org/W2138847037', 'https://openalex.org/W2138937433', 'https://openalex.org/W2140404589', 'https://openalex.org/W2142329269', 'https://openalex.org/W2142592642', 'https://openalex.org/W2143027491', 'https://openalex.org/W2143117649', 'https://openalex.org/W2144845076', 'https://openalex.org/W2146456919', 'https://openalex.org/W2146616239', 'https://openalex.org/W2146973339', 'https://openalex.org/W2148252262', 'https://openalex.org/W2148377623', 'https://openalex.org/W2150237157', 'https://openalex.org/W2151255932', 'https://openalex.org/W2152406815', 'https://openalex.org/W2152512881', 'https://openalex.org/W2152643012', 'https://openalex.org/W2154383837', 'https://openalex.org/W2154714927', 'https://openalex.org/W2156240264', 'https://openalex.org/W2156480673', 'https://openalex.org/W2160195242', 'https://openalex.org/W2160361019', 'https://openalex.org/W2160982029', 'https://openalex.org/W2163821821', 'https://openalex.org/W2164109186', 'https://openalex.org/W2164850340', 'https://openalex.org/W2166069557', 'https://openalex.org/W2166782933', 'https://openalex.org/W2178674850', 'https://openalex.org/W2227218617', 'https://openalex.org/W2263060951', 'https://openalex.org/W2270456711', 'https://openalex.org/W2279822005', 'https://openalex.org/W2296283279', 'https://openalex.org/W2310820768', 'https://openalex.org/W2311195976', 'https://openalex.org/W2332715192', 'https://openalex.org/W2338049369', 'https://openalex.org/W2341431451', 'https://openalex.org/W2343897692', 'https://openalex.org/W2344029424', 'https://openalex.org/W2344316365', 'https://openalex.org/W2346994746', 'https://openalex.org/W2349790699', 'https://openalex.org/W2379629618', 'https://openalex.org/W2462868383', 'https://openalex.org/W2464287024', 'https://openalex.org/W2465825176', 'https://openalex.org/W2473585668', 'https://openalex.org/W2479094435', 'https://openalex.org/W2489328425', 'https://openalex.org/W2502432972', 'https://openalex.org/W2507581493', 'https://openalex.org/W2510167197', 'https://openalex.org/W2519343095', 'https://openalex.org/W2520225585', 'https://openalex.org/W2527752000', 'https://openalex.org/W2534198569', 'https://openalex.org/W2547104212', 'https://openalex.org/W2550877465', 'https://openalex.org/W2553150915', 'https://openalex.org/W2560323734', 'https://openalex.org/W2560615253', 'https://openalex.org/W2560731657', 'https://openalex.org/W2560970169', 'https://openalex.org/W2569951966', 'https://openalex.org/W2571617111', 'https://openalex.org/W2587102037', 'https://openalex.org/W2592151499', 'https://openalex.org/W2606491392', 'https://openalex.org/W2611853687', 'https://openalex.org/W2616016003', 'https://openalex.org/W2618505311', 'https://openalex.org/W2619785354', 'https://openalex.org/W2619832313', 'https://openalex.org/W2730944695', 'https://openalex.org/W2739053335', 'https://openalex.org/W2743192961', 'https://openalex.org/W2752312774', 'https://openalex.org/W2752579898', 'https://openalex.org/W2753632495', 'https://openalex.org/W2754577616', 'https://openalex.org/W2757171664', 'https://openalex.org/W2758719065', 'https://openalex.org/W2765086994', 'https://openalex.org/W2765441343', 'https://openalex.org/W2772581529', 'https://openalex.org/W2783397339', 'https://openalex.org/W2784220415', 'https://openalex.org/W2786446415', 'https://openalex.org/W2790455749', 'https://openalex.org/W2792358649', 'https://openalex.org/W2796000080', 'https://openalex.org/W2797242234', 'https://openalex.org/W2802742804', 'https://openalex.org/W2803201741', 'https://openalex.org/W2803203359', 'https://openalex.org/W2804393730', 'https://openalex.org/W2804809178', 'https://openalex.org/W2806624926', 'https://openalex.org/W2884169868', 'https://openalex.org/W2885788537', 'https://openalex.org/W2886762354', 'https://openalex.org/W2886938767', 'https://openalex.org/W2899536731', 'https://openalex.org/W2909080277', 'https://openalex.org/W2910295117', 'https://openalex.org/W2910402062', 'https://openalex.org/W2911943116', 'https://openalex.org/W2916961622', 'https://openalex.org/W2918936118', 'https://openalex.org/W2920102016', 'https://openalex.org/W2921171238', 'https://openalex.org/W2922800812', 'https://openalex.org/W2924938219', 'https://openalex.org/W2926255641', 'https://openalex.org/W2940072816', 'https://openalex.org/W2945623452', 'https://openalex.org/W2946503902', 'https://openalex.org/W2949047145', 'https://openalex.org/W2951892944', 'https://openalex.org/W2968858485', 'https://openalex.org/W2970385142', 'https://openalex.org/W3098175306', 'https://openalex.org/W3102426116', 'https://openalex.org/W414869197', 'https://openalex.org/W416567495', 'https://openalex.org/W4233838333', 'https://openalex.org/W4233859791', 'https://openalex.org/W4290827124', 'https://openalex.org/W4298441775', 'https://openalex.org/W4301477402', 'https://openalex.org/W766523909', 'https://openalex.org/W83726805'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4399578624', 'https://openalex.org/W4293353711', 'https://openalex.org/W3118029193', 'https://openalex.org/W3093840164', 'https://openalex.org/W3009279344', 'https://openalex.org/W2889550009', 'https://openalex.org/W2343064381', 'https://openalex.org/W2172188999', 'https://openalex.org/W2146332822', 'https://openalex.org/W1589731803'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'A': [1], 'rich': [2], 'body': [3], 'of': [4, 43, 147, 157, 178, 187, 197], 'knowledge': [5], 'links': [6], 'biodiversity': [7, 199], 'to': [8], 'ecosystem': [9, 55, 127], 'functioning': [10], '(BEF),': [11], 'but': [12], 'it': [13], 'is': [14], 'primarily': [15], 'focused': [16], 'on': [17, 184], 'small': [18], 'scales.': [19, 165], 'We': [20, 129, 166], 'review': [21], 'the': [22, 33, 41, 44, 87, 176, 179, 185, 195], 'current': [23], 'theory': [24, 149], 'and': [25, 57, 63, 85, 101, 110, 120, 139, 142, 200], 'identify': [26], 'six': [27], 'expectations': [28], 'for': [29, 132], 'scale': [30, 124, 188], 'dependence': [31, 125], 'in': [32, 40, 68, 79, 89, 96, 116, 126, 137, 189], 'BEF': [34, 45, 71, 90, 100, 180, 190], 'relationship:': [35], '(1)': [36], 'a': [37, 51, 69, 155], 'nonlinear': [38, 99], 'change': [39, 88, 173], 'slope': [42, 91], 'relationship': [46, 53, 72], 'with': [47, 92, 154], 'spatial': [48, 58, 114], 'scale;': [49, 93], '(2)': [50], 'scale‐dependent': [52], 'between': [54], 'stability': [56, 102], 'extent;': [59], '(3)': [60], 'coexistence': [61], 'within': [62], 'among': [64], 'sites': [65], 'will': [66, 122, 191], 'result': [67], 'positive': [70], 'at': [73, 108, 163], 'larger': [74], 'scales;': [75, 112], '(4)': [76], 'temporal': [77], 'autocorrelation': [78], 'environmental': [80], 'variability': [81], 'affects': [82], 'species': [83], 'turnover': [84], 'thus': [86], '(5)': [94], 'connectivity': [95], 'metacommunities': [97], 'generates': [98], 'relationships': [103], 'by': [104], 'affecting': [105], 'population': [106], 'synchrony': [107], 'local': [109], 'regional': [111], '(6)': [113], 'scaling': [115, 177], 'food': [117], 'web': [118], 'structure': [119], 'diversity': [121], 'generate': [123], 'functioning.': [128], 'suggest': [130], 'directions': [131], 'synthesis': [133], 'that': [134, 160], 'combine': [135, 151], 'approaches': [136], 'metaecosystem': [138], 'metacommunity': [140], 'ecology': [141], 'integrate': [143], 'cross‐scale': [144], 'feedbacks.': [145], 'Tests': [146], 'this': [148], 'may': [150, 174], 'remote': [152], 'sensing': [153], 'generation': [156], 'networked': [158], 'experiments': [159], 'assess': [161], 'effects': [162], 'multiple': [164], 'also': [167], 'show': [168], 'how': [169], 'anthropogenic': [170], 'land': [171], 'cover': [172], 'alter': [175], 'relationship.': [181], 'New': [182], 'research': [183], 'role': [186], 'guide': [192], 'policy': [193], 'linking': [194], 'goals': [196], 'managing': [198], 'ecosystems.': [201]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3003348492', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 102}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 73}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T17:29:06.337671', 'created_date': '2020-02-07'}